What Are the Different Types of Textile Raw Materials?

Natural fibers are textile fibers obtained directly from natural or artificially cultivated plants and from artificially raised animals, and are an important source of materials for the textile industry.

Textile raw materials

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, textile technology had reached a very high level, and the main raw materials were hemp and silk. Breeding silkworms is one of the great inventions recognized worldwide. It spread to Southeast Asia as early as 2000 years ago, to North Korea and Japan more than 1800 years ago, to Central Asia more than 1600 years ago, to Greece more than 1400 years ago, and to Italy 900 years ago. The Italians were inspired by the production of silkworm silk and invented the chemical fiber production technology! From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, a large number of exquisite silk fabrics were exported through land and land, opening up the famous "Silk Road" in history, China Therefore, it was praised as the "land of silk" by the countries of Eurasia.

In the Song and Yuan dynasties, with the extensive cultivation of cotton in the Central Plains and the Yangtze River, the hand-made cotton textile industry developed rapidly, and cotton gradually became the main textile raw material.

Because cotton is suitable for centralized cultivation, high unit yield and good wearability, coupled with the development of cotton textile processing technology, especially since the middle of the 18th century, the steam engine was the driving force and the cotton textile industry was the leading industry. The combination of the two took the lead In Britain, the driving force behind the world s first industrial revolution was formed. Since then, cotton production has become the world s leading textile fiber. Until the 1950s, the cotton and cotton textile industry has been at the center of the world s textile industry. Although silk and wool have a long history, due to various restrictions on breeding conditions and regional environment, the output has been in a weak position and can only exist as a precious textile raw material. Therefore, from the world's first industrial revolution to the middle of the 20th century, the cotton-based textile industry has dominated the world's textile industry for 200 years.

After the end of the Second World War, cellulosic fibers with viscose fibers as the main body and synthetic fibers with "Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic" as the three pillars began to enter industrial production. The birth and development of chemical fiber is a great revolution in the history of the world's textile industry, and it is changing the entire face of the textile industry. In just over 30 years, on the one hand, it has quantitatively pushed the monolithic attribute that the textile industry has depended on for thousands of years to the dual structure system characterized by agricultural and industrial processing; In terms of performance, it can rely on people's wisdom and power to create fibers with unprecedented special functions, making it a basic raw material in industry, agriculture, transportation, medicine and health, and many high-tech fields. The status of the original pure processing industry developed into a composite industry of raw material industry + processing industry [3 |.

People's quality of life is constantly improving, and they are more and more seeking comfortable and environmentally friendly clothing. Natural textile fibers are favored due to the advantages of comfortable wearing, good breathability, health care, antistatic and antibacterial. At the same time, natural textile fibers have biodegradable and renewable characteristics and meet the requirements of clean environmental protection and sustainable development. Fossil resources such as petroleum are constantly drying up. It is foreseeable that natural textile raw materials will become the leading raw materials of the textile industry. Natural textile fibers will maintain a strong market demand, the application of clean natural raw materials refining technology and the development of new natural fiber raw materials will make greater progress. Pure natural bamboo fiber, mulberry fiber, apocynum fiber, pineapple leaf fiber and coconut shell fiber will become common raw materials in the textile industry. ^[1]

The main constituent is protein, also known as natural

Use cellulose, protein, etc.

Fibers manufactured by spinning using artificially synthesized polymer compounds as raw materials.

1. Ordinary synthetic fiber:

New and functional synthetic fibers

Microscopic observation of textile materials

Fiber type / vertical shape / cross-sectional shape

Tencel fiber / smooth / more regular round or oval, with skin core

Modal fiber / 1 or 2 grooves in the longitudinal direction / Irregular waist-like, smoother, leather core

Soy protein fiber / Irregular grooves and islands on the surface / Flat dumbbell shape and waist round shape

Bamboo fiber / grooved surface / zigzag, leather core

Viscose-based chitin fiber / with obvious grooves on the surface / jagged edges, and obvious fine voids in the core layer

Identification of textile raw materials by combustion method

Definition: Burn the fabric on an open flame, observe the deformation of the fiber after heating, the flame condition, the speed of combustion, the odor and color emitted, the shape of the ash and the residue after combustion, and the hardness.

Very easy way:

Cotton, which burns immediately when fired, is fast, showing a yellow flame, slightly off-white smoke and burning paper smell, and the charred embers are soft and dark gray.

Hemp fiber: Similar to cotton, but the ash is off-white.

Wool is not flame-retardant. It will be crimped first. When burning, the fibers will foam. The flame is orange. The protein taste is burning. The burning speed is faster than cotton. There are many ashes. It is not a dark brown shape. Crushed into powder.

Silk: The burning shape is similar to that of wool fibers, and it is rolled into a ball first. The burning speed is faster than wool and the protein taste, but the smell is smaller than wool. After burning it was brown small balls.

Viscose fiber: Similar to cotton, burning faster than cotton, yellow flame, burning paper smell, ashes are gray or light gray.

Polyamide: The melt drips when burning, and the flame is blue. There is black smoke on the top, slightly fragrant smell, ashes are hard, and the fingers are crushed.

Nylon: It is not easy to burn. It will curl up when it sees fire. The melt is transparent gel. It can be pulled out while hot, with the taste of celery. Ashes are not brittle.