What Is a Cone Crusher?
Cone crusher [1] is a crushing machine suitable for raw materials in metallurgy, construction, road construction, chemical and silicate industries. According to different crushing principles and different product particle sizes, it is divided into many models. Crushers are widely used in many sectors such as mining, smelting, building materials, highways, railways, water conservancy and chemical industries. Cone crusher has large crushing ratio, high efficiency, low energy consumption, uniform product size, suitable for medium and fine crushing of various ore and rock. The models are mainly divided into SMG series, spring type and HPC series, and their working principles and structures are introduced respectively. The development history, working principle, composition, influencing factors, technical advantages, operating matters, common failures, inspection and maintenance of the cone crusher are also introduced in detail.
- With the continuous development of mining technology, cone crushers are also divided into several types, including spring cone crushers, rolling cone crushers, hydraulic cone crushers and composite cone crushers according to types.
- The predecessor of the cone crusher
- The emergence of cone crusher is more than 100 years later than roller crusher and more than 20 years later than rotary crusher [3]
- 1. The cavity shape of the cone crusher is a working space formed by the crushing wall (moving cone) and the rolling mortar wall (fixed cone) [6]
- 1.Large crushing ratio and high production efficiency
- Combining higher speed and stroke, the rated power and throughput of the SMH crusher are greatly improved, and the crushing ratio and production efficiency are improved. This hydraulic cone crusher is a perfect combination of crushing stroke, crushing speed and shape of the crushing cavity [6]
- The maintenance of the machine is an extremely important recurring task. It should be closely coordinated with the operation and maintenance of the machine and should have a full-time job.
- Personnel perform on-duty inspection.
- Fault one: the oil pressure in the oil pipe before and after the filter is different
- Cause: The filter is clogged [5]
- 1. Prepare before driving
- (1) Wear work clothes, safety helmets, gloves, masks and other protective equipment.
- (2) Check whether the screws of each part are loose, whether there are obstacles around the motor equipment, whether there are ore or debris in the crushing cavity, and correct the tension of the belt. All spring screws must be tightened.
- (3) Check whether the clearance of the ore discharge mouth meets the requirements. The clearance of the PYS-D1324 conical breakout pit is kept at 30-45, and the clearance of the PYS-D1608 conical breakout pit is kept at 13-15.
- (4) Check whether the power supply is normal and whether the electrical protection systems are intact
- 2.In operation
- (1) When the oil temperature is heated to 25-30 degrees, start the oil pump motor for 5-10 minutes, then check the working condition of the lubrication system. The oil pressure is between 0.11-0.18Mp. Start the main motor.
- (2) Check that the temperature of the oil supply and return line of the lubrication station does not exceed 50 degrees every hour, the amount of return oil is sufficient, and the height of the oil level in the fuel tank is normal. There is no oil leakage in the lubrication pipe or the cone body of the oil pump.
- (3) The crusher can only open the belt after 1-2 minutes of no-load operation and start feeding. It can be crowded and pay attention to whether the feeding is normal, especially the ore with high mud content and high water content. Mine mouth.
- (4) Pay attention to observe whether the chute, the crushing cavity and the hopper are blocked. Prevent non-crushables from entering the crushing chamber. If a metal object falls into the crusher, stop it immediately and take it out.
- (5) During operation, always check the thin oil lubrication system to maintain the height of the oil surface in the fuel tank, and the output oil pressure should not be lower than the rated oil pressure (0.8Kg / c).
- (6) Check the equipment, whether the dust water pipe and cooling water pipe are good. Always listen to whether the sound of the bevel gear of the crusher is normal, and whether the sound of the motor is normal. Observe the current of the main motor. It is not allowed to exceed the rated current. The temperature of the motor is lower than 60 .
- 3.Parking
- (1) When the vehicle is stopped normally, the ore feeding should be stopped first. After the ore in the crusher is completely removed, the main motor operation can be stopped and the oil pump motor should be stopped.
- (2) Carefully inspect all parts of the crusher after stopping, and deal with the problems in time.
- 4, matters needing attention
- (1) Take care to prevent the oil pressure from being too large. If the oil pressure exceeds 2 kg / cm2, it may cause injury due to splashing.
- (2) During the inspection, ensure that the coupling guard is intact to prevent the coupling screws from shaking off and flying out and hurting people; to prevent the joints from spreading out when the pressure is too high, and oil splashing and hurting people.
- The overhaul of cone crusher is divided into: regular overhaul, minor repair, medium repair and overhaul. The overhaul interval of cone crusher can generally be arranged according to the following table
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- Regular maintenance
- In addition to the large, medium and small repairs of the cone crusher, regular inspections should be performed every 35-45. The contents are:
- 1 check spherical bearings;
- 2 check the straight bushing, tapered bushing for wear;
- 3 Check and adjust the gear meshing clearance;
- 4 Check the clearance of the drive bearing bush;
- 5 check and clean the liquid device and lubrication device;
- 6 check and clean the sealing device and dust ring;
- 7 Repair or replace some small parts.
- Intermediate repair
- The main contents of the intermediate repair are:
- 1.Include all minor repair projects;
- 2.Replace large and small bevel gears;
- 3.Replace the transmission bearing and spherical bearing;
- 4.Check the gap between the spherical bearing seat and the upper end face of the eccentric shaft sleeve;
- 5.Check or partially replace the spring and spring bolt;
- 6, check the spherical bearing seat and the body, the moving cone and the main shaft of the mating part of the wear, can be replaced if necessary. Each of the above repairs may not be all performed. Select the test items according to actual conditions.
- Overhaul
- The main contents of the overhaul are:
- 1.Including various contents of the intermediate repair;
- 2.Disassembly inspection, measurement, repair or replacement of all parts;
- 3 Check, repair or replace the adjusting ring, support ring, spring and spring bolt;
- 4. Correct the technical performance of the whole crusher, and can carry out technical transformation according to specific conditions.
- There are two ways to formulate the maintenance cycle: one is based on how many tons of ore are broken; the other is how long it runs according to the load.
- Minor repair
- The main contents of the minor repairs are:
- 1.Including items for regular maintenance;
- 2, check repair or replace the spherical tile (spherical bearing)
- 3.Repair or replace large and small bevel gears, drive shafts and bushes;
- 4.Repair or replace eccentric bushings, cone bushings and straight bushings;
- 5.Repair the adjusting ring and support ring threads;
- 6.Filter or replace lubricating oil;
- Each of the above minor repairs may not be carried out in full, and it is selected according to the actual situation.
- No matter which method is adopted, it should be formulated in accordance with the actual conditions of production of the unit. Because the maintenance cycle of the crusher is related to many factors. Such as the crusher inspection quality, operating rate, load capacity, ore strength and the number of large pieces of ore, and the quality of maintenance and so on. Therefore, the length of the crusher inspection period varies from factory to factory, such as the original ore is very hard and too large More, the load is too large. The crusher maintenance cycle is very short. After all, for the crusher maintenance, the actual situation of the beneficiation plant must be combined, plus the conscientious and responsible work of the cone crusher installation service.
- 1 The number of parts must be counted before installation. Inspect and remove the damage caused by the processing surface and thread of each part during loading and unloading, and remove the protective coating applied on the processing surface during packaging, as well as dust and dirt falling during transportation.
- 2 When installing, coat the fixed contact surface with dry oil and the movable surface with thin oil.
- 3 The crusher must be installed on a solid reinforced concrete foundation. The depth of the foundation can be determined by the local geological conditions.
- 4 In order to avoid the accumulation of broken ore, there must be enough space under the foundation to install transportation equipment.
- 5 In order to prevent the foundation from being damaged, the upper part of the foundation must be covered with a protective plate, which is to be prepared by the user.
- 5. Rack installation
- (1) Strict verticality and horizontality shall be maintained when installing a rack. The centerline of the base may be checked with a spirit level and a hanging hammer on the annular processing surface of the base.
- (2) After adjusting the level of the base with the adjusting wedge, tighten the foundation screws to perform the second paddle.
- (3) After the secondary irrigation paddle layer is hardened, take out the adjusting wedge under the base of the crusher, fill the gap with cement, and then press the installation of the rack
- 6. Installation of drive shaft
- (1) When installing the cone crusher drive shaft, adjust the gasket between the base and the flange of the drive shaft frame.
- (2) After the drive shaft is installed, use the template to check the dimensions related to the drive gear.
- Note: For more details about the maintenance and repair of the cone crusher, please refer to the instruction manual of the cone crusher.
- The hot assembly technology guarantees: Before heating the cone cone, use a spirit level on the support frame to ensure that the cone is horizontal and stable; After the main shaft is hoisted by the crane, it must be perpendicular to the centerline of the cone and the horizontal line; Connect the measurement aperture . Adjust the size of the inner caliper to 0.50 ~ 0.40mm larger than the actual size of the main shaft in advance. When the cone diameter shrinks to this value, quickly load the main shaft; After the main shaft and the cone are assembled, use the slag powder prepared in advance to place the cone Partial spherical coverage at the bottom of the body;
- Mine development efforts have gradually increased. The most important thing for manual or mechanical exploitation of valuable natural mineral resources is the crushing of ore. The processed ore is used in various industries such as metallurgy, construction, and chemical industry. As national construction expands domestic demand and infrastructure construction increases, the demand for sand and gravel and related crushing machinery has soared, and the market for cone crushing is broad [5] .
Cone crusher is an advanced hydraulic crusher with high power, large crushing ratio and high productivity. It is widely used, especially for ultra-fine broken hard rocks, ore, slag, refractory materials, etc. The cone crusher is composed of the main part of the frame body, adjusting device, adjusting sleeve, crushing cone, transmission and eccentric sleeve, and auxiliary parts such as electrical and lubrication. This machine is divided into three types: coarse crushing cone crusher (coarse crushing), medium crushing cone crusher (medium crushing), and fine crushing cone crusher (fine crushing). rock. Cone crushing has greater operating efficiency and crushing capacity, which helps to improve the sustainable development and progress of the economy. The advantages of this machine and its superior performance are the fundamental reasons why cone crushing has a great application prospect in the crushing industry. China's cone crusher manufacturing industry has a very broad market, including various industries such as mining, construction, water conservancy, metallurgy, coal mining and glass. The most important application fields in China are the cement industry, paving roads and mines. The fragmentation applied in these industries each accounts for about 31% of the entire industry.