How Do I Increase Crop Yield?

Crop yield is the amount of crop product.

Crop yield

Economic output is

Crop yield refers to the yield of a crop group per unit of land area, which is composed of individual yields or the number of product organs. Crop yield can be broken down into

The formation of crop yield is closely related to the differentiation and development of organs and the distribution and accumulation of photosynthetic products. To understand the formation law is to adopt advanced cultivation techniques, rationally regulate and achieve high yield.

Formation of crop yield factors

The formation of yield factors occurs sequentially and overlappingly during different periods of the crop growth period. If the growth period of the crop is roughly divided into three stages, that is, the early, middle and late growth stages. Then the crops with fruit seeds as product organs have a vegetative growth stage in the early growth stage, and photosynthetic products are mainly used for the growth of roots, leaves, tillers or branches. The middle stage of growth is the differentiation and formation of genital organs and the vigorous growth of vegetative organs. The number of reproductive organs determines the size of the yield potential; the late stage of growth is the stage of fruiting and maturity. A large number of photosynthetic products are transported to the grain. The weight of solids increases sharply until the potential storage capacity is reached. Generally speaking, the degree of growth in the previous fertility period has a role in determining the degree of growth in the later period. The growth of vegetative organs and the growth of reproductive organs affect each other and are related to each other. Nutrients required for the growth of reproductive organs are mostly supplied by vegetative organs. Therefore, the formation and development of reproductive organs can only be guaranteed if the vegetative organs grow well.

Yield factors have an automatic adjustment phenomenon in the formation process, and this adjustment is mainly reflected in the compensation effect on the population yield. The compensation effect of cereal crop yield factors is mainly manifested in that the yield factors formed in the late growth stage can compensate the yield factors lost in the early growth stage. For example, if the planting density is low or the number of seedlings is insufficient, it can be compensated by the occurrence of more tillers and the formation of more ears. When the number of ears is insufficient, the increase in the number of grains per ear and the weight of the grains can be slightly compensated. The compensation effect in the early growth stage is often greater than that in the later growth stage. Different crops have different compensation levels. Tiller crops, such as rice and wheat, have strong automatic adjustment capabilities; main stem-type crops, such as corn and sorghum, have weaker automatic adjustment capabilities.

Crop Yield Accumulation and Distribution

The whole process of crop yield formation includes the establishment of photosynthetic organs, absorption organs, and product organs, as well as the formation, transportation, and accumulation of yield content. From the perspective of material production, crop yield is essentially formed directly or indirectly through photosynthesis and depends on the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products. Crop photosynthetic production capacity is closely related to photosynthetic area, photosynthetic time and photosynthetic efficiency. Photosynthetic area, that is, the green surface area capable of photosynthesis including leaves, stems, leaf sheaths and fruiting organs, in which the green leaf area is the main body that forms the photosynthetic area; photosynthetic time refers to the time during which photosynthesis proceeds; photosynthetic efficiency refers to the unit of time Leaf area assimilated CO2 in milligrams or grams of accumulated dry matter. Generally speaking, within the appropriate range, the larger the photosynthetic area, the longer the photosynthetic time, the higher the photosynthetic efficiency, the less non-productive consumption of photosynthetic products, the more reasonable the distribution and utilization, the higher economic yield can be obtained.

The dry matter accumulation dynamics of crops follow the logistic curve (S-shaped curve) mode, that is, they experience a slow growth period, an exponential growth period, a linear growth period, and a slowdown stop period. In the early stages of crop growth, the plants are small, leaves and tillers or branches continue to occur and are reproduced. The dry matter accumulation in this period is directly proportional to the leaf area. As the plant grows, the leaf area increases, and the net assimilation rate decreases due to the mutual shading of the leaves. However, due to the large total leaf area per unit of land area, the dry matter accumulation of the population is increasing nearly linearly. After that, the leaves gradually became senescent, the function decreased, and the dry matter accumulation rate of the population slowed down. Assimilating substances were transferred from the vegetative organs to the reproductive organs. When the plants entered the mature stage, the growth stopped and the dry matter accumulation also stopped. Different crop types or varieties, different ecological environment and cultivation conditions, the time experienced in each period, the speed of dry matter accumulation, the total amount of accumulation and the distribution among organs are different.

The distribution of dry matter varies with the type, variety, growth period and cultivation conditions of the crop. The center of dry matter distribution varies with the period of childbearing. Generally, the distribution of crop dry matter is shifted with the transfer of growth centers. ^[1]