What Is a Gunsmithing Lathe?

Forging machine tools are equipment for cold working of metals and machinery. He only changes the shape of the metal. Forging machine tools include plate rolling machine, shearing machine, punch, press, hydraulic machine, hydraulic machine, bending machine, etc.

Forging machine

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Forging presses are used for metal and mechanical cold working

The tree lathe that appeared in more than 2,000 BC is the earliest prototype of the machine tool. During work, the ferrule at the lower end of the pedal rope uses the elasticity of the tree branch to rotate the workpiece by the rope. Holding a shell or a stone as a tool, the tool is moved along the slat to cut the workpiece. This principle was still used in the medieval elastic rod lathes.

In the fifteenth century, due to the need to manufacture watches and weapons, thread lathes and gear machining machines for watchmakers and hydraulically driven barrel boring machines appeared. Around 1500, the Italian Leonardo Da Vinci had sketched the conception of lathes, boring machines, threading machines and internal grinding machines. Among them were new mechanisms such as cranks, flywheels, collars and bearings. The "Gonggong Kaiwu" published by the Ming Dynasty in China also contains the structure of a grinder. The iron plate is rotated by pedals, and the jade is cut by adding sand and water.

The industrial revolution of the eighteenth century promoted the development of machine tools. In 1774, the British Wilkinson invented a more precise barrel boring machine. The following year, the cylinders that he bored with this barrel boring machine met the requirements of the Watt steam engine. In order to boring larger cylinders, he also built a water wheel driven cylinder boring machine in 1776, which promoted the development of steam engines. Since then, the machine tools have been driven by the shaft via a steam engine.

In 1797, a lathe made by the British Mozley was driven by a screw to a tool post, which could achieve motorized feed and thread turning. This was a major change in the structure of the machine tool. Mozley is also known as "the father of the British machine tool industry".

In the 19th century, various types of machine tools appeared one after another, driven by the production of textiles, power, transportation machinery and arms. In 1817, the British Roberts created a gantry planer; in 1818, American Whitney made a horizontal milling machine; in 1876, the United States made a universal cylindrical grinder; in 1835 and 1897, he invented a gear hobbing machine and a gear shaping machine.

With the invention of electric motors, machine tools began to be driven by electric motors first, and then widely used by individual motors. In the early twentieth century, in order to process workpieces, fixtures and thread processing tools with higher accuracy, coordinate boring machines and thread grinding machines were successively created. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of large-scale production of automobiles and bearings, various automatic machine tools, copying machine tools, combined machine tools and automatic production lines have been developed.

With the development of electronic technology, the United States developed the first digitally controlled machine tool in 1952; in 1958, it developed a machining center that can automatically change tools for multi-process machining. Since then, with the development and application of electronic technology and computer technology, significant changes have taken place in machine tools in terms of driving methods, control systems and structural functions.

Roll forging press

gold

When the mechanical pressure machine tool works, a large pulley (usually also acting as a flywheel) is driven by a motor through a V-belt, and the crank slider mechanism is driven by the gear pair and the clutch, so that the slider and the punch die go straight down. After the forging work is completed, the slider goes up and the clutch automatically disengages. At the same time, the automaton on the crank shaft is turned on, so that the slider stops near the top dead center. When the mechanical press works, the large pulley (usually doubles as a flywheel) is driven by the motor through a V-belt

1. The operator must pass the examination and hold the "equipment operation certificate" of this equipment to operate this equipment.

2. Do it carefully before work:

(1) Read the shift record carefully to understand the work of the previous shift.

(2) Check whether the equipment and work site are cleaned and wiped clean; the equipment bed, work surface, guide rails, and other major sliding surfaces must be free of obstacles, impurities, and new pulling, grinding, and injury. If the above situation must be cleared and the equipment cleaned; if there is a new pull, grind or bump, please ask the equipment staff or team leader to check it together and make a record.

(3) Check that the handles, valves, rods, and main parts and components (sliders, hammers, tool holders, etc.) of each operating mechanism should be placed in non-working positions as specified in the instructions.

(4) Check that all safety protection devices (protective cover, limit switch, limit stop iron, electrical grounding, safety device, etc.) should be complete and installed correctly and reliably; distribution box (box), fuel tank (pool), transmission The door cover should be closed.

(5) Check that the lubricating parts (oil sump, oil tank, oil cup guide and other sliding surfaces) have sufficient oil, and refuel according to the lubrication chart.

(6) Check all main parts, components and fasteners for abnormal looseness.

(7) Open the gas (steam) valve, check that the pipeline valves and other devices are intact and free of leakage, and that the gas (steam) and pressure are in accordance with the regulations, and drain the accumulated water in the pipe.

(8) Perform a dry run test, start jogging, check each operating device, safety insurance device (braking, reversing, interlocking, limit, insurance, etc.) and indicate devices (indicating meters, indicators, etc.) should work Sensitive, accurate and reliable; the movements of all parts should be coordinated; the oil supply should be normal and the lubrication should be good; the machine should run without abnormal sounds, vibrations, temperature rises, odors, smoke and other phenomena. Make sure everything is working properly before starting work. For the equipment that works in shifts, the shift staff shall jointly inspect and perform the shift in accordance with the above (Article 8); if the equipment that shifts between shifts is found to have seriously violated the operating rules of the previous shift, the equipment staff or the team leader should always check it. And record the case, otherwise equipment problems occur in this class violates the operating procedures. After the equipment has been adjusted or overhauled, the operator must also inspect the equipment in accordance with the requirements and procedures above (8), and confirm that everything is correct before starting work.

3. Do it carefully at work:

(1) Adhere to the work position, carefully operate the equipment, and do not do anything unrelated to the work. When leaving the equipment due to accidents, stop the machine and turn off the electricity and gas (steam) sources.

(2) Use the equipment in accordance with the technical specifications specified in the instructions, and do not use the equipment beyond the specifications and overload.

(3) Pay close attention to the lubrication of various parts of the equipment, and refuel during the shift according to the lubrication instruction chart to ensure that the various parts of the equipment are well lubricated.

(4) Pay close attention to the working conditions of all parts of the equipment. If there are abnormal sounds, vibrations, temperature rises, odors, smoke, uncoordinated movements, malfunctions, etc., stop the machine immediately to check and eliminate the work before continuing.

(5) Adjust the speed, replace the mold, cutter or wipe test. When servicing the equipment, stop it beforehand and turn off the power supply of gas and steam.

(6) During work, it is not allowed to disassemble the safety protection device and open the door of the power distribution box (box), oil tank (box), and gearbox for work without authorization.

(7) The equipment must be shut down immediately when an accident occurs, protect the site, and report to the relevant departments for analysis and processing.

4. After work, do it carefully:

(1) All operating devices, sliders, hammers, knife holders, etc. should be placed in a non-working position according to the instructions; turn off the electricity, gas (steam) source.

(2) Organize tools, parts and work sites.

(3) Clean the material head, material edge, oxide scale, sundries, etc. on the work site and equipment; wipe and clean all parts of the equipment, and protect the sliding surfaces with oil.

(4) Fill in the handover list.

External overall inspection

Thoroughly clean the outside of the forging machine, check whether all the fastening screws are loose, whether each part is safe, and whether there is welding, cracking or deformation. There should be safety warning signs on the fuselage, and the length should be no less than 30 cm.

Test run check

After the forging machine is turned, check for air leakage, and at the same time check for abnormal vibration of the machine, and perform full lubrication as required. Carefully observe for collisions, friction and stagnation. Is there any abnormal sound? Use power machinery to drive low-speed operation and observe the operation status of each part.

Inspection of input devices

The conveyor chain must be inspected section by section, and if it is found to be severely worn, deformed, or cracked, it should be replaced. The tension of the feeding chain should be consistent from left to right. It is advisable that the middle of the chain length slightly touches the bottom plate. The main and passive axes of the conveying chain should be parallel. If the chain is inclined, the cause should be found and eliminated.

Inspection of clutch device

The safety clutch should be adjusted during work and use, check the wear of the wave tooth, and it should be replaced when the tooth height is worn away by 1/3.

Inspection and adjustment of forging parts

Carry out the pressure test of the whole machine. The pressure used in the test is 1.25 times the working pressure. Check that the piston extends to the maximum working stroke. Hold the pressure for 15 minutes. The drop in the pressure gauge reading should not exceed 4% of the test pressure. There should be no leakage on the road; after all the pressure is removed, the pointer of the pressure gauge returns to the "0" position, the parts should not be damaged, the drawbar must not be significantly deformed, and the moving parts should not be stuck. Perform a reliability test on the safety valve, adjust the safety valve to the working pressure (upper left +5, lower left +1) MPa, test continuously for 5 times, the needle valve is sensitive to open and close, and the pressure gauge reading should not be lower than after each trip. Rated working pressure.