What Is a Shovel Loader?

Loader is a kind of earth and stone construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mining and other construction projects. It is mainly used for shovel loading bulk materials such as soil, sand, lime, coal, etc. And hard soil for light digging operations. Different auxiliary working devices can also be used for loading and unloading of bulldozing, lifting and other materials such as wood.

After decades of development, Chinese loaders have made great progress. Particularly commendable and proud of the Chinese people is that the annual production and sales of loaders has exceeded 160,000 units. In the Chinese market with international brands today, domestic brand loaders still occupy the vast majority of the market. In 1978, the annual output of China's loaders was only 1315 units, and the cumulative output was only 9454 units. In 2007, the sales volume exceeded 160,000 units, and the export volume alone exceeded 10,000 units, which is more than the historical cumulative total output before reform and opening up. ,China

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The loader's digging and loading and unloading operations are realized through the movement of its working device. The working device of the loader is composed of a bucket 1, a boom 2, a connecting rod 3, a rocker 4 and a bucket cylinder 5, a boom cylinder 6, and the like. The entire working device is hinged on the frame 7. The bucket is hinged to the bucket cylinder via a connecting rod and a swing arm for loading and unloading materials. The boom is hinged to the frame and boom cylinder for lifting the bucket. The bucket is flipped and the boom is raised and lowered hydraulically. ^[1]

Domestically-made wheel loaders are transitioning from low-level, low-quality, low-cost, satisfying functional models to high-level, high-quality, medium-priced, economical and practical models. The transition from imitation and imitation to independent development has led major manufacturers to continuously invest in technology, adopt different technological routes, and innovate on key components and systems, to get rid of product design similarities, without their own characteristics and advantages, and from a low level of disorder. Stand out from the competition circle and become a leader in the loader industry. (1) Large and small wheel loaders are limited by objective conditions and the total market demand during the development process. The most competitive medium loaders will be updated faster and faster. (2) According to the actual situation of each manufacturer, redesign the overall design, optimize various performance indicators, strengthen the strength and rigidity of the structural parts, and improve the reliability of the machine. (3) Refine the system structure. Such as vibration reduction of the power system, optimization of the structure of the cooling system, optimization of the performance indicators of the working device, dust prevention of each hinge point, industrial modeling design, etc. (4) The use of electronic technology and load sensing technology to realize the automatic shift of the gearbox and the application of the hydraulic variable system, improve efficiency, save energy, and reduce the operating cost of the loader. (5) Improve safety and comfort. The cab is gradually equipped with FOPS & ROPS functions. The cab environment will move closer to the direction of the car. The steering wheel, seat, and various joysticks can be adjusted to allow the operator to work in position. (6) Reduce noise and emissions, and strengthen environmental protection indicators. With the increase of people's awareness of environmental protection, it is urgent to reduce the noise and emissions of loaders. Many large cities have established noise and emission standards for motor vehicles. If construction machinery does not meet emission standards, it will be restricted to Sales. (7) Extensive use of new materials, new processes and new technologies, especially mechanical, electrical and hydraulic integration technologies, to improve product life and reliability. (8) Minimize maintenance to minimize the number of maintenance and repair time, increase the maintenance space, and generally use electronic monitoring and monitoring technology to further improve the fault diagnosis system and provide drivers with methods to troubleshoot problems. ^[1]

Common single bucket loader, by engine

The loader is mainly used for shovel, loading, unloading, soil and stone and other loose materials. It can also perform light digging operations on rocks and hard soil. If you change different working devices, you can also complete the work of bulldozing, lifting, loading and unloading other materials. In highway construction, it is mainly used for filling and digging of subgrade engineering, assembling and loading of asphalt and cement concrete yards. Because it has the advantages of fast operation speed, good maneuverability, and light operation, it has developed rapidly and has become the main machinery in earthwork construction. ^[1]

1. Model selection: It is mainly selected and determined according to the working occasion and application. Generally work in quarries and soft bases, and more use tire loaders with snow chains;

2. Selection of power: Generally, diesel engines for construction machinery are generally used. When operating in special areas, such as where the altitude is higher than 3000m, special high prototype diesel engines should be used;

3. Selection of transmission type: Generally, hydraulic-mechanical transmission is selected. The key component is the choice of torque converter. Most of the loaders produced in China use twin-turbo, single-stage two-phase torque converters.

4. When selecting a loader, we must also fully consider the braking performance of the loader, including multiple types of braking, parking braking and emergency braking. There are three types of brakes: hoof type, caliper disc type and wet multi-disc type. The driving mechanism of the brake generally uses a booster device, and its power sources include compressed air, gas cap oil and hydraulic type. Commonly used is the gas cap oil braking system, which generally uses a dual-circuit braking system to improve driving safety. ^[1]

In 2013, the loader market was relatively sluggish, and production and sales declined to varying degrees year-on-year. The data showed that the total sales volume of loaders in the first quarter was 41486 units, a year-on-year decline of 19.0%. Among them, February sales were lower, not only down 54.1% year-on-year, but also down 6.1% month-on-month. By March, sales had rebounded sharply, down 6.6% year-on-year, and up 201.2% month-on-month. It can be seen that the future of the loader market will also look forward to. By April, loaders also achieved positive year-on-year growth. In May, loader sales reached 19,045 units, an increase of 14% year-on-year, higher than 4% in April. Of the domestic loader market demand, 32% comes from the mining industry, 33% comes from infrastructure construction, 14% comes from water conservancy construction, and 8% comes from the real estate industry, and the development of these industries depends largely on the level of domestic fixed asset investment. In the first half of 2013, China s investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) was 18.1313 trillion yuan, and the cumulative increase in fixed asset investment was 20.1%, continuing a steady growth trend. In the second half of the year, there will be no major changes in internal and external factors that determine investment trends. Therefore, the central government will continue to strengthen the control of investment. While maintaining an investment growth rate of about 20%, the investment structure will be further optimized. We predict that infrastructure investment will proceed smoothly in the second half of 2013, and the mining industry will go out of the doldrums under the control of the government and enterprises. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the state will invest 1.8 trillion yuan in water conservancy. The industry will also gradually come out of the current chaos under the coordination of the government and real estate developers. Therefore, under the combined effect of many factors, the loader industry will gradually warm up the construction machinery industry under the proper control of the enterprise itself. ^[1]

After the loader leaves the factory, there are generally about 60 hours.

1) Before driving and working, the operator should be familiar with the various performances, structures, technical maintenance, operation methods of the loader, and operate according to regulations.

2) Passengers are strictly forbidden on board except in the driving room.

3) When unloading material into the car, the bucket must be raised to a height that does not touch the car's baffle. Prevent the bucket from hitting the car box. It is strictly prohibited to pass the bucket from the top of the car cabin.

4) Automatic deceleration when downhill. Do not step on the clutch pedal to prevent a slipping accident when the power is cut off.

5) The loader should immediately stop and inspect after wading. If it is found that the brake fails due to water immersion, it should be continuously braked. The heat in the brake pads is used to eliminate the water in the brake pads to restore the brake to normal as soon as possible.

6) When the loader is working, no one is allowed to stand in front of you. During the driving, the bucket is not allowed to carry people.

7) During work, it is strictly forbidden to stand under the shovel arm, and irrelevant personnel and other machinery are prohibited from working and passing here.

8) High-speed operation is strictly prohibited.

9) When the operator leaves the driving position, he must drop the bucket to the ground, stop the engine, and cut off the power supply.