What Is a Heavy-Duty Drill?

Roller rig is a kind of drilling equipment, which is mostly used in large open-pit mines. Over the past half century, open-pit perforation equipment has undergone the development of hoe drills, fire drills, and percussion (down-the-hole) drills. In the end, roller cone rigs have become large and medium-sized open-pit mines with the advantages of large drilling holes and high perforation efficiency Used perforating equipment.

Roller rig is a kind of drilling equipment, mostly used for

In 1933, Bucyrus entered the rig market; in 1952, Bucyrus produced the first commercially recognized electric roller rig; in 1945, the Russian Heavy Machinery United Company (that is, Ural Machinery) began manufacturing heavy roller rigs; Since then, the Gardener-Denver Company (GD for short) in the United States and the Marion Shovel Branch of Draper Industries have also successively developed roller cone rigs. In the early 1990's, PH Company also developed cone roller rigs; China began to develop cone roller rigs from the 1960s, and it was successfully developed and put on the market in the 1980s.

Generally, a drilling rig with a diameter ranging from 280 to 380 mm is called a large rig. The roller rig is mainly used for blasthole rock drilling operations above 200 mm in open-pit mines.

1 Status of foreign roller rigs and technical characteristics of major manufacturers

The countries that can manufacture cone drilling rigs abroad are mainly the United States, Russia, and Japan. The roller rig designed and manufactured in the United States has a high level of technology and good performance, and is almost sold worldwide.

At present, the three major companies producing cone rigs in the world are all in the United States: Bucyrus (BE, has been acquired by Caterpillar), Ingersoll Rand (IR, has been acquired by Atlas Copco) And P & H (already acquired by Joy International). Bucyrus and Ingersoll Rand have a long history of producing cone rigs, and P & H entered the cone rig market after acquiring the cone rig production line of Gardner-Denver in 1991.

1) Bucyrus is one of the world's largest manufacturers of roller rigs with a long history and advanced technology. 49-R, 65-R and 67-R and their derivative series are the company's current main products, representing the advanced world level in the early 21st century. Among them, the characteristics of 49-R roller rig include: electric chainless rack and pinion pressurization and lifting system can keep the shaft pressure uniform, increase the drilling speed and extend the life of the drill bit; the chainless reversible track walking system can quickly make the rig Positioning, automatic leveling within 4 s; high-efficiency screw air compressor can increase the amount of compressed air, quickly remove rock slag at the bottom of the hole, and speed up drilling; PLC manages all rig functions to improve production efficiency and safety; programmable rigs The control system can realize automatic drilling rigs and improve drilling efficiency.

In order to meet the needs of drilling in iron gangue, the company developed a larger 59-R drilling rig on the basis of 49-R drilling rig, with a shaft pressure of 585-630 kN and a slag discharge wind speed of 35.56 m / s. Apertures range from 406 to 445 mm. The crawler frame, leveling jack, hydraulic system, rig, pressurized lifting mechanism, rotary trolley, main air compressor, and programmable control of the 59-R rig are improved and improved compared to the 49-R rig. Its drilling speed in iron ore reaches 28.3 m / h.

2) Ingersoll Rand mainly produces full-hydraulic roller and down-the-hole drills in the field of mining roller rigs. Its main products are DM-25, DM-45E, DM-50E, DM-H and DM-M. Its characteristic is that all actions are driven by hydraulic pressure, and the whole machine power is optional diesel engine or electric power. In the early 1980s, Ingersoll Rand introduced the DM-H drilling rig with a shaft pressure of 500 kN and a bore diameter of 311 to 381 mm. The hydraulic excavator-type crawler traveling device is adopted, and two crawler tracks are driven by two hydraulic motors, thereby improving the mobility and reducing the shifting operation time from hours to minutes. From the mid 1980s to the 1990s, DM-M, DM-M2 and DM-M3 drilling rigs with continuously improved performance were successively introduced. The large axial pressure Pit Viper Series 351 roller rig introduced by Ingersoll Rand has an axial pressure of 570 kN, an exhaust volume of 6 500 m2 / min, and an exhaust pressure of 0.76 MPa.

In addition, Ingersoll Rand's research and development rig inspection system (IRDMS) enables operators to monitor drilling parameters such as drilling speed, hole depth, total footage, and the number of holes drilled from the console. At the same time, it can also diagnose the failures related to mechanical and system functions such as temperature, pressure, and filter conditions of key components, and can transmit data to a computer outside the rig, or network with the mine wireless system.

3) P & H roller cone rig series includes 3 models:

P & H70A, with a shaft pressure of 408 kN and a maximum bore diameter of 311 mm;

Model P & H100B with a shaft pressure of 590 kN and a maximum bore diameter of 445 mm;

Model P & H120A with a shaft pressure of 680 kN and a maximum bore diameter of 559 mm.

All P & H rigs are equipped with a PLC-based control system that integrates all control and display functions on the rig. It can control the automatic drilling, horizontal leveling, main compressed air supply, automatic lubrication, hydraulic system and motor movement, turning speed and transmission, lifting motion and transmission, and walking motion, etc .; at the same time, monitor the hydraulic pressure and air filter of the rig , Drilling depth and drilling speed, operating parameters and any faults in various transmissions, the critical temperature of compressed air and oil, the input and output status of the PLC and other information can be displayed on the computer in the cab.

2 Status of domestic roller rigs and technical characteristics of major manufacturers

China has been developing cone drilling rigs since the 1960s. After many improvements and eliminations, there are still 12 types of KY and YZ series in production and use. The main research units are: Luoyang Mining Machinery Engineering Design and Research Institute, Nanchang Kaima Co., Ltd. and Sinosteel Hengzhong Company.

The domestic roller rig has reached the technical level of the United States in the early 1990s, but the overall performance is very different from similar foreign products today. It is embodied in a single brand, a single power, a single function, a single structural form, and a transmission. Way backward and so on.

1) Nanjing Kema KY series roller rigs are all based on domestic, so the manufacturing costs are relatively low, mainly KY-250 and KY-310 and their derivatives. The KY-250A drilling rig jointly developed by Luo Mining Research Institute and Nanchang Hippocampus perforated the f16 f20 ore rocks of Baosteel's Baiyun Ebo Iron Mine. The perforation efficiency is 128 199.5 m / set · day, and the highest is 644 m / set · day. It exceeded the record of 570 m of Bucyrus 45-R in the mine day, and won the National Science and Technology Progress Special Award and the National Gold Award.

KY-310 drilling rig has an axial pressure of 0 490 kN, a drilling speed of 0 4.5 m / min, a climbing ability of 12 °, and a walking speed of 0 0.78 km / h. The rig is driven by an AC frequency conversion motor, the top is rotated, the reducer-closed chain-gear and rack are continuously pressurized, the high rig, electric, pneumatic, hydraulic combined operation, pressure and slag discharge working mechanism can A blasting blasthole with a hole diameter of 310 mm and a depth of 18 m was drilled through the ore rock.

2) Sinosteel Hengzhong mainly produces YZ-35 and YZ-5 and their derivatives. The YZ-35 rig is also a product that has won the National Gold Award, and its performance exceeds the 45-R of Bucyrus. YZ-55 drilling rig is currently the largest type of roller rig produced in China. YZ-55A has been used in Shougang Peru Iron Mine.

In order to increase the propulsion force of the drill bit, YZ-55 drilling rig has designed 3 AC variable frequency motors in the slewing system and the main transmission mechanism to meet the needs of increasing the voltage and frequency. This design is the first in China. In addition, Sinosteel Hengzhong also applied programmable controller PLC and human-machine interface HMI technology to YZ-55 rollers, improved the air compressor and separated the shed from the cab, etc., and enhanced the corrosion protection of the whole machine. Anti-rust function ^[2]

With the increasing investment in the mining industry, the demand for large roller rigs is also increasing, especially in open-pit coal mines. The current development trends of domestic and foreign roller rigs are:

1) Increase the diameter of the borehole. It is generally considered that it is appropriate to keep the borehole diameter in the range of 250 to 311 mm;

2) Increase shaft pressure, slewing power and rig weight, and implement intensive drilling;

3) The use of high rigs and long drill rods reduces the auxiliary operation time of the rig;

4) Multi-purpose drilling rig can drill inclined blast holes to meet the requirements of mining technology;

5) Take measures to increase the service life of roller cone drills;

6) Develop electric drive and use static control to drive AC and DC motors;

7) Improve the working conditions of the driver and increase the comfort of the driver's cab;

8) Improve the automation level of the rig and improve the economic benefits of the rig in an all-round way;

9) The PLC-video screen system can be used to provide the driver with various performance parameters at any time.

With the advancement of science and technology, roller rigs are also continuously developing towards automation and intelligence. China should strive to develop roller rigs and strive to reach the world advanced level as soon as possible ^[3] .