How Do I Choose the Best Used Engraving Machine?

Engraving is a combination of drilling and milling from the principle of processing. The multiple data input modes of the engraving machine are more flexible. There are two types of computer engraving machines: laser engraving and mechanical engraving. Both types have high power and low power. Because the application range of engraving machines is very wide, it is necessary to understand the most suitable application range of various engraving machines. Low-power ones are only suitable for two-color panels, building models, small signs, three-dimensional crafts, etc. Carving jade, metal, etc. requires power above 1500W. High power engraving machine can do things with low power engraving machine. Most suitable for large-scale cutting, embossing and carving.

In CNC machine tools, the electric spindle usually adopts the frequency conversion speed regulation method. There are three control methods: ordinary variable frequency drive and control, vector control drive and direct torque control.

Ordinary frequency conversion is scalar drive and control. Its drive control characteristic is constant torque drive. The output power is proportional to the speed. The dynamic performance of ordinary variable frequency control is not ideal, the control performance is not good at low speeds, the output power is not stable enough, and it does not have the C-axis function. However, it is cheap and simple in structure, and is generally used for grinding machines and ordinary high-speed milling machines.

Vector control technology mimics the control of a DC motor to a rotor

1.Stepper driver + stepper motor

The stepping system is the most commonly used drive system on the market. The most popular is the three-phase hybrid stepping motor, which accounts for more than 90% of the market share. The reason is that it is cheap and is equipped with a Leica high segment driver After the effect is good. However, the defects are also obvious, such as: resonance, noise, speed increase, torque reduction, long-term work is easy to lose steps, motor temperature rise is too high, etc.

2.Hybrid servo driver + motor

The use of hybrid servos in China has not been widespread. There are many reasons for this. There are not many foreign manufacturers doing hybrid servos, and the price is not very great compared to AC servos. They can only be used in some special industries. Improvements include: improving high-speed performance, reducing heat generation, and reducing resonance.

3.AC servo driver + AC servo motor

The use of AC servo in the engraving machine is relatively small, the main reason is the relatively high price. In addition, the application of AC servo has certain requirements on the structure, electrical appliances, control system, and drive system of the machine tool, just like the principle of the wooden barrel, the shortest The board determines the amount of water in the barrel, because some AC servos are generally used in high-end models. AC servo has: fast response, large torque, high speed, high accuracy, less heat, continuous long-term work, complete alarm system, etc. Disadvantages: Different equipment needs different servo parameters, and the adjustment of parameters requires high-level technical engineers.

Computer engraving machine

1. Continuous running time is less than 10 hours per day to ensure the cleanness of the cooling water and the normal operation of the water pump. Never run out of water on the water spindle motor. Change the cooling water regularly to prevent the water temperature from becoming too high. In winter, if the working environment temperature is too low, replace the water in the water tank with antifreeze.

2. After each use of the machine, pay attention to cleaning. Be sure to clean up the dust on the platform and the transmission system, and regularly (weekly) lubricate the transmission system (X, Y, Z three axes). (Note: X, Y, Z three-axis polished rods are maintained with oil; high-speed butter is added to the screw rod; if the working environment temperature is too low in winter,

   Advertising and gift making operations: used for engraving all kinds of two-color plate signs, plexiglass, vante stone doorplates, three-dimensional notice boards, decorative gifts, light box pieces of two-color human statues, embossed medals, in-wall lamp houses, light guide plate carved lamp houses , Organic board relief three-dimensional door first.

   2. Mold industry: embossed button embossing mold, printing bronzing mold, injection mold, blow mold, stamping mold, eye mold, etc.

   3. Tobacco industry: used for packaging cigarette case anti-counterfeiting signs, template making and cigarette character wheel making.

   4. Circuit making, drilling and milling in the development of printed circuit board (PCB) products.

   5. Automotive industry: processing of tire molds, lamp molds and decorative molds.

   6. Coinage industry: making banknote and watermark anti-counterfeiting molds and coin molds.

   7, packaging industry: luggage bronzing, carton packaging plastic character production.

   8. Modeling operations: making sand table models, house models, etc.

   9, making a variety of employee badges, various door signs, signs.

   10. Seal industry: seal engraving of various fonts and materials

   11. Shipbuilding industry: Plane layout of ship board and engraving of signs.

   12, mechanical processing industry: dial wheel and ruler carving.

   13. Wooden industry: used for design and production of relief patterns.

   14, camera aperture zoom parts and scale processing.

   15. Processing of complex parts such as valve plates for water tank compressors.

   16. Processing of oil-sealing grooves for the shaft stator of hydraulic pumps.

   17. Engraving of electric board of EDM machine.

   18. Printing industry: used for making bump board.

   19. Manufacture of watch case announcement watch case molds.

   20, pastry mold making, etc., there are many enumerations.

   21. Golf initials and thread processing.

   22. Manju art carving.

   23. Processing of motorcycle gear lever.

   24. Bowling ball lettering.

   25. Carving of decorative products.

   26. Fine jewelry carving.

   27. Bathroom faucet carving.

   28. Sole mold processing.

   29. Carving of smoking utensils.

   Equipped with imported double nut lead screw.

   It adopts the memory method of breakpoint to ensure that it can be processed under accidental (broken knife) or the next day.

   Unique way to save the origin of multiple workpieces.

   High-power cutting not only makes the engraving fine and jagged, but also makes the bottom surface smooth and clear.

   This machine is very suitable for building models, sign industry, schools, enterprises and institutions

   Used for glass engraving, engraving thickness above 5MM

   Computer engraving machine consists of computer, engraving machine controller and engraving machine host. Working principle: It is designed and typeset by the special engraving software configured in the computer, and the design and typesetting information is automatically transferred to the controller of the engraving machine by the computer, and then the controller converts this information to be able to drive the stepper motor or The servo motor's power signal (pulse train) controls the host of the engraving machine to generate the X, Y, Z three-axis engraving tool path base diameter. At the same time, the high-speed rotary engraving head on the engraving machine can cut various plane or three-dimensional relief graphics and characters designed in the computer by cutting the processing materials fixed on the host machine table by the tools configured according to the processing material. , To achieve automatic carving operations.

   Multiple data input modes of the engraving machine are easy to use as needed. It can be compatible with a variety of engraving software, and also compatible with the JD software of the ENG format of the precision engraving machine.

   The arc optimization command of the engraving machine can automatically eliminate the speed chatter according to the characteristics of the workpiece. The traditional CNC control system often has the following problems: the curve speed is slower than the linear speed, the curve accuracy is worse than the straight line, the machine shakes very severely, the speed is slow, and the accuracy is poor. The application of this control system completely solves this problem, not only improves the processing efficiency (the processing time can be shortened by 30% -300%), but also eliminates the speed chatter and improves the processing quality.

   The engraving machine adopts widened high-precision cylindrical linear guides, which has good stability and high precision. The processing stroke is greater than 160 mm, which is higher than other equipment. It is especially suitable for making plastic molds and contracting semi-finished products, making the work not limited to processing of PVC, acrylic, etc. like other engraving machines.

   During the processing of the engraving machine, the processing depth can be dynamically adjusted. During the processing, the processing speed and the feeding speed can be adjusted dynamically. The engraving machine is completely designed by Carter's own embedded CNC controller, which can be used in harsh environments. The industry standard bus structure design guarantees the stability and reliability of the control system.

   Modification of engraving machine parameters: modification of manufacturer parameters,

   Worktable stroke: (depending on machine model)

   System parameters: Select the first four items on the basis of default.

   Motor parameters: If the three axes are all screw-driven machines, and the driver is in a 16-division state, if the lead screw is 10, the motor parameter is 0.00625, if the lead is 5, the motor parameter is 0.003125; Y axis is rack drive, Z axis is lead screw drive machine, X and Y axis motor parameters are 0.0098175, Z axis parameters are determined according to lead screw lead, if lead is 10, motor parameter is 0.00625, if lead If it is 5, then the motor parameter is 0.003125.

   Take-off frequency: 300

   Z axis maximum speed: This parameter can be set according to the hardness of the processed material. The harder the material, the smaller the value should be. Generally between 1000-2500.

   Uniaxial acceleration: 600

   Curve acceleration: 800

   After sales service

   The laser tube and reflecting lens of the laser engraving machine are consumables, have a certain service life, and need to be replaced after the expiration. This requires manufacturers to provide a strong after-sales service guarantee, can provide these supplies in a timely manner. Some users want to buy cheap laser engraving machines from small factories for a low price. After half a year, the laser engraving machine needs to replace the laser tube. Contact the manufacturer and find that the person is empty.

   product quality

   The same is a laser engraving machine, but the components used are different, the following examples illustrate:

   (1) There are two types of motors for engraving machines: one is

   When the engraving machine does not work properly, there may be a problem with its internal components or other reasons. The following describes the problems that often occur.

   1. One of the three axes cannot move. At this time, check whether the drive block corresponding to the corresponding axis is damaged. The inspection method can use the replacement method: unplug the aviation plug corresponding to the fixed axis, and plug it into the drive corresponding to other active axes. If the stationary shaft moves normally after the exchange, it can indicate that the drive block corresponding to the shaft is damaged and the drive block needs to be replaced; if the stationary shaft still does not work, the cable or motor is faulty and the cable or motor needs to be replaced .

   2. All three axes cannot move. At this time, check whether the three-axis aviation plug is connected with the control box, whether the control box power is turned on, whether the data cable is connected with the control box and the control card in the computer host. If all the above are normal, please contact the factory.

   3. The spindle cannot run normally. At this time, check the error code displayed on the LED display of the inverter (see the error code item in the inverter manual).

   Common faults and treatment of spindle motor:

   The motor is hot, check whether the pump is working and the circulating water is normal; the motor is weak, check whether the motor wire is lacking in phase, the cable is short-circuited; the motor sound is abnormal, check whether the motor is overloaded, and the motor is internally faulty (please contact the manufacturer) The motor is reversed. Check whether the motor line is out of phase, and whether the output UVW terminal is arbitrarily swapped at both ends.

   One: One or three axes of the engraving machine do not move or move abnormally

   1. The control card is loose or defective.

   2. The drive of the corresponding axis is defective.

   3. The corresponding axis stepper motor is faulty.

   4. The corresponding coupling is broken or loose.

   5. The corresponding screw is broken or the screw nut is defective.

   6. The slippage of the corresponding shaft has failed.

   7. Driver subdivision number and current are different from the settings in the software.

   2: The z-axis of the engraving machine is out of control

   1. The control card is loose or defective.

   2. Static interference.

   3. z-axis motor line failure

   4. Incorrect file path

   5. Inverter interference

   6. Computer system problem or virus

   7. Operational error

   Three: Error

   1. Loose or malfunctioning control card

   2. Drive failure

   3. Stepper motor failure

   4. Electrostatic interference

   5. Motor wire failure

   6. Data line failure

   7. Wrong path

   8. Broken or loose coupling

   9. Processing speed is too fast

   10. Computer system problem or virus

   Four: Different shades of carving

   1. Loose or malfunctioning control card

   2. Stepper motor failure

   3. Drive failure or current breakdown is inconsistent with software settings

   4. z-axis motor line failure

   5. Failure of the spindle motor

   6. Inverter interference or incorrect data setting

   7. Electrostatic interference

   8. Computer virus or system problem

   Five: Scribble

   1. Control card failure

   2. Inverter interference

   3. Incorrect file path

   4. Electrostatic interference

   5. There is a problem with the software settings

   6. Drive failure or incorrect current subdivision setting

   7. Data line failure

   8. Computer has a virus or system problem

   Six: The engraving machine washes unevenly

   1. The main axis is not perpendicular to the table. Needs correction

   2. Knife has problems

   3. There is a problem with the control card

   Seven: The engraving machine cannot return to the mechanical origin normally

   1. Opposite direction

   2. The control card is faulty or loose

   3. Limit switch or data cable failure

   4. Drive failure

   5. Stepper motor failure

   Eight: What should I do if the engraving machine has wider engraving lines?

   Solution:

   1. Adjust the focus of the focusing tube

   2. Correct current adjustment

   Nine: The computer signal of the engraving machine cannot be transmitted

   Causes:

   1. Software parameter settings are incorrect

   2. Machine and computer are not connected

   3. There is a problem with the computer serial port

   4. Software transfer rate is inconsistent with the engraving machine baud rate setting

   Solution:

   1. Reset parameters

   2. Press the "Offline" key to turn off the offline light

   3. Use another serial port

   4. Reset baud rate

   Ten: The engraving machine sounds abnormal

   Causes:

   1. There are obstacles in the trolley and guideway

   2. Trolley off rail

   3. Origin coordinate setting is not reasonable

   4. The actual layout of the file is too large

   Solution:

   1. Remove the obstruction

   2. Righting trolley

   3. Modify origin coordinates

   4. Modify file

   Eleven: Engraving machine

   the reason:

   1. Optical path shift

   2. Laser power is damaged

   3. Related circuit or wiring damage

   4. Damaged or aged laser tube

   5. Damaged ammeter

   Solution

   1. Refer to the manual and adjust the light path

   2. Replace laser power

   3. Replace circuit or wiring

   4. Replace the laser tube

   5. Replace the ammeter

   Twelve: Questions about engraving machine not engraving

   Possible cause

   1. Whether the power is AC220V50Hz

   2. Whether to power on

   3. Whether to turn on the switch

   4. Whether the serial port of the computer is connected to the engraving machine with a serial cable

   5. Is the output port setting of the software consistent with the actual connection?

   6. Whether to send the correct data format to the engraving machine

   Solution

   1. Plug in the power of the engraving machine and turn on the switch

   2. Press the start button to send a legal file containing the content you want to sculpt

   3. Restart your computer and engraver

   Thirteen: When opening the software, the computer prompts "Failed to open the card, please check the card" .

   Solution:

   1. Check if the driver of the board is installed or replace the board with a PCI slot;

   2. Reinstall the two data connection cables and check for broken pins;

   3. There is a problem with the board. Replace the board.

   Fourteen: Prompt when opening the software: three axis alarm, initialization error number four.

   Solution:

   1. Check whether the two data cables of the computer and the machine are connected properly;

   2. Check whether the fuse of the adapter board in the control box is burned out and replace the fuse;

   3. Check whether the 5V12V power supply is working normally.

   15: Misalignment or wrong size when engraving.

   Solution:

   1. Check that the path of the engraving software is correct;

   2. Check the clearance of the screw rod and whether the fastening screws of the polished rod are loose;

   3. Check that the software parameters are set correctly.

   4. Check if the ground wire is connected well

   5. Whether the computer has a virus

   Sixteen: The X axis does not raise the knife during a certain period of X-axis walking, but presses up but goes down.

   Solution:

   1. Check whether the Z-axis motor is running normally, the power and the current of the driver;

   2. Check if the Z-axis motor cable has poor contact or is broken in the middle.

   Seventeen: The spindle motor does not rotate or reverse.

   Solution:

   1. Check the parameter settings of the inverter;

   2. Check whether the signal wires of the inverter are connected reversely and interchange any two of the three wires connected to the motor from the inverter.

   3. Check if the wires connecting the inverter and the control box are in good contact

   4. When the inverter wiring is intact, the motor will fail if the motor does not rotate.

   XVIII: Smashing knife appears.

   Solution:

   1. Z axis motor power is not enough, the coupling is loose;

   2. The current of the Z-axis driver is too small, or the signal cable is connected incorrectly.

   3. Check if the Z-axis motor cable is plugged in

   Nineteen: When the software is turned on, the axis turns off.

   Solution:

   1. Problems with the driver or poor contact of the computer output signal cable;

   2. The motor cable is not in good contact.

   3. Check whether the parameters set in the software are correct

   Twenty: Limitation occurs during the engraving process.

   Solution:

   1. Check if the engraving path exceeds the engraving range;

   2. Software limit for parameter setting in software.

   Twenty-one: The machine does not power on when it is turned on.

   Solution:

   1. Check if the start button cable is connected and the button is burned out;

   2. Check if the AC contactor is shorted or burnt out.

   3. Check if the emergency stop switch is on

   4. Check if the fuse is burnt out

   Twenty-two: The axis only moves in one direction when the button is moved.

   Solution:

   1. Check whether the optocoupler line is working properly and whether the line is in good contact;

   2. Check if there is any soldering in the motor wiring.

   Twenty-three: The sending software cannot be opened normally, and the sculpted thing is deformed.

   Solution:

   1. Reinstall new systems and software;

   2. Check if the X and Y axis screws and screws are loose;

   3. Carving knife has problems

   How to quickly and correctly install the cutter of the engraving machine? The tool of the engraving machine is installed correctly, so that the engraved pattern can be more accurate, and the tool is not easy to break during use. How to install the tool of the engraving machine quickly and correctly? The following five steps are hopeful to help you.

   1 There are many gaps in the chuck. Before clamping the tool, you need to clean the chuck with gasoline or WD40 cleaning agent, and check and remove the residue in the chuck gap.

   2 The cooperation between the chuck and the shaft depends on the taper hole at the end of the shaft. If the contact is not good, the tool is not easy to be installed correctly. Ensure that the taper surface has good contact. The shaft cone must be cleaned with gasoline or WD40 cleaning agent before applying the knife.

   3 Put the collet into the pressure cap, and turn the clip spring gently, until the eccentric part of the pressure cap is recessed into the collet groove, push the collet evenly and strongly in the direction of the arrow, and it can be inserted into the pressure cap.

   4 The chuck is installed on the main shaft of the machine tool together with the pressing cap. After cleaning the cylindrical shank of the tool, insert it into the holding hole. After confirming that the chuck and the tool are aligned, screw the pressing cap into place by hand. Use a wrench to tighten the cap evenly and firmly until the tool is clamped.

   5 When loosening the knife, use a wrench to twist the cap in the opposite direction. If you need to change the chuck, loosen the cap to bring out the chuck and the tool, remove the tool, push the chuck in the direction of the arrow to push it out, and then change it as needed. You can simply use a collet with another hole diameter.

   With the popularization of microcomputers, microcomputer-based numerical control systems have become the general trend. The application of microcomputer technology to develop industrial control systems can be strongly supported by hardware and software, avoiding the constraints of proprietary technology, and can reach a higher level in a short period of time. The CNC interface engraving machine based on print interface designed in this paper is mainly made of wood, rubber, etc. The performance requirements are not high, the structure is simple, it is convenient for demonstration applications, and it can reflect the characteristics of electromechanical systems.