What is a Refugium?
Shelter roughly means: when there is a dangerous or inevitable disaster, if a disaster comes, such as an earthquake or fire. People use a scientific and transparent approach to disaster management and an emergency shelter built by the Urban Crisis Management Institute. [1]
refuge
(Chinese words)
- refuge
- Pinyin
- harbor, haven, home, refuge, retreat, sanctuary, shelter
- Retreat
- When disasters occur in the mines, the emergency personnel can take refuge in a shelter built in advance.
- The refuge is built in the confined spaces of the dangerous working areas under the mine and is built on the mine roadway. It has good protection performance and can withstand certain external impacts. The room provides oxygen, water, food, emergency medicine, Exhaust gas treatment facilities. When a catastrophe occurs, people in distress can quickly escape into shelters and wait for external rescue, which is the most effective way to reduce the casualty rate of people in distress. It is of positive and great significance to save the lives of the survivors underground. [2]
Basic requirements for shelters
- 1. The construction of refuges should be based on the basic principles of emergency need, safety, practicality and lifesaving;
- 2. Where people work underground, there should be shelters, and the distance between the shelters and the work site is based on the principle that the miners can reach safely with their self-rescuers, which generally does not exceed 1000m. China takes 750m;
- 3 The rated number of people in the shelter should meet the shelter requirements of the largest number of people working in all service areas at the same time, taking into account a wealth factor of not less than 5%;
- 4 The refuge should be located in a place without abnormal stress, complete roof and complete support. It should be supported by non-combustible materials within 20m before and after to ensure a smooth and fast evacuation route of the roadway;
- 5. Refuges should be clearly and conspicuously marked. The location, specifications and types of the shelter should be clearly marked on the mine disaster route map so that the miners can reach the shelter quickly;
- 6. The shelter should be equipped with concise and easy-to-understand instructions and operating instructions;
- 7. The refuge should be managed and maintained by a special person to ensure that it is always in a normal standby state;
- 8. Regularly conduct safety training for personnel entering the well to improve the emergency rescue capabilities of miners.
Shelter technical requirements
- 1. The shelter should be equipped with safety protection, oxygen supply, treatment of harmful gases, temperature and humidity control, water, electricity, and communications to ensure the survival of the sheltered personnel for more than 96 hours;
- 2. The per capita air supply of the shelter is not less than 0.3m3 / min, the oxygen concentration is between 18.5% -22.0%, and the internal and external roadways are always at a positive pressure of not less than 200Pa to prevent the penetration of toxic gases;
- 3 The absorption capacity of CO2 is not less than 0.5L / min per person, the absorption capacity of CO is not less than 400ppm / h, the CO2 concentration is guaranteed to be less than 1.0%, the CO concentration is less than 24ppm, the air temperature is not high at 35 degrees, and humidity Not higher than 85%;
- China's first watertight fixed refuge
- 5. Equipped with a direct telephone to the Inoue dispatch room;
- 6. Equipped with food and drinking water, no less than 2000KJ / person * day, and no less than 0.5L / person * day of drinking water;
- 7. There should be clear and eye-catching signs outside the shelter, and there should be first aid boxes, tool boxes, fire fighting and sewage equipment inside
- 8. Various electrical equipment, instruments, chemical agents, etc. shall comply with relevant national safety standards.