What Are the Best Tips for Conveyor Maintenance?
Belt conveyors [1], also known as belt conveyors, are widely used in home appliances, electronics, appliances, machinery, tobacco, injection molding, post and telecommunications, printing, food and other industries, assembling, testing, debugging, packaging and transportation of objects, etc. .
Belt conveyor
- Belt conveyor [1]
- The ancient high-roller and water-lifting rollovers in ancient China were the prototypes of modern bucket elevators and scraper conveyors; in the 17th century, aerial ropeways were used to transport bulk materials; in the mid-19th century, various modern structures were transported Machines appear one after another [3]
- A belt conveyor is a friction-driven machine that transports materials in a continuous manner. Mainly by the rack,
- The traction of the belt conveyor is transmitted by the friction between the transmission roller and the belt. Therefore, the belt must be tightened with a tensioning device so that the belt has a certain initial tension at the separation point of the transfer drum.
- The tape runs on the rollers with the load. The tape is both a traction mechanism and a load bearing mechanism. There is no relative movement between the cargo and the tape, which eliminates the frictional resistance between the tape and the load during operation. Because the roller is equipped with rolling bearings, there is rolling friction between the tape and the roller, so the running resistance is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption and increasing the transportation distance. For a belt conveyor, its traction force transmission capacity depends on the tension of the belt, the wrapping angle of the belt on the transmission roller, and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the transmission roller. It is necessary to ensure that the belt of the belt conveyor does not slip on the transmission roller and run normally. In the production practice, corresponding measures shall be taken according to different situations. Improving traction transmission can start with:
- Increase the tension (initial tension). During the operation of the belt conveyor, the belt must be stretched, which causes the traction force to decrease. Therefore, according to the situation, the tension device should be used to properly tighten the belt to increase the tension of the belt to improve the traction.
- Increase the coefficient of friction. The specific measures are: protect the wood lining or rubber covering on the transmission drum to increase the coefficient of friction, on the other hand, reduce the amount of coal and prevent the coefficient of friction from decreasing.
- (3) Increase the wrap angle. Due to poor working conditions and large traction force, underground belt conveyors often use double roller transmissions to increase the wrapping angle.
- The belt conveyor is mainly composed of two end rollers and a closed conveyor belt tightly mounted on it [1]
- Band
- The first is that it works reliably. In many important production units that require continuous operation, such as coal transportation in power plants, steel plants and cement plants
- 1.Working environment, conditions and conditions
- Need to consider the daily operation time, working frequency, service life of the belt conveyor, feeding and unloading methods.
- Working environment, conditions: ambient temperature, outdoor or indoor, environmental protection requirements, mobile or fixed, telescopic requirements.
- 2. Problems with transmission lines and belts
- The dimensions of the transmission line need to be considered in detail, including: inclination, maximum length, lifting height; dimensions of straight and curved sections; connection dimensions, etc.
- Conveyor belt: maximum sag requirements, simulated friction resistance coefficient, friction coefficient, safety coefficient.
- 3.The nature and conveying capacity of materials
- The specific properties of the material need to be considered, including: loose density, repose angle, particle size of the material, maximum block condition, material humidity, material abrasion, adhesion and friction coefficient. The amount of conveyance can be directly reached when the material flow is uniform, and the basic statistical data of the material flow can be considered when the material flow is uneven.
- There are many varieties and types of belt conveyors made in China. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, through the implementation of the national one-stop "Comprehensive mining equipment with a daily output of 10,000 tons" project, the technical level of the belt conveyor has been greatly improved.
- First, start and stop
- The conveyor should generally be started under no-load conditions. When several belt conveyors are installed in sequence, a lockable starting device should be used in order to start and stop in a certain order through the central control room. In addition, in order to prevent unexpected accidents, each conveyor should also be equipped with on-site start or stop buttons, which can stop any one of them individually. In order to prevent the conveyor belt from being torn longitudinally for some reason, when the conveyor length exceeds 30m, a stop button should be installed at a certain distance (such as 25-30m) along the entire length of the conveyor.
- Installation of belt conveyor
- The installation of the belt conveyor is generally carried out in the following stages.
- 1. Install the frame of the belt conveyor. The installation of the frame starts from the head frame, then installs the middle frames of each section in sequence, and finally installs the tail frame. Before installing a rack, first pull the centerline over the entire length of the conveyor. Keeping the centerline of the conveyor on the straight line is an important condition for the normal operation of the conveyor belt, so when installing each section of the rack, you must Align the centerline, and also level the rack. The allowable error of the rack to the centerline is ± 0.1mm per meter. However, the error of the center of the rack over the entire length of the conveyor must not exceed 35mm. After all the single sections are installed and correctly located, the individual sections can be connected.
- 2. Installing the driving device When installing the driving device, care must be taken to make the transmission shaft of the belt conveyor perpendicular to the centerline of the belt conveyor, so that the center of the width of the driving roller coincides with the centerline of the conveyor, and the axis of the reducer and the transmission axis parallel. At the same time, all shafts and rollers should be leveled. The horizontal error of the shaft is allowed in the range of 0.5-1.5mm according to the width of the conveyor. When installing the driving device, a tensioning device such as a tail wheel can be installed. The roller axis of the tensioning device should be perpendicular to the center line of the belt conveyor.
- 3. Install the supporting rollers After the rack, transmission and tensioning devices are installed, the supporting roller frames of the upper and lower supporting rollers can be installed, so that the conveyor belt has a slowly curved arc, and the distance between the supporting rollers of the turning section is normal. 1/2 to 1/3 of the roller frame spacing. After the rollers are installed, they should be flexible and brisk.
- 4. Final alignment of the belt conveyor In order to ensure that the conveyor belt always runs on the centerline of the rollers and rollers, the following requirements must be met when installing the rollers, racks and rollers:
- 1) All the supporting rollers must be in a row, parallel to each other, and kept horizontal and horizontal.
- 2) All the rollers are lined up in parallel.
- 3) The supporting structure must be straight and horizontal. For this reason, after the installation of the driving roller and the roller frame, the centerline and level of the conveyor should be finally adjusted.
- 5. Then fix the rack to the foundation or floor. After the belt conveyor is fixed, feeding and discharging devices can be installed.
- 6. Hanging the conveyor belt When hanging the conveyor belt, first lay the conveyor belt on the idler rollers, and then surround the drive rollers, and then lay it on the idler rollers. Hanging belt can use 0.5-1.5t hand winch. When tightening the strap for connection, the roller of the tensioning device should be moved to the extreme position, the trolley and the spiral tensioning device should be moved toward the transmission device; and the vertical picking device should be moved to the top . Before tightening the conveyor belt, the reducer and motor should be installed, and the braking device should be installed on the inclined conveyor.
- 7. After the belt conveyor is installed, an idling test machine is required. In the idling test machine, it is necessary to pay attention to the deviation of the conveyor belt during operation, the operating temperature of the driving part, the movement of the rollers, the tightness of the contact between the cleaning device and the guide plate and the surface of the conveyor belt. Make the necessary adjustments and test the machine with load only after all components are normal. If a screw-type tensioning device is used, when the test machine is running under load, its tightness must be adjusted again.
- Third, the maintenance of the belt conveyor
- In order to ensure the reliable operation of the belt conveyor, the most important thing is to find and eliminate the possible faults in time. To this end, the operator must observe the working condition of the transporter at any time, and if any abnormality is found, it should be handled in time. It is important that mechanics regularly inspect and inspect any situation or component that requires attention. For example, a roller is not very important, but a high-speed conveyor belt that transports worn materials may quickly wear through its shell, and a blade may appear, which may seriously damage an expensive conveyor belt. Trained workers or experienced staff can detect impending accidents in time and prevent them before they occur. The conveyor belt of a belt conveyor accounts for a considerable proportion of the entire conveyor cost. In order to reduce the cost of replacing and repairing the conveyor belt, we must attach importance to the training of operators and maintenance personnel on the operation and maintenance of the conveyor belt.
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