What Are Prefab Buildings?

Prefabricated building refers to transferring a lot of on-site operations in the traditional construction method to the factory, processing and manufacturing building components and accessories (such as floors, wall panels, stairs, balconies, etc.) in the factory, transporting them to the construction site, and Buildings with reliable connections assembled on site. ^[1]

Prefabricated building plans have been intensively introduced since 2015. At the end of 2015, the Evaluation Standards for Industrialized Buildings were issued, and it was decided to fully promote prefabricated buildings nationwide in 2016 and make breakthrough progress; On November 14, 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Construction issued the Modernization of the Building Industry The Development Outline plans that prefabricated buildings will account for more than 20% of new buildings by 2020, and prefabricated buildings will account for more than 50% of new buildings by 2025; On February 22, 2016, the State Council promulgated The Guiding Opinions require that prefabricated concrete structures, steel structures, and modern wooden structures be developed in accordance with local conditions, and strive to take about 10 years to make prefabricated buildings account for 30% of the new building area; March 2016 5 The Japanese government work report put forward the need to vigorously develop steel structures and prefabricated buildings, and improve construction engineering standards and quality; on July 5, 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the 2016 Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Construction Science and Technology Project Plan Prefabricated Building Technology Demonstration Project List And announced the list of 2016 science and technology project construction prefabricated building science and technology demonstration projects; September 14, 2016 State Council executive meeting of the State Council, proposed to vigorously develop the assembly building to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading; September 27, 2016 the State Council issued the "State Council to develop guidance on prefabricated building" ^[3]

1. A large number of building parts are produced and processed by the workshop. The main types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.

2. A large number of assembly operations on site, which greatly reduce the original cast-in-place operation.

3. Adopt integrated design and construction of architecture and decoration. Ideally, decoration can be carried out simultaneously with the main construction.

4. Standardization of design and informatization of management. The more standard the components are, the higher the production efficiency will be, and the corresponding component costs will decrease. With the digital management of the factory, the cost performance of the entire prefabricated building will become higher and higher.

5. meet

17th century period used for immigrants to the Americas

Premier of the State Council

Prefabricated building policies in provinces, cities and regions of the country

At present, more than 30 provinces and cities across the country have issued special guidance and related supporting measures for prefabricated buildings, and many places have made clear requirements for the development of prefabricated buildings. More and more market players have begun to join the construction army of prefabricated buildings. With the joint promotion of all parties, in 2015, the number of newly-built prefabricated building areas nationwide reached 35 million to 45 million square meters, and the number of new prefabricated component factories in the past three years reached about 100. ^[4]

Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings

State Council issued [2016] No. 71

People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions of the State Council, and agencies directly under the State Council:

Prefabricated building is a building assembled with prefabricated parts at the construction site. The development of prefabricated buildings is a major change in construction methods. It is an important measure to promote supply-side structural reforms and new urbanization development. It is conducive to saving resources and energy, reducing construction pollution, improving labor productivity and quality and safety, and is conducive to promoting construction. Industry and informatization industrialization, to foster new industries and new kinetic energy, and promote the elimination of excess capacity. In recent years, China has actively explored the development of prefabricated buildings, but most of the construction methods are still on-site pouring. The proportion and scale of prefabricated buildings are relatively low. Compared with the requirements for the development of green buildings and advanced construction methods, gap. In order to implement the "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening Urban Planning and Construction Management" and the "Government Work Report" deployment, and vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, with the consent of the State Council, the following opinions are proposed.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology. Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Party and the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Urbanization Working Conference, and the Central City Working Conference, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and follow the overall layout of the "Five in One" And the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, firmly establish and implement the development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, promote innovation in construction methods, and vigorously develop prefabricated concrete in accordance with applicable, economic, safe, green, and beautiful requirements. Buildings and steel structures are advocating the development of modern wooden structures in places where conditions are available, and constantly increasing the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings. Adhere to standardized design, factory production, assembly construction, integrated decoration, informatization management, intelligent application, improve technical level and project quality, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.

(2) Basic principles.

Adhere to market leadership and government promotion. Adapt to market demand, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of government planning and guidance, and form a favorable institutional mechanism and market environment to promote the active participation and coordination of market entities and the orderly development of assembled buildings .

Adhere to regional advancement and progressive promotion. According to the economic and social development status and industrial and technological conditions of different regions, we will divide the key promotion areas, actively promote the areas, and encourage the promotion of the areas. We will adapt to local conditions and proceed step by step.

Adhere to the top-level design and coordinated development. Take coordinated promotion of standards, design, production, construction, use and maintenance as effective starting points for the development of prefabricated buildings, promote the organic combination of various links, and change the construction method to promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in the entire process of engineering construction, and promote the overall level of the construction industry. Promotion.

(3) Work goals. Focusing on the three major urban agglomerations of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, other cities with a permanent population of more than 3 million are actively promoting the area, and the remaining cities are encouraging the area to develop prefabricated concrete structures, steel structures and modern Prefabricated buildings such as wooden structures. Strive for about 10 years, so that the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the new construction area will reach 30%. At the same time, gradually improve laws and regulations, technical standards and supervision systems, and promote the formation of a number of design, construction, large-scale production of parts and components, engineering, general contracting enterprises with modern assembly and construction level and the appropriate professional skills.

Key tasks

(4) Improve the standard system. Accelerate the preparation of national standards, industrial standards and local standards for prefabricated buildings, support enterprises to prepare standards, strengthen technological innovation, encourage social organizations to prepare group standards, and promote the transformation of key technology and complete technology research results into standard specifications. Strengthen the connection between building material standards, parts and components standards, and engineering standards. Draw up and revise pricing basis for prefabricated construction projects. Improve the fire, earthquake and disaster prevention standards for prefabricated buildings. Study and establish prefabricated building evaluation standards and methods. Gradually establish and improve the standard system of prefabricated buildings covering the entire process of design, production, construction, use and maintenance.

(5) Innovative prefabricated building design. Coordinate building structure, mechanical and electrical equipment, parts and components, assembly construction, decoration and decoration, and promote the integrated design of prefabricated buildings. Promote generalized, modular, and standardized design methods, actively apply building information modeling technology, improve the collaborative design capabilities of all majors in the construction field, and strengthen guidance and services for the entire process of fabricated building construction. Encourage design units to jointly develop prefabricated building design technology and general design software with scientific research institutes and universities.

(6) Optimize production of parts and components. We will guide the rational distribution of parts and components manufacturing enterprises in the construction industry, increase the degree of industrial agglomeration, and cultivate a group of backbone enterprises and production bases with advanced technology, professional support and standardized management. Support manufacturers of parts and components to improve product varieties and specifications, promote professional, standardized, large-scale, and information-based production, optimize logistics management, and rationally organize distribution. Actively guide equipment manufacturing enterprises to research and develop parts and components to produce equipment and tools to improve the level of automation and flexible processing technology. Establish a quality acceptance mechanism for parts and components to ensure product quality.

(7) Improve assembly construction level. Guide enterprises to develop and apply technologies, equipment, and tools that are compatible with assembly construction to improve the quality of assembly and construction connections and safety performance of parts and components. Encourage enterprises to innovate construction organization methods, promote green construction, and apply a new model of coordinated construction of structural engineering and sub-projects. Support construction companies to summarize and compile construction methods, improve assembly construction skills, realize the transformation of technical processes, organizational management, and technical teams, and create a group of backbone enterprises with high assembly construction technology.

(8) Promote full renovation of buildings. The implementation of prefabricated building decoration and decoration, main structure, mechanical and electrical equipment coordinated construction. Actively promote the standardized, integrated and modular decoration mode, promote the application of integrated technology of materials, products and equipment pipelines such as overall kitchens, lightweight partition walls, and improve the level of assembly and decoration. Promote menu-style full decoration to meet the individual needs of consumers.

(9) Promote green building materials. Increase the proportion of green building materials in prefabricated buildings. Develop and apply new building materials with excellent quality, energy conservation and environmental protection, and good functions, and accelerate the evaluation of green building materials. Encourage the integrated application of decoration and thermal insulation materials. Promote the application of high-performance energy-saving doors and windows. Mandatory elimination of building materials that do not meet energy conservation and environmental protection requirements and poor quality performance to ensure safety, greenness and environmental protection.

(10) Promote general contracting of projects. For prefabricated buildings, in principle, the general contracting mode of the project shall be adopted, and bids may be submitted in accordance with technically complex engineering projects. The general contracting enterprise shall bear overall responsibility for the quality, safety, progress and cost of the project. It is necessary to improve the systems of contracting, construction permitting, subcontracting management, engineering cost, quality and safety supervision, and completion acceptance, etc. that are compatible with prefabricated building general contracting, to achieve unified management and deep integration of engineering design, production of parts and components, construction, and procurement. , Optimize project management methods. Encourage the establishment of prefabricated construction industry technology innovation alliances, increase investment in research and development, and enhance innovation capabilities. Support large-scale design, construction and parts and components manufacturing enterprises to transform to an engineering general contracting enterprise with engineering management, design, construction, production, and procurement capabilities by adjusting the organizational structure and improving the management system.

(11) Ensure project quality and safety. Improve the quality and safety management system of prefabricated construction projects, improve the quality and safety responsibility system, and implement the quality and safety responsibilities of all parties. Strengthen the whole process supervision, construction and supervision, and other relevant parties can use the factory supervision and manufacturing methods to strengthen the quality control of parts and components production; construction enterprises to strengthen the construction process quality safety control and inspection and testing, and improve the quality of the assembly construction quality assurance system; Permanent signs are set up on the parts to publicize the main body and main responsible persons of quality and safety. Strengthen industry supervision, clearly meet the requirements for the review of construction drawings of prefabricated buildings, establish a quality traceability system throughout the process, increase the intensity of spot checks, and seriously investigate and punish violations of laws and regulations concerning quality and safety.

Third, safeguard measures

(12) Strengthen organizational leadership. All regions should study and propose the goals and tasks for the development of prefabricated buildings according to local conditions, establish and improve working mechanisms, improve supporting policies, organize specific implementation, and ensure that tasks are implemented. Relevant departments should increase guidance, coordination and support, and regard the development of prefabricated buildings as an important task in implementing the spirit of the Central Urban Work Conference, and include it in the urban planning and construction management supervision and evaluation index system, and regularly report the results of the evaluation.

(13) Increase policy support. Establish and improve a system of laws and regulations related to prefabricated buildings. Combining policies on energy conservation, emission reduction, industrial development, technological innovation, and pollution prevention and control, we will increase support for prefabricated buildings. Support manufacturing enterprises that meet the conditions of high-tech enterprises to enjoy the relevant preferential policies for assembly building component parts manufacturing enterprises. Manufacturers of parts and components that meet the new-type wall material catalogue can enjoy the preferential policies of VAT and rebate in accordance with regulations. In the land supply, relevant requirements for the development of prefabricated buildings can be incorporated into the land supply plan and implemented into the land use contract. Encourage localities to formulate related policies and measures to support the development of prefabricated buildings, such as planning approval, land supply, infrastructure support, and finance. Government investment projects should take the lead in the development of prefabricated buildings and promote the "going out" of prefabricated buildings. In the selection of China Habitat Environment Awards, National Ecological Garden City Assessment, Green Building Assessment and other tasks, increase the requirements for prefabricated buildings.

(14) Strengthen team building. Vigorously train professionals in prefabricated building design, production, construction, and management. Encourage colleges and vocational schools to set up prefabricated building-related courses, promote prefabricated construction companies to carry out school-enterprise cooperation, and innovate talent training models. Add prefabricated construction-related content to the continuing education of professional and technical personnel in the construction industry. Increase investment in vocational skills training, establish training bases, strengthen job skills upgrading training, and promote the transition of migrant workers in the construction industry to skilled workers. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and actively introduce overseas professionals to participate in the research and development, production and management of prefabricated buildings.

(15) Do a good job of propaganda and guidance. Promote the economic and social benefits of the development of prefabricated buildings through various forms, widely publicize the basic knowledge of prefabricated buildings, improve social awareness, create a good atmosphere that all parties pay attention to and support the development of prefabricated buildings, and promote prefabricated construction-related industries And market development. ^[8]

Office of the State Council

September 27, 2016