What Are the Different Types of Indoor Air Pollutants?

Indoor air pollution is a condition in which harmful chemical factors, physical factors, and / or biological factors have entered the indoor air and have reached the level of direct or indirect, near-term or long-term, or potentially harmful effects on human physical and mental health.

indoor environment

From the current detection and analysis, the main sources of indoor air pollutants are the following: building and interior decoration materials, outdoor pollutants, combustion products and human activities. ^[3]

The evaluation of human body's exposure to indoor air pollutants can be measured by individual samplers, so as to grasp the individual's environmental exposure. Human body

With the improvement of living standards and changes in lifestyles, people spend more and more time indoors. The quality of indoor air directly affects people's work and life. Inferior air quality can distract people, reduce work efficiency, and cause severe symptoms such as headache, nausea, fatigue, and skin redness, collectively known as "ill-conditioned building syndrome." People are anxious to improve the worsening living room And office environment to improve the quality of life.

On March 7, 2004, the China Interior Decoration Association summarized nine typical cases of indoor environmental pollution in China over the past three years, and sounded the alarm for everyone concerned about indoor air quality issues.

The first domestic case was sentenced by a case of formaldehyde pollution in interior decoration

In 1998, Mr. Chen purchased a house in Changping, Beijing. After decoration, Mr. Chen suffered from "larynx papillomatosis" due to air pollution. After testing, the concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air exceeded the standard by 25 times! After a court judgment, Mr. Chen was compensated 89,000 yuan.

Consumers receive first compensation for furniture indoor environment case

In 2001, Mr. Yang ordered a set of bedroom furniture worth 6,400 yuan in a furniture store in Beijing. After less than one month of use, Mr. Yang's entire family felt unwell. After testing, in the room where the furniture is stored, the formaldehyde in the air exceeds the national standard by more than 6 times! After mediation by the court, the woodware factory handled the return for Teacher Yang and paid a one-time payment for the goods and associated losses totaling 7,000 yuan.

The first case involving formaldehyde pollution in an outdoor environment

In July 2000, after the renovation of a Beijing office of a law firm in the United States, employees generally felt discomfort such as headaches, suffocation, and tears. After testing, it was found that the formaldehyde in the indoor air exceeded the standard. After the ruling by the International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, the defendant returned 20% of the decoration and 20% of the total amount of decoration and interest to RMB 230,000, eliminating formaldehyde pollution in the office of the Beijing office of the law firm.

Tianjin consumer wins indoor ammonia pollution lawsuit for the first time

In October 1998, Li, a citizen of Tianjin, noticed abnormal indoor air after checking in a new house, and the whole family developed discomfort. Tested, indoor

On average, people spend more than 80% of their time indoors every day. As production and lifestyle become more modern, more work and recreational and sports activities can be performed indoors, and shopping does not have to go to the street every day. The appropriate indoor microclimate prevents people from often going outdoors to adjust the thermal effect. In this way, people s Indoor activity time is even more, even as high as 93%. Therefore, the relationship between indoor air quality and human health becomes closer and more important. Although indoor pollutant concentrations tend to be lower,

Code for indoor environmental pollution control of civil construction projects

The Guidelines for the Control of Indoor Environmental Pollution in Civil Construction Projects is China's first national standard for controlling indoor pollution. The code states that civil buildings must be monitored for indoor environmental quality at the time of completion. Punishment. ^[2]

General

0.1 In order to prevent and control indoor environmental pollution of civil construction projects, protect public health, safeguard public interests, achieve advanced technology, economical and reasonable, and ensure safe and applicable, this code is specially formulated.

0.2 This code is applicable to the environmental pollution control of new construction, expansion and reconstruction of civil construction projects and their interior decoration projects. This code does not apply to structures and civil construction projects with special purification and sanitation requirements.

0.3 Pollutants for pollution control in this code:

Radioactive pollutant radon (Rn-222), chemical pollutants formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC).

0.4 Civil construction projects are divided into the following two categories according to different indoor environmental requirements:

Class civil construction projects: residential, office buildings, hospital wards, elderly buildings, kindergartens, school classrooms and other construction projects;

Civil construction projects: public buildings such as hotels, cultural and entertainment venues, bookstores, libraries, exhibition halls, stadiums, shopping malls (shops), waiting rooms for public transport, waiting rooms for hospitals, restaurants, barber shops.

0.5 The indoor environmental pollution control of civil construction projects shall comply with the relevant national safety, health and environmental protection regulations, and engineering design and construction shall use low-toxic and low-pollution building materials and decoration materials.

0.6 In addition to the indoor environmental pollution control of civil construction projects, in addition to this specification, it should also comply with the relevant national mandatory standards.

Terminology

0.1 civil building

Refers to non-productive residential buildings and public buildings, such as residences, office buildings, kindergartens, schools, cafeterias, theaters, shops, gyms, hotels, hospitals, exhibition halls, etc.

0.2 civil building engineering

Civil construction projects referred to in this code are collectively referred to as civil construction structural projects and renovation projects for new construction, expansion and reconstruction.

0.3 indoor environmental pollution

The phenomenon that radon, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, volatile organic compounds and other gases harmful to human health are mixed into the indoor air.

0.4 standard for indoor air environmental

Limits for the content of harmful pollutants in indoor air.

0.5 standard for building materials

Limits on the content of harmful ingredients in building materials.

Indoor air quality standards

China's first "Indoor Air Quality Standard", which was formulated by the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the State Environmental Protection Administration, and the Ministry of Health, was officially implemented on March 1, 2003. The Standard provides a powerful weapon for consumers to solve their own pollution problems. It is reported that the "Standard" introduces the concept of indoor air quality, and clearly puts forward the requirement that "the indoor air should be non-toxic, harmless and without abnormal smell". The control items specified therein include not only chemical pollution, but also physical, biological and radioactive pollution. Among the chemical pollutants are not only familiar pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, and thallium, but also 13 chemical pollutants such as inhalable particulate matter, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. ^[7]

Foreword

In order to protect human health, prevent and control indoor air pollution, this standard has been formulated.

Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, and Appendix D of this standard are normative appendices.

This standard is issued for the first time.

This standard was drafted by the joint drafting group of "Indoor Air Quality Standards" of the Ministry of Health and the State Environmental Protection Administration.

The main drafters of this standard are: Institute of Environment and Health Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Environmental Standards, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection and Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, School of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, and Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University College, Beijing Institute of Labor Protection, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Building Materials.

This standard was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the Ministry of Health, and the State Environmental Protection Administration on November 19, 2002.

This standard is proposed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.

The interpretation of this standard is the responsibility of the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Health.

1 Scope

This standard specifies indoor air quality parameters and inspection methods.

This standard applies to residential and office buildings. Other indoor environments can be implemented with reference to this standard.

2 Normative references

The clauses in the following documents have become the clauses of this standard after being referenced. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, all parties who have reached an agreement in accordance with this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.

GB / T 9801 Air quality-Determination of carbon monoxide-Non-dispersive infrared method

GB / T 11737 Standard methods for hygienic inspection of benzene, toluene and xylene in the atmosphere of residential areas. Gas chromatography

GB / T 12372 Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Dioxide in the Atmosphere of Residential Area Improved Saltzman Method

GB / T 14582 Standard measurement method for radon in ambient air

GB / T 14668 Air quality-Determination of ammonia-Nessler's reagent colorimetry

GB / T 14669 Air quality-Determination of ammonia-Ion-selective electrode method

GB 14677 Determination of air quality toluene, xylene, styrene by gas chromatography

GB / T 14679 Air quality-Determination of ammonia-Sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry

GB / T 15262 Determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air-Formaldehyde absorption-pararosaniline spectrophotometric method

GB / T 15435 Determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air Saltzman method

GB / T 15437 Determination of ozone in ambient air Sodium indigo disulfonate spectrophotometric method

GB / T 15438 Determination of ozone in ambient air by UV spectrophotometry

GB / T 15439 Determination of benzo [a] pyrene in ambient air by high performance liquid chromatography

GB / T 15516 Air quality-Determination of formaldehyde-Acetylacetone spectrophotometry

GB / T 16128 Standard method for hygienic inspection of atmospheric sulfur dioxide in residential areas Formaldehyde solution absorption-aniline hydrochloride spectrophotometry

GB / T 16129 Standard method for hygienic inspection of formaldehyde in the atmosphere of residential areas Spectrophotometry

GB / T 16147 Measurement method of scintillation flask for radon concentration in air

GB / T 17095 Hygienic standard for inhalable particulate matter in indoor air

GB / T 18204.13 Method for measuring indoor temperature in public places

GB / T 1204.14 Determination method of indoor relative humidity in public places

GB / T 18204.15 Method for measuring indoor air velocity in public places

GB / T 18204.18 Determination of indoor fresh air volume in public places Tracer gas method