What Is a Conveyor?

Conveyors have a long history. The ancient high-roller trucks and water-lifting rollovers are the prototype of modern bucket elevators and scraper conveyors. Belt conveyor is the main way of conveying bulk materials.

Conveyor can be divided into:

The direction is changeable, and the conveying direction can be changed flexibly, and it can reach 180 degrees at the maximum;

Conveyor, 8 units per unit

First explain from the composition of the belt machine system:

Conveying machinery can be divided into: bulk conveying machinery (such as: belt conveyor, screw conveyor, bucket elevator, high-inclined conveyor, etc.) and logistics conveying machinery (such as: assembly line, assembly line equipment, etc.) Conveyor line, hanging conveyor line, lifter, pneumatic lifter, rack lifter, scissor type, lifter, roller conveyor, lifter).

Rubber conveyor belts are measured in square meters. When customizing, the length and the number of square meters should be provided at the same time.

(1) Representation method of tape specification length

Bandwidth (mm) x Number of fabric layers x [Upper glue thickness (mm) + Lower glue thickness (mm)] x Belt length (m)

(2) The conversion method of square meters of tape can be used

Number of square meters = Adhesive bandwidth (m) x [Number of fabric layers + (Upper adhesive thickness (mm) + Lower adhesive thickness (mm)) / 1.5] x Length (m)

Generally, the main parameters are determined according to the requirements of the material handling system, the various conditions of the material loading and unloading site, the relevant production process and the characteristics of the material.

Conveying capacity: The conveying capacity of a conveyor refers to the amount of material conveyed per unit time. When transporting bulk materials, calculate the mass or volume of the transported materials per hour; when transporting into a single article, calculate the number of transported pieces per hour.

Conveying speed: Increasing the conveying speed can improve the conveying capacity. When a conveyor belt is used as a traction member and the conveying length is large, the conveying speed is gradually increased. But high-speed belt conveyors need to pay attention to vibration, noise and starting, braking and other issues. For a conveyor using a chain as a traction member, the conveying speed should not be too large to prevent an increase in dynamic load. Conveyors that carry out process operations at the same time should be determined according to the production process requirements.

Component size: The component size of the conveyor includes conveyor belt width, slat width, hopper volume, pipe diameter, container size, etc. The size of these components directly affects the conveying capacity of the conveyor.

Conveying length and inclination: The length and inclination of the conveying line directly affect the total resistance and the required power of the conveyor.

First, the fixed conveyor should be installed on a fixed basis according to the prescribed installation method. Before the mobile conveyor is put into operation, the wheels should be wedged with triangles or braked. In order to avoid walking during work, when there are multiple conveyors working in parallel, there should be a meter of passage between the machine and the machine and the wall.

2. Before using the conveyor, it is necessary to check whether all moving parts, tape hasp and bearing device are normal, and whether the protective equipment is complete. The tension of the tape must be adjusted to a suitable level before starting.

3. The belt conveyor should be started without load. Wait for normal operation before feeding. It is forbidden to drive after feeding.

4. When there are several conveyors running in series, they should start from the discharge end and start sequentially. Only after all the normal operation, can feed.

5. When the deviation of the tape occurs during operation, stop and adjust it. Do not force it to avoid wearing edges and increasing load.

6. The working environment and the temperature of the materials to be sent must not be higher than 50 ° C and lower than -10 ° C. Do not transport materials with acid-base oils and organic solvents.

7. No pedestrians or passengers are allowed on the conveyor belt.

8. Stop feeding before stopping, and wait for the material on the belt to be discharged before stopping.

Nine, the conveyor motor must be well insulated. Do not pull or drag the cable of the mobile conveyor. The motor must be reliably grounded.

10. It is strictly forbidden to pull the belt by hand when the belt slips to avoid accidents. ^[9]

(1) Start and stop

The conveyor should generally be started under no-load conditions. When several belt conveyors are installed in sequence, a lockable starting device should be used in order to start and stop in a certain order through the central control room. In addition, in order to prevent unexpected accidents, each conveyor should also be equipped with on-site start or stop buttons, which can stop any one of them individually. In order to prevent the conveyor belt from being torn longitudinally for some reason, when the conveyor length exceeds 30m, a stop button should be installed at a certain distance (such as 25-30m) along the entire length of the conveyor.

(2) Installation of belt conveyor

The installation of the belt conveyor is generally carried out in the following stages.

1. Install the frame of the belt conveyor. The installation of the frame starts from the head frame, then installs the middle frames of each section in sequence, and finally installs the tail frame. Before installing a rack, first pull the centerline over the entire length of the conveyor. Keeping the centerline of the conveyor on the straight line is an important condition for the normal operation of the conveyor belt, so when installing each section of the rack, you must Align the centerline, and also level the rack. The allowable error of the rack to the centerline is ± 0.1mm per meter. However, the error of the center of the rack over the entire length of the conveyor must not exceed 35mm. After all the single sections are installed and correctly located, the individual sections can be connected.

2. Installation of driving device: When installing the driving device, care must be taken to make the transmission shaft of the belt conveyor perpendicular to the centerline of the belt conveyor, so that the center of the width of the driving roller coincides with the centerline of the conveyor, and the axis of the reducer and the transmission The axes are parallel. At the same time, all shafts and rollers should be leveled. The horizontal error of the shaft is allowed in the range of 0.5-1.5mm according to the width of the conveyor. When installing the driving device, a tensioning device such as a tail wheel can be installed. The roller axis of the tensioning device should be perpendicular to the center line of the belt conveyor.

3. Install the supporting rollers: After the installation of the frame, the transmission device and the tensioning device, the supporting roller frames of the upper and lower supporting rollers can be installed, so that the conveyor belt has a slowly curved arc, and the distance between the supporting rollers of the turning section is normal. The distance between the roller frames is 1/2 1/3. After the rollers are installed, they should be flexible and brisk.

4. Final alignment of the belt conveyor In order to ensure that the conveyor belt always runs on the center line of the rollers and rollers, the following requirements must be met when installing the rollers, racks and rollers:

1) All the supporting rollers must be in a row, parallel to each other, and kept horizontal and horizontal.

2) All the rollers are lined up in parallel.

3) The supporting structure must be straight and horizontal. For this reason, after the installation of the driving roller and the roller frame, the centerline and level of the conveyor should be finally adjusted.

5. Then fix the rack to the foundation or floor. After the belt conveyor is fixed, feeding and discharging devices can be installed.

6. Hanging the conveyor belt: When installing the conveyor belt, first lay the conveyor belt on the idler rollers, and then surround the drive rollers, then lay on the idler rollers. Hanging belt can use 0.5-1.5t hand winch. When tightening the strap for connection, the roller of the tensioning device should be moved to the extreme position, the trolley and the spiral tensioning device should be moved toward the transmission device; and the vertical picking device should be moved to the top . Before tightening the conveyor belt, the reducer and motor should be installed, and the braking device should be installed on the inclined conveyor.

7. After the belt conveyor is installed, an idling test machine is required. In the idling test machine, it is necessary to pay attention to the deviation of the conveyor belt during operation, the operating temperature of the driving part, the movement of the rollers, the tightness of the contact between the cleaning device and the guide plate and the surface of the conveyor belt. Make the necessary adjustments and test the machine with load only after all components are normal. If a screw-type tensioning device is used, when the test machine is running under load, its tightness must be adjusted again. If the roller is not level, it will cause the belt to deviate. If it is out of tolerance, it should be stopped and leveled. If the outside diameter of the roller is too large, the outer circle of the roller must be reprocessed. The material on the surface of the roller will cause the belt to deviate. These materials are often removed; the conveyor belt deviates as soon as the load is added, and the position of the inlet should be changed to adjust it; when the conveyor belt is unloaded, the deviation can be corrected. This phenomenon is generally caused by too much initial tension, and proper adjustments are sufficient.

(3) Maintenance of belt conveyor

In order to ensure the reliable operation of the belt conveyor, the most important thing is to find and eliminate the possible faults in time. To this end, the operator must observe the working condition of the transporter at any time, and if any abnormality is found, it should be handled in time. It is important that mechanics regularly inspect and inspect any situation or component that requires attention. For example, a roller is not very important, but a high-speed conveyor belt that transports worn materials may quickly wear through its shell, and a blade may appear, which may seriously damage an expensive conveyor belt. Trained workers or experienced staff can detect impending accidents in time and prevent them before they occur. The conveyor belt of a belt conveyor accounts for a considerable proportion of the entire conveyor cost. In order to reduce the cost of replacing and repairing the conveyor belt, we must attach importance to the training of operators and maintenance personnel on the operation and maintenance of the conveyor belt.

(4) Design parameters

The parameters of the belt conveyor tensioning device are mainly considered from the following two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to consider the tension of the conveyor belt and its safe and reliable tension coefficient for the normal and stable operation of the belt conveyor. Next, the maximum tension force that the belt conveyor needs to meet during the startup of the tensioning device is designed; on the other hand, the belt conveyor has a certain starting acceleration requirement during normal startup. Before the acceleration is reached, A certain time interval, so it is necessary to design the time interval from the beginning of the tensioning of the conveyor belt to the tensioning process of the belt conveyor when it is normally started, in order to reduce the impact of the conveyor belt during the tensioning process. Of course, the tension required by the belt conveyor is different at different stages and under different conditions (such as starting, normal operation, and braking), so when calculating the tension, the belt conveyor should be based on the Consider the operating conditions under different working conditions, and at the same time ensure that the belt does not slip on the drive roller. Of course, the tensioning device with reasonable parameters should meet the requirements of the belt conveyor to automatically adjust the tensioning force under different working conditions. This can ensure that the belting belt can obtain sufficient tensioning force and appropriate sag to drive the roller. Corresponding friction can be generated with the conveyor belt, and it can also limit the conveyor belt from being subjected to excessive tension, thereby ensuring that the belt conveyor can work normally and stably.

The tension of the belt conveyor is transmitted through the friction between the driving roller and the conveyor belt. In the process, the belt conveyor needs to be overcome by continuously overcoming the running resistance of the belt conveyor. Here, the point-to-point method can be used to calculate the tension at each point on the conveyor belt, and the tension at a point on the conveyor belt is equal to the tension between the previous point along the running direction of the conveyor belt and the running resistance of the conveyor belt between the two points. with.

The tension required by the belt conveyor is inseparable from the working conditions of the belt conveyor itself. Under different working conditions, the tension required by the belt conveyor is different, so the designed tensioning device should be able to make corresponding adjustments according to specific conditions.

(5) Introduction to Maintenance of Conveying System

To prevent malfunction,

Before installing the conveyor, be sure to install it after the transfer tower and silo are finished. The installation and adjustment of all conveyors should be performed in accordance with geological parameters and drawings.

Conveyor installation work steps

(1) underline;

(2) Check civil construction, check foundation bolts and embedded steel plates;

(3) Check the position of each part of the conveyor;

(4) Install trusses according to anchor bolts;

(5) Installation and adjustment equipment (including upper and lower supporting rollers, wipers, driving devices, etc.);

(6) Install the tape hoist;

(7) Install telescopic head;

(8) Install the material guide;

(9) Installation of tensioning devices;

(10) Install all electrical parts brackets;

(11) Tape cutting and vulcanization connection.

Installation steps of electrical part of conveyor

(1) Install cable ducts;

(2) Install limit switches, protection devices, electrical control cabinets, etc .;

(3) Install electric lights;

(4) laying cables;

(5) Connect the wires.

At the end of the installation of the conveyor, the paint damaged parts should be repainted in accordance with the technical specifications. Secondly, add grease or lubricant to the following conveyor equipment according to the procedures specified in the lubricant operating manual: reducer, coupling, crane, bearing housing, motor bearing, etc.

In the future, the conveyor will develop in large scale, expand the scope of use, automatic material sorting, reduce energy consumption and reduce pollution.

Continue to large-scale development. Large scale includes several aspects such as large conveying capacity, large single machine length and large conveying inclination. The length of the hydraulic conveying device has reached more than 440 kilometers. The length of the single belt conveyor is nearly 15 kilometers, and there have been several "belt conveyors" that connect the two places. Many countries are exploring more perfect conveyor structures for long-distance, large-volume continuous conveying of materials.

Expand the use of conveyors. Develop conveyors that can work in high-temperature, low-temperature conditions, corrosive, radioactive, and flammable materials, and can transport hot, explosive, agglomerate, and viscous materials.

Make the structure of the conveyor meet the requirements of the single machine for automatic control of the material handling system. For example, the trolley-type conveyor used by the post office to automatically sort packages should be able to meet the requirements of sorting operations.

Reducing energy consumption to save energy has become an important aspect of scientific research in the field of transportation technology. The energy consumed for transporting 1 kilometer of material for 1 kilometer has been taken as one of the important indicators for conveyor selection.

Reduce dust, noise and exhaust gas generated by various conveyors during operation.

Belt conveyors have the advantages of large conveying capacity, simple structure, convenient maintenance, and standardization of components. They are widely used in mining, metallurgy, coal and other industries. They are used to convey loose materials or pieces. It can also be composed of multiple units or with other conveying equipment to form a horizontal or inclined conveyor system to meet the needs of different layout types of operation lines. It is suitable for conveying powdery and granular materials with a bulk density of less than 1.67 / ton / cubic meter , Small, low-grinding materials and bagged materials, such as coal, crushed stone, sand, cement, fertilizer, grain, etc. The temperature of the material being sent is less than 60 ° C. Its captain and assembly mode can be determined according to user requirements. The drive can be an electric drum or a drive device with a drive frame.