What Is Computer Numerical Control?

Computer numerical control is an NC system that uses a special computer that can store programs to perform some or all of the basic digital control functions. The early numerical control system was composed of hardware circuits called hardware numerical control (Hard NC). After the 1970s, hardware circuit elements were gradually replaced by special computers and called computer numerical control systems. Generally, special computers were used with interface circuits. It can realize the operation control of multiple CNC equipments. Therefore, the current numerical control is generally CNC (Computer Numerical Control), and the concept of NC is rarely used.

Computer numerical control is also commonly called numerical control. To understand computer numerical control, you should start with understanding numerical control.

CNC is

It usually controls mechanical quantities such as position, angle, and speed, and switching quantities related to the flow of mechanical energy. The generation of numerical control relies on the advent of data carriers and data operations in binary form. In 1908, a perforated metal sheet interchangeable data carrier was introduced; at the end of the 19th century, a paper-based data carrier with an auxiliary function was invented; Shannon conducted fast data calculation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1938. Laid the foundation of modern computers, including computer digital control systems. NC technology is developed in close combination with machine tool control. In 1952, the first

In order to give full play to the potential of the computer, the functions of modern CNC systems are far more than just completing basic straight and circular interpolation calculations, but they are equipped with a lot of dedicated software that can complete a variety of tasks, some of which have traditional functions NC is impossible to complete or difficult to complete. The following describes the main functions that modern CNC systems usually have.

(1) Coordinate axis control can control 3, 4 and 5 coordinate axes simultaneously. Can achieve higher cutting speeds and machining quality.

(2) Tool offset compensation Modern CNC systems often have a tool radius compensation function for straight lines in three dimensions.

(3) Programming function The system provides some programming functions. Generally, you can use the system's color graphic display terminal to manually compile a machining program for plane contours composed of straight lines and arcs. The system is equipped with software to automatically calculate the intersection and tangent points of the contour.

(4) Parallel operation system can realize two working modes in parallel: machine tool controlled mode and programming mode.

When the machine tool is under the control of the system to process a certain part, the operator can complete the above manual programming with the keyboard at the same time, or

Computer numerical control technology is a technology that uses digital information to control mechanical movements and working processes. Numerical control equipment is a new technology represented by numerical control technology that penetrates traditional manufacturing industries and emerging manufacturing industries.

The application of numerical control technology has not only brought revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing industry, making the manufacturing industry a symbol of industrialization, but also with the continuous development of numerical control technology and the expansion of the application field, he has been important to some important industries of the national economy and people's livelihood (

Rapid development of hardware technology

With the rapid development of integrated circuits and computer technology, new vitality has been injected into the upgrading of numerical control hardware technology. Modern numerical control systems generally use VLSI, application-specific chip (ASIC), and digital signal processing (DSP) technologies. The surface mount (SMT) and three dimensional high density technologies are widely used in electrical assembly, which greatly improves the reliability of the system. High-speed and high-performance storage technology, such as flash memory (flash memory), mobile storage (PCMCIA card), etc., greatly facilitate users. Thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFTLCD) technology makes display devices tend to be flat, which is more convenient for mechatronics installation and improves the man-machine interface. As the core of the CNC system, the high-speed RISC CPU with bit or more is widely used to ensure high-speed and high-precision CNC processing.

Open development

Open CNC has been discussed for several years, but it should be seen that there is no consistent definition of open architecture. Some users consider open-ended to be acceptable for local use

NC programming refers to the entire working process from part drawing to obtaining NC machining program. As shown in the figure, the programming work mainly includes:

(1) Analysis of parts drawings and development of technological schemes

Relevant key institutions for CNC majors: Dalian Jiaotong University, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Fuzhou University, Shandong University of Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Jimei University, Guangdong University of Technology, Nanchang University, Liaoning University of Technology, Chengdu Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang Vocational College, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Xihua University, Shenyang University of Technology, Hebei University of Technology, South China Agricultural University, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Institute of Technology, Chongqing Institute of Technology, Changsha University of Science and Technology University, Changsha Aviation Vocational and Technical College (Military School Air Force Aeronautical Maintenance Technical College), Henan University of Science and Technology, Hunan Information Vocational and Technical College, Fujian Electric Power Vocational and Technical College, Hubei Automotive Industry College, Sichuan Engineering Vocational Technical College, Beihua Aerospace Industry College , Changsha Southern Vocational and Technical College, Hubei Light Industry Vocational and Technical College, Shenyang Bei soft Information Vocational and Technical College, Shanghai Science and Technology Vocational College (Shanghai University of Science and Technology), Wuhu Vocational Technology, Heilongjiang Engineering College, Hebei Mechanical and Electrical Vocational Institute of Technology, Hunan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Guangxi Mechanical and Electrical Vocational and Technical College.