What Are the Different Types of Hazardous Waste Transportation?

Since the promulgation of the National Plan for the Construction of Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facilities in 2004 (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") and the special rectification of hazardous chemical safety nationwide in 2003, the entire process of hazardous waste management and safe disposal has caused all sectors of society Universal attention. Through actual investigation, it was found that in all aspects of the entire process of hazardous waste management and disposal, the collection and transportation links are most prone to accidents and pose the greatest threat to the environment and human safety.

Technical specifications for collection, storage and transportation of hazardous waste

Right!

Since the promulgation of the National Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facility Construction Plan in 2004 (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") and the 2003 nationwide special rectification of hazardous chemical safety,

"Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage and Transportation of Hazardous Waste" (draft for comments)

Compilation background

At present, in addition to the set of regulations on packaging and transportation of dangerous goods that have been issued by the transportation department, China has not specifically

Part I General Provisions

Purpose, scope and general requirements for the preparation of this technical specification

Part II terminology

Definition of technical terms involved in the specification

Part III Preparation Basis

National standards and documents cited

Collection of hazardous waste

This chapter consists of two subsections, including general requirements for collectors and requirements for producers. Hazardous waste generators must do it in accordance with the requirements of Section 2 and package it in accordance with the packaging requirements for hazardous wastes. Negotiate with the transporter to clarify the division of responsibilities for transport preparation and cooperate with the transporter to complete the transfer of hazardous waste.

Part 5. Packaging of hazardous waste

The first section specifies the general requirements for the packaging of hazardous wastes, including the special requirements for containers of different forms of waste, the requirements for compatibility between containers and waste, and the requirements for sealing conditions. The second section specifies the national unified identification of hazardous waste collection and transportation, including the content, pattern, size, and identification of the content. Section III sets out the classification of packaging and the requirements of the Ministry of Transport on packaging for transport of dangerous goods, and makes corresponding provisions for the packaging of water, rail and road transportation of hazardous wastes.

Section 6. Storage of hazardous waste

This section specifies the general requirements for the storage of hazardous waste, as well as the location of hazardous waste storage facilities, the design of storage facilities, the design and construction of storage facilities, the determination of storage facility signs, the operation and management of storage facilities, safety protection, and storage facilities. Monitoring, closure of storage facilities, etc.

Section VII Transport of Hazardous Waste

This section mainly puts forward the relevant requirements for the transportation of hazardous wastes. Based on the hazardous waste transfer coupon issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, clear and detailed regulations are made in three aspects: road transportation, water transportation, and railway transportation.

Part VIII Emergency

This part of the preplan mainly stipulates the establishment of emergency institutions, emergency response procedures, and the funding mechanism for the entire process of emergency response operations.

Part IX Collection, Storage and Transportation of Several Special Hazardous Wastes

This section makes corresponding regulations for the collection, storage, and transportation of three special hazardous wastes, medical waste, PCB-containing waste, and waste lead-acid batteries.

5. Some main considerations in the specification process

The level of the country's fundamental laws and regulations has been improved. The Solid Waste Law has general requirements for the collection, transportation, and storage of hazardous wastes. The hazardous waste business license system is an authoritative qualification certification that has formed a high threshold. The market access mechanism stipulates which units and individuals are qualified to deal with hazardous wastes; the management method of hazardous waste transfer coupons runs through the entire process from generation to final disposal of hazardous wastes, so that the fate of hazardous wastes can be effectively tracked and controlled through transfer coupons And keep the record. However, under the framework of the above regulations, China still lacks corresponding standards and regulations for collection, storage, and transportation, and the special material form of hazardous waste can only be roughly referenced to implement similar regulations in the transportation department. Looking at the current status of hazardous waste management abroad, both the United States and Europe have long explored and summarized their experiences and formed their relatively complete technical management system for hazardous waste collection, packaging, transportation and storage. Although European countries and China are facing the same problem, that is, the integration of hazardous waste packaging, transportation, packaging of dangerous goods, and technical specifications of transportation, but after all, the specific technical specification system is complete and worthy of our study and reference.

5.1 Clarify the applicability of this technical specification and practical problems to be solved

According to the characteristics of the hazardous waste collection, storage and transportation links, the specific technical specifications are clarified. For example, there are many modes of transportation, including waterways, railways, and highways. Each mode of transportation has its advantages and disadvantages, and the packaging levels and technical regulations required by different modes of transportation are different. The purpose of this specification is to clarify the packaging method for each mode of transport and the specific identification of each package.

As the 31 comprehensive hazardous waste disposal plants to be built and most of the hazardous waste disposal plants in operation are comprehensive centralized disposal plants, the service area is very large, and collection, transportation and transfer are inevitable. At present, the country lacks specialized dangers. Specific specifications on the allocation of waste transportation vehicles and hazardous waste transfer facilities. Adding this content can meet the needs of implementing the national planning for the construction of hazardous waste and medical waste disposal facilities. The characteristics of general industrial wastes and special hazardous wastes are quite different, and the collection, storage, and transportation processes should also have different regulations. Many aspects require the introduction of a more professional, more specific, and operable technical specification.

The promulgation of this technical specification is directly targeted at the actual needs of existing hazardous waste collection, storage, and transportation fields, in order to provide technical and management basis for solving related problems in this field.

5.2 To solve the problems unique to China's hazardous waste collection process

At present, the National Hazardous Waste Inventory can be used to guide the classification of hazardous wastes. However, this list divides hazardous wastes into 47 categories and more than 600 types. They are not easy to operate, and the actual operation still uses 9 hazardous characteristics similar to Europe. Classification. The state's current hazardous waste declaration and registration system has enabled environmental protection departments to grasp the situation of key pollution sources in each region, but because there is no clear definition of the responsibilities of collectors and producers, and no authoritative regulations on the technical details of the collection process , Can not be relied on, resulting in two situations.

The first is the poor operating conditions of the enterprise, and the long-term storage of wastes makes it impossible to take action on the wastes that have caused pollution. In recent years, incidents of environmental pollution and human poisoning caused by the units that produce, store and use hazardous wastes due to failure to properly dispose of their stocks and hazardous wastes after conversion, suspension, dissolution, or dissolution have occurred from time to time. Bring serious hidden dangers. In order to effectively prevent such incidents, the technical specifications propose that units that produce, store, and use hazardous wastes should be safely transferred and disposed of, and clean up the site in accordance with relevant national regulations. Standards and specifications, monitoring the soil and groundwater in the factory area, and reporting the results to the environmental protection administrative department at or above the county level for the record. In addition, the transportation cost of hazardous wastes without a clear owner is also a problem that must be resolved. This technical specification addresses the above issues.

Second, the small-scale producers are operating without a license and operating illegally, which leads to the complicated flow of hazardous wastes and the serious loss. Most of them have not achieved separate collection and no special packaging and containers. In fact, there are precedents and solutions for this phenomenon. The American management model can be used as a reference.

Compared with the United States and Europe, China's hazardous waste management model is more suitable for the United States. The reason is that European countries have relatively small land areas and there are many problems with the transboundary movement of wastes. For example, only a few countries have facilities for hazardous waste incineration and landfilling. The situation in the United States is similar to that in China. The most important thing is that we have been leading us in the field of hazardous waste collection for many years, and basically formed a scientific and feasible management model. We will initially establish a technical management model for hazardous waste collection in China through a study of US technical guidelines and related regulations.

5.3 Packaging and transportation of hazardous waste should be determined based on the regulations of the transportation department

The environmental protection department and the transportation department have integrated all technical regulations on packaging and transportation of hazardous wastes. As the Ministry of Communications of China has issued the General Technical Conditions for the Packaging of Dangerous Goods (GB12463-90), hazardous wastes are still dangerous goods during the transportation process. In the absence of technical specifications on packaging and transportation of hazardous wastes in China, , Can only be implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of the transportation department. However, the definitions of dangerous goods and hazardous wastes are different, and these regulations are only from the perspective of traffic safety. There are no specific regulations on environmental pollution control in the packaging and transportation of hazardous wastes. It is inevitable that there will be omissions in the implementation of specific operations, and it will inevitably appear that the legal provisions do not conform to the actual operation. In order to effectively control the impact of hazardous waste on the environmental pollution and human health during the packaging and transportation process, the environmental protection department should formulate specific technical specifications on the premise that the existing regulations of the transportation department do not conflict with the principles. The scope of the code is clearly defined as hazardous waste, not dangerous goods. Focusing on transportation safety issues, environmental pollution control, personal protection of operators and emergency response, it is not a requirement for the above four situations, but a comprehensive specification of the packaging and transportation technology. To minimize the above three risks.

5.4 In line with international practice, uniformly regulate packaging and labeling

The packaging and labeling of dangerous goods in the standards implemented by European countries are very close to China's existing packaging and transportation labels, and they are also very close to the packaging and labeling of hazardous waste in China's "Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard" (GB18597). In view of the fact that China has signed several international conventions, in order to consider long-term, in the process of packaging and transporting hazardous wastes, it is still necessary to consider borrowing from foreign regulations in accordance with the principle of uniform packaging and labeling.

5.5 The packaging requirements for different modes of transport are significantly different and should be given separately

Depending on the type of waste, the mode of transportation of the waste, and the length of the transportation distance, the packaging requirements for waste also vary greatly. Excessive packaging will undoubtedly increase the overall cost of waste disposal, and substandard packaging will bring greater risks to transportation. The packaging of special hazardous waste should be implemented in accordance with special regulations. For example, medical waste, PCB packaging, etc.

Cars can be directly collected and transported for loading and unloading, and have the flexibility to adapt to changing conditions. In addition, the initial investment and use costs are relatively low, and the driver is also easy to deploy, which is the most used method. However, automobile transportation is susceptible to road traffic conditions. It is affected by comprehensive factors such as highway conditions, high variability of the route, weather, day and night, and driver's physical condition. It is also accompanied by problems with automobile exhaust, noise, vibration, and environmental damage along the line. As the transportation distance increases, there is a problem that the transportation efficiency decreases. Railway transportation can transport hazardous wastes at container stations throughout the country. The advantage is that it is relatively safe and has a large volume of transportation. It has obvious advantages when it is transported long distances and in large quantities. The disadvantages are that it is limited by the running time of the vehicle, and the small amount of hazardous waste is difficult to use. It has higher requirements on the cargo station, complicated transfer procedures, and embargoes on individual special hazardous waste. Large companies directly managed by individual countries have internal railway lines, and the transfer of goods to and from national public railways has not yet been standardized. It is feared that due to the inability of professional managers of hazardous wastes to intervene in the transfer process, inexperienced staff will perform the transfer operation. Risk of secondary pollution and personal health hazards.

Ships can transport large quantities of goods over long distances, which is also cheaper than other modes of transportation. The advantage is that it is rarely affected by land transportation and is most suitable for seaside enterprises to transport waste to the seaside disposal plant. The disadvantage is that the transportation mode is affected by weather, the loading and unloading of goods and shipping are time-consuming and laborious, and the investment in facilities renovation is huge. Constraints.

Each of the above three modes of transportation has advantages and disadvantages, and the level of packaging and technical requirements for packaging are also inconsistent. Therefore, in this technical specification, corresponding provisions are made for these three modes of transportation.

5.6 Safety is a core issue in the transportation process

During the collection and transportation process, traffic accidents are most likely to occur, and secondary pollution is most likely to occur. During the transfer process of hazardous waste, pollution accidents caused by discarding and scatter repeatedly occur, which has caused widespread concern from all walks of life. Since it is impossible to prevent accidents from happening at zero rates, it is important to minimize them. In addition, the storage, collection, and transportation of some hazardous wastes are prolonged, which may accelerate the decomposition, decomposition and deterioration of some organic wastes, and also generate odors and harmful gases, which affect human health. There are not only harmful substances in the waste, but also many chemically unstable substances. During collection and transportation, the material of the packaging container must be adapted to the characteristics of the converted waste. It also puts forward clear and professional regulations for the personal protection of operators and the safety protection of the workplace, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the environment and protecting human health and safety.

5.7 Improve the efficiency of collection and transportation under financial, human and mechanical constraints

If the collection, storage and transportation of hazardous wastes are strictly implemented in accordance with this standard, the costs incurred must be increased. The main factors involved are as follows:

Increased distance from intermediate processing facilities or final disposal plants to collection sites;

Due to the improvement of transportation quality, the cost of expressways has increased; the traffic congestion in major cities has become increasingly serious, and the traffic situation has deteriorated, which has reduced the collection and transportation efficiency;

The variety, nature, and status of hazardous wastes affect the collection and transportation efficiency;

According to different waste situations, different collection and transportation machinery should be selected.

Therefore, under the conditions of financial, human, and mechanical constraints, how to improve the efficiency of collection and transportation is an important issue that must be faced by hazardous waste transportation management departments and hazardous waste collection and transportation units.

6. Some provisions of this technical specification

This section explains in accordance with the order of the technical specification texts, and the order and writing of related titles are the same as the original.

1 General

1.1 This clause elaborates the basic purpose of formulating this technical specification, and clarifies the main goal of formulating this technical specification, that is, to realize the safety of the technical and management behaviors of hazardous waste collection, storage, and transportation processes, and to protect human health.

1.2 This clause clarifies the scope of application of this technical specification. It includes general hazardous wastes and special hazardous wastes. It is stipulated that the collection, storage and transportation of special hazardous wastes shall also comply with corresponding special regulations and management regulations.

2 terms

In this chapter, with reference to relevant national regulations and standards, the definitions and descriptions of relevant terms appearing in this technical specification are made.

2.5 The definition of hazardous waste storage uses calendar days instead of working days. The reason is that off days and hazardous waste are also at risk.

3 Normative references

In this chapter, the main laws and regulations referenced by this technical specification as well as the current standards and specifications are listed.

4 Collection of hazardous waste

4.1 General requirements

Regarding the content of the producers, it is not only that they are registered as producers of hazardous wastes. In fact, as long as hazardous wastes are produced, they are hazardous waste producers.

Article 4.1.7, the provisions on the units that produce, store and use hazardous wastes that are closed, shut down, merged or converted are mainly based on the provisions of Article 14 of the Measures for the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Discarded Dangerous Chemicals, In the event that the production, storage, or use unit of a chemical is converted, discontinued, closed, or dissolved, the hazardous chemical production or storage equipment, inventory products, and production materials shall be properly disposed of in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Safety of Dangerous Chemicals, and In accordance with the relevant national environmental protection standards and regulations, test the soil and groundwater in the plant area, prepare an environmental risk assessment report, and report it to the environmental protection department at or above the county level for record .... After completing the environmental restoration of the polluted site, the environmental protection inspection agency should be entrusted The restored site shall be tested, and the test report shall be reported to the environmental protection department at or above the county level for record. "And Article 17" ... if there is no clear person responsible for the waste hazardous chemicals collected or the person incapable of bearing the disposal costs, And received hazardous hazardous chemicals turned over by the public. The administrative department in charge of the application to the fiscal costs of disposal. "

4.2 Requirements for hazardous waste producers

Because "disposal" has a legal meaning, most producers do not dispose of it themselves, but entrust it to a licensed enterprise. Therefore, this technical specification proposes that the producer must independently complete or entrust the disposal of hazardous waste within the time limit uniformly required by the local environmental protection administrative department.

5 Packaging of hazardous waste

5.1 Packaging of hazardous waste

5.1.10 Packaging containers and bags should be made of materials compatible with the contents (non-reactive). Packaging containers must be strong and not easily broken, and have good impermeability. The purpose is that many plastics are also high-quality packaging materials, so long as they meet relevant requirements, they can be used for hazardous waste packaging.

5.2 Identification of hazardous waste

For the marking of hazardous waste, this technical specification proposes that the size of "hazardous waste" should not be less than 1/20 of the label area. If it is a small label, each word should be at least about 5mm high. The size of the symbol displayed on the label should not be less than 1/20 of the label area. In any case, it should not be less than 500mm2. The minimum size should be 25mm × 25mm.

Considering that the waste labels of some joint ventures need to be compared in Chinese and English, and the content is more, the labels are larger. The above article stipulates that the size of the symbol displayed on the label should not be less than 1/20 of the label area.

5.3 Special requirements for packaging by different modes of transport

The General Technical Conditions for Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging (GB12463) provides that when specifically determining the packaging level of hazardous wastes, packaging of hazardous wastes is classified according to the strength of the packaging structure and the protective performance and the degree of danger of the contents. To meet the packaging form and performance requirements of the corresponding packaging. This section is referenced. (1) Road transportation packaging is more flexible than railway and water transportation because of road transportation. However, from the perspective of road and rail transportation safety, road accidents occur more frequently in China, especially It is a large proportion in the transportation of hazardous waste. The main reasons are: a transport company or driver who does not have the qualification to transport dangerous goods privately transports dangerous goods; the driver is driving tiredly and driving illegally; the vehicle is not completely repaired; a traffic accident caused by bad weather. Therefore, in terms of packaging requirements, road transport packaging is the most stringent.

(2) Water transport packaging

An article is added here. In order to ensure that the turnover box (barrel) containing medical waste will not sink to the bottom after an accidental water fall, this technical specification proposes that the load proportion of the turnover box (barrel) should be less than 1 × 103kg / m3. . Reflects the particularity of water transportation. Other aspects are similar to road transportation, and it is sufficient to meet the requirements of water transportation.

(3) Railway transportation packaging Railway transportation is relatively safe during transportation, and the possibility of traffic accidents along the way is relatively small. Judging from the railway transportation situation at home and abroad in the past 20 years, the possibility of a traffic accident along the train itself is relatively small, and the safety factor is the highest. An analysis of major railway accidents in the past 20 years shows that most of the accidents occurred on passenger trains (mainly a few passengers carried flammable and explosives on board); the accidents on freight trains were mainly caused by natural disasters and other human factors. less. Railway transportation is basically based on containers, and the packaging requirements are the lowest compared to the other two.

6 Storage of hazardous waste

This section specifies the basic principles for the construction of hazardous waste facilities, the design and construction of storage facilities, the signs of hazardous waste storage facilities, the operation and management of storage facilities, safety protection and monitoring, and the closure of storage facilities. Further deepen and refine based on the pollution control standards for hazardous waste storage.

6.5 Signage of storage facilities

6.5.2 When storing two or more different levels of hazardous waste in the same area, the performance mark of the highest level of hazardous waste shall be used.

Refer to "General Rules for Storage of Common Dangerous Chemicals GB 15603-1995" 4.6 When storing two or more different grades of dangerous goods in the same area, the performance mark of the highest grade dangerous goods should be used.

6.6 Technical standards and requirements for hazardous waste storage

Units engaged in the storage of hazardous waste must obtain an analysis report of the physical and chemical properties of the hazardous waste sample issued by a qualified unit, and can only accept it after it is determined that it can be stored. See Article 7.1 of the Standard for Pollution Control of Hazardous Waste Storage.

7 Transportation of hazardous waste

The technical specifications also propose that the on-board personnel must be equipped to carry out frequent inspections on the way. If any hazardous waste is lost or stolen, it should be immediately reported to the local transportation and environmental protection department, and the transportation department in conjunction with the public security department and environmental protection department should investigate and deal with it. Here is a typical reflection of the importance of multi-sector coordination and cooperation in transportation.

7.2.8 "Drivers should take a break of more than 20 minutes for 4 consecutive hours at a time, and the actual driving time within 24 hours should not exceed 8 hours." The basis is as follows: Article 29 of the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport" Cargo operators shall strengthen safety education and professional ethics education for employees to ensure road transportation safety. Practitioners of road transportation shall abide by the road transportation operation regulations and shall not operate in violation of regulations. The continuous driving time of the driver must not exceed 4 hours.

With reference to the "Opinions of Public Security Organs on Prevention of Extraordinary Road Traffic Accidents" (Bus Management [2006] No. 61), one, strictly investigate and prosecute traffic violations in accordance with the law, maintain traffic order, and ensure traffic safety. Intensify inspections of fatigue driving violations. In the main passenger transportation lines, especially the inter-provincial long-distance passenger transportation lines and tourist routes, the driving time of passenger vehicles, especially long-distance passenger vehicles, must be strictly checked and registered. Passenger car driver rest points shall be set up in conditions such as highway service areas. For those who have been driving continuously for more than 4 hours, the driver shall be ordered to stop and rest for more than 20 minutes. 8 emergency plan

This technical specification aims to solve practical problems, and specifically proposes the content and requirements of emergency plans, including emergency procedures and methods.

Collection, transportation and storage of several special hazardous wastes

9.1 Collection, transportation and storage of medical waste

(1) Medical waste classification and packaging

Yellow plastic bags are used to package infectious waste; disposable sharps boxes are used for sharps and damaging waste; infectious waste is packaged in red plastic bags to show eye-catching and different from other medical waste, in order to avoid infectious waste plastic bags during transportation Pollution accidents caused by rupture in the process or rupture of packaging bags caused by unclear classification of sharps remaining in the waste. In addition to the red infectious waste plastic bag, a cardboard box printed with the word "infectious waste" was added.

The above packaged medical waste is placed in a turnover box that meets the requirements, and is transported to a qualified processing plant for disposal by a special transport vehicle. At present, this packaging regulation has been successfully implemented for many years in Tianjin's centralized collection, transportation, and treatment of medical waste, and it is safe and reliable.

(2) Medical waste collection

When medical waste fills 3/4 of the container, it should be removed in time. Medical waste bags can only be removed after being labeled with the name of the point of production (hospitals and wards) and the type of waste. After medical waste is incorrectly placed in a bag or container, it should not be corrected by removing the waste, nor should one bag be placed in another bag of a different color.

Medical waste with a high content of heavy metals (such as Cd or Hg) should be collected separately. Domestic garbage and medical waste are accidentally mixed, and the mixed waste should be collected as medical waste. A large amount of chemical and pharmaceutical waste generated by the hospital is strictly prohibited to be sent to non-incineration plants.

(3) Transportation of medical waste

The off-site transportation of medical waste shall meet the requirements of Chapter IV of the Medical Waste Transport in the Technical Specifications for Centralized Disposal of Medical Waste (Huanfa [2003] No. 206). The transfer truck used to transport medical waste should meet the requirements of the National Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Transfer Truck (GB19217-2003). Medical waste transport vehicles should be cleaned daily and disinfected with a suitable disinfectant. All containers should be covered and intact at the end of shipping. Trolleys can no longer be used for other purposes, and should meet the conditions of easy loading and unloading, sharp edges and easy cleaning.

(4) Storage of medical waste The storage of medical waste should meet the "Technical Specifications for Centralized Disposal of Medical Waste" (Huanfa [2003] No. 206)

Chapter II requirements.

9.2 Collection, transportation and storage of PCB-containing wastes

(1) Collection of PCB-containing waste

The subject of collection must have a state-approved operating permit for the collection of PCB waste. The subject must organize a professional collection team, with professional management personnel, and formulate strict rules and regulations. Based on site surveys, inquiries and surveys, and the clearing area and depth determined, the PCBs storage point pollutant removal plan must be formulated; the PCBs storage point removal plan must be organized by the provincial environmental protection department and relevant experts, and the storage area's local environmental protection department Only after the owner's unit has reviewed and passed the implementation. During the retrieval and cleaning process, PCBs pollutants are strictly prohibited from spreading to the environment, and effective technical guarantee measures are taken to prevent secondary pollution. The physical health of on-site staff must be protected from PCBs poisoning.

If the PCBs content in the soil is higher than 50mg / kg, the soil should be transported away during the clearing and transportation, and the scope of the clearing and transportation should be determined according to the PCB content in the soil. When clearing, the surrounding area must be cleared according to the groundwater level and flow direction. Excavation, packing and marking of light and heavily polluted soils were carried out in accordance with the clearance plan. After the construction of the on-site machinery is completed, the construction machinery is repeatedly rubbed with the surface-impregnated loops, and the loops are collected as heavy pollutants. Small tools and personal protective equipment are collected as heavy pollutants.

Sampling and analysis of the on-site environment should be performed after the removal and removal. Before the monitoring results are not reported, the landfill site needs to be protected for safety protection and anti-water accumulation. If the monitoring results do not meet the requirements of national standards, the parts that do not meet the requirements must be cleared again. If the monitoring results meet the relevant national standards, a cleaning and transportation review report should be prepared. Provincial environmental protection authorities organize relevant experts, monitoring units and The personnel of relevant departments convened a review meeting for clearance work and received confirmation.

The construction unit shall complete the work of backfilling the excavation site, restoring the original appearance of the ground surface, returning it to the owner unit, and archiving all the data related to the collection work after the clearance work is approved. The cleaned up storage sites shall be regularly monitored by the provincial environmental protection department, and the monitoring period shall be longer than five years. All PCB collection and transportation personnel must pass the professional knowledge training and assessment organized by the state before they can take up their posts.

(2) Packaging containing PCB waste

Solid PCBs waste is packed and unloaded in pallets as it enters the warehouse. For PCBs oil and highly polluting liquids, they are transported by pumps to special sealed iron drums. Power capacitors should be packed in thick plastic film bags, one bag each, and 3-6 capacitors should be placed in a 200L large-mouth iron bucket or plastic bucket, which is lined with a thick plastic film bag; The broken sarcophagus and the heavily polluted soil around the storage site were put into a 200L large-mouth iron bucket or plastic bucket lined with a double-layer thick plastic film bag, and the mouth was sealed.

For transformers containing PCBs, if the equipment is not damaged, disassembly is prohibited, and they should be placed in a metal tray and bundled firmly before transportation. If the equipment is damaged, the transformer oil should be drained out, packed in a metal bucket and sealed, and transported with the empty transformer case.

PCBs oil should be packed in 10L plastic pots. After sealing, several are put into 200L iron drums or plastic drums lined with plastic bags. The contaminated liquid is packed in 200L small-mouth plastic drums. Contaminated soil should be packed in 200L iron drums or plastic drums lined with plastic bags; lightly polluted soils with a moisture content of less than 50% should be packed in impervious woven bags.

The soil excavated in different areas should be packed separately and marked with the date, type of pollutants, weight, location and personnel. Pack the hoisting capacitor in a packing bag in time, and then transfer it to the packing barrel. After the drum is full, it should be punctured, sealed and marked.

(3) Transportation of PCB-containing waste

The transportation of highly polluting PCBs waste should be by road or rail. No secondary loading or unloading is allowed from the loading to the destination unloading. Loading and unloading sites must have operating conditions dedicated to PCBs waste transfer, and have professional operators.

When transporting, 200L packaging containers of encapsulated PCBs with heavy pollutants should be placed on pallets in groups of four, packaged with a steel belt baler, and affixed with hazardous waste warning signs; woven bags that encapsulate PCBs with light pollutants It should be put on a pallet and packed with a steel belt baler, and affixed with a warning sign of hazardous waste. The transportation vehicles are transported by box trucks with qualifications for the transportation of hazardous chemicals, and the hazardous waste signs are affixed in a conspicuous position outside the carriage.

Rail transport must be carried in containers, and hazardous waste signs must be affixed to prominent locations outside the boxes. Highways with high concentrations of PCBs pollutants should choose highways and high-standard highways.

Personnel involved in the transportation of heavy pollutants from PCBs must be specially trained. Avoid traffic accidents. Transport vehicles must travel in formation, and bicycles must not leave the fleet. The first and last cars have wireless communication to keep in touch. When planning your trip, you must consider spending the night in the highway service area. Here, in order to prevent secondary pollution caused by entering the urban area, the vehicle can be prevented from theft and time can be saved.

Guards are on duty at night to ensure safety. Equipped with GPS satellite positioning equipment to determine the fleet position at any time. The convoy should be equipped with motor vehicles, equipped with emergency tools, personal protective equipment and packaging materials.

The emergency procedures should clearly stipulate the following: disposal of damaged packaging, collection of pollutants after diarrhea, handling in traffic accidents, handling in fire accidents, handling in floods, first aid after poisoning by personnel, and on-site assistance Contact information.

(4) Storage of PCB-containing waste is strictly prohibited. According to the needs of disposal, temporary storage warehouses should be constructed in different regions.

PCBs waste that cannot be disposed of temporarily should be stored in a special storage warehouse, and warning signs should be set up, and the storage period should not exceed the period prescribed by the state. Units storing PCBs waste need to have corresponding permits. Waste transfer should strictly follow the national hazardous waste transfer single bill system. Units engaged in PCBs waste storage must obtain a sample physical and chemical property analysis report issued by a qualified unit, and can only receive it after it is determined that it can be stored. At the same time, PCBs wastes should be inspected before storage to ensure that they are consistent with the hazardous wastes scheduled to be received and registered.

PCBs waste generators and storage operators must keep a record of the waste situation. The records must indicate the status, source, quantity, characteristics of the PCBs waste, the type of packaging container, date of storage, storage location, and waste out Date and receiving unit name. Do not accept PCBs waste that has not been affixed or has not been filled in as required. PCBs waste records and coupons should be retained for three years after the hazardous waste is retrieved. Wastes of the same kind of solid PCBs can be stored in stacks. There must be isolation measures between PCBs wastes in different states, and there must be a transport channel between each stack. The stored packaging containers and storage facilities must be inspected regularly. If damage is found, measures should be taken to clean up and replace them in a timely manner. The storage room should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment, and it must be guarded by a person for 24 hours.

The storage management staff should receive the following training before taking up their posts: the specific operating requirements for waste reception, handling and storage; the normal operation of the storage, including the startup and shutdown of related equipment, how to keep the equipment in good operation; the storage Inspection and elimination of equipment operation failures; emergency treatment in accidents or emergencies, as well as safety protection and emergency evacuation; daily and regular maintenance of storage-related equipment; filling in operation and maintenance records, filling in records and reports of accidents and other events

9.3 Collection, transportation and storage of waste lead-acid batteries

(1) Collection of waste lead-acid batteries

The collection of waste lead-acid batteries must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the State's "Hazardous Waste Transfer Commitment System". The producer must meet the requirements in the general collection specification. Collectors must have a "Hazardous Waste Business Permit" for the collection of waste lead-acid batteries and have complete pollution prevention facilities. The collector must not disassemble and discharge the electrolyte before the battery is transported to the disposal site.

Collectors can build a battery storage library in the collection area to facilitate battery transfer. The construction of temporary storage must meet the requirements of battery storage. When collecting the withdrawn electrolyte, it must be packed in an acid-resistant container to prevent accidents. Removed lead materials should be collected after packaging. Collectors are prohibited from transferring waste batteries to units and individuals without a waste battery disposal business license.

(2) Packaging of waste lead-acid batteries

Before transportation, acid-proof packaging must be done, and the electrolyte must not be withdrawn. The container used for the packaging of intact waste batteries should have a certain strength to meet the requirements of transportation. The material of the packaging container must not cause any leakage. Packaging containers must be clearly marked and marked in size. The content should meet the requirements of the General Technical Conditions for Transport Packaging of Dangerous Goods (GB12463) and the Standard for Pollution Control of Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597).

During transportation, the container should not slide, it should be tightly packed and stowed. During transportation, it must be marked with correct symbols, colors and meanings in accordance with international conventions and national laws and regulations, and its corrosiveness and danger must be warned.

(3) Transportation of waste lead-acid batteries

Avoid leakage accidents during transportation. Regardless of the transport method used, the used batteries must be transported in a container, and the requirements of the container should meet the relevant requirements. The transporter should truthfully complete and report the hazardous waste transfer coupon. Vehicles must be equipped with satellite positioning systems to control the transportation of hazardous waste. The transporter may receive the waste from the producer or other transporters and temporarily store it, and the storage period shall not exceed 10 days.

The transport unit must be qualified to transport hazardous waste. The transport vehicle must be capable of taking emergency measures. The transport unit must have the ability to handle ruptures, leaks, or other accidents in the packaging of hazardous waste. The waste battery must not be crushed or pulverized before and during the packaging and transportation of the waste battery to ensure its structural integrity to prevent leakage and pollution of harmful components in the battery.

The transboundary movement of used batteries should comply with the requirements of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste. Domestic transfers shall comply with the requirements of the "Administrative Measures for the Transfer of Hazardous Wastes" and other relevant regulations. The environmental protection administrative supervision and management departments at all levels shall control the flow of waste batteries in accordance with the "Measures for the Management of the Transfer of Hazardous Wastes" designated by the state and localities, and prohibit the loss during the transfer.

(4) Storage of waste lead-acid batteries

The storage of waste batteries should refer to the relevant regulations in the "Control Standards for Pollution Control of Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597). When using a container to store used batteries, they should be classified according to whether they are intact, and the containers must be labeled with the labels required by national standards. The storage room shall have impervious acid-proof floors and skirt corners, and shall be provided with appropriate fire prevention devices and gas discharge devices.

7. references

Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection (December 26, 1989)

Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes (April 1, 2005)

Measures for the Administration of Hazardous Waste Business Permits Order No. 408 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

Administrative Measures for the Transfer of Hazardous Wastes (October 1, 1999)

Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals (Order of the State Council of the People's Republic of China No. 344)

Technical Policy on Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention and Control (Huanfa [2001] No. 199) GB 18597

Hazardous waste storage pollution control standard GB5085.1-3

National Hazardous Wastes Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes (Huanfa [1998] No. 089)

GB15562.2 Environmental Protection Graphic Signs-Solid Waste Storage (Disposal) Site

GB 15603 general rules for storage of commonly used chemical hazardous waste

GB / T 15098 Classification Principles of Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging Category

GB12463 General technical conditions for dangerous goods transport packaging

JT 617 Car Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules Waterway Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules (Decree No. 10 of 1996)

Regulations on the Administration of Railway Dangerous Goods Transportation (Tieyun [1995] No. 104)

"Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport" and "Opinions of Public Security Organs on Preventing Major Road Traffic Accidents"

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (May 1992)

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