What Is a Tractor Baler?

A tractor is a self-propelled power machine that is used to tow and drive working machinery to complete various mobile tasks. Can also be used for fixed operation power. It consists of engine, transmission, walking, steering, hydraulic suspension, power output, electrical instruments, driving control and traction and other systems or devices. The engine power is transmitted to the drive wheels by the transmission system to make the tractor run. In real life, it is common to use rubber belts as the power transmission medium. According to functions and uses, it is divided into agricultural, industrial and special purpose tractors; according to structure type, it is divided into wheeled, tracked, boat-shaped tractors and self-propelled chassis.

Chinese name: tractor
Foreign name: Tractor
Definition: Power equipment for traction or drive

Advantages: Reduce human burden
basic component: Engine, chassis and electrical equipment
Classification: Walk-behind, wheeled, tracked, machine-tilled, etc.

Tractor Introduction

Basic composition of tractor

Although a tractor is a relatively complicated machine, its type and size are also different, but they are composed of three major parts of the engine, chassis and electrical equipment, each of which is indispensable.

Tractor engine

It is a device that generates power for a tractor, and its role is to convert the thermal energy of fuel into mechanical energy to output power. Most of the agricultural tractors produced in China use diesel engines.

Tractor chassis

It is a device that transmits power to a tractor. Its role is to transmit the power of the engine to the driving wheels and working devices to make the tractor run, and complete the mobile operation or fixed role. This function is achieved through the cooperation and coordination of the transmission system, the walking system, the steering system, the braking system and the working device, and at the same time they form the skeleton and body of the tractor. Therefore, we collectively refer to the above four systems and a large device as the chassis. That is to say, in the entire tractor, all other systems and devices except the engine and electrical equipment are collectively referred to as the tractor chassis.

Electrical equipment for tractors

It is a device that guarantees electricity for tractors. Its role is to solve the lighting, safety signals and starting of the engine.

Tractor invention history and development trend

History of tractor invention

Since ancient times, many people have tried to use mechanical power instead of human and animal power for farming. But it was not until the 19th century that Europe entered the age of steam engines that the birth of powered agricultural machinery became possible.

The earliest steam-powered tractors were invented in 1856 and 1873 by Alabart, France, and RC Parvin, Illinois, USA.

In the 1830s, people began to study the use of steam vehicles to tow farm implements for field operations. But the steam engine traction vehicle (the precursor of the steam tractor) that could be made at that time was like a small locomotive. Even if it was not trapped in the field, it would compact the soil so much that it could not be cultivated at all. In 1851, Faras and Smith in the United Kingdom first realized mechanical farming with a steam engine. Some people saw this as the beginning of agricultural mechanization, but at the time their method was to place the steam engine on the field head and use a wire rope to pull the ploughshares in the field far away. Later, with the advancement of steam engine manufacturing technology, a miniaturized steam engine appeared. It was installed on the chassis of the vehicle to drive the wheels, allowing it to drive from the ground into the field and directly tow agricultural tools. This gave birth to tractors. Tractor at that time was similar to earlier steam engine cars, but with more horsepower and slower speed.

The original tractors were bulky and expensive, inconvenient to use, and often required several people to operate. They were suitable for farming in vast fields, and it was difficult for ordinary individual farmers to afford. Internal combustion engine agricultural tractor-"Baga" tractor. Because the internal combustion engine is relatively light, easy to operate, and has high working efficiency, its appearance has laid a foundation for the popularization and application of tractors. At the beginning of the 20th century, countries such as Sweden, Germany, Hungary, and the United Kingdom produced tractors powered by diesel internal combustion engines at the same time. During the First World War, due to the war, the shortage of labor and the rise in agricultural product prices promoted the development of farm tractors. . From 1910 to 1920, a fierce competition started between steam engines and tractors powered by internal combustion engines. The latter showed greater advantages and gradually eliminated the former. Today's tractors use diesel internal combustion engines.

On November 24, 1904, the "77" steam tractor was tested for the first time, and then put into mass production. In 1906, the tractor manufacturing company founded by Holt produced the world's earliest tracked tractor powered by a gasoline internal combustion engine. This tractor began mass production the following year. It was the most successful tractor at the time and became a British development a few years later. The reference vehicle for the world's first tank.

In the development of wheeled tractors, people initially widened steel wheels, increased the area of the ground, and reduced the pressure. After the birth of car tires, people used solid and pneumatic tires for tractors. But car tires are not completely suitable for tractors. First, the grooves of car tires are too shallow. The second is that people find that tractors perform better when they run out of air than when they run out of air. In 1932, the American Philsdown Tire and Rubber Company produced a large-sized, high-pattern, low-pressure pneumatic rubber tire. This is the first truly suitable tire for agricultural tractors, which greatly improves the driving and traction performance of wheeled tractors.

By the end of the 1940s, in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, tractors had replaced livestock and become the main driving force for farms. Since then, tractors have been popularized in Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa.

China's first 18-horsepower wheeled steam tractor

Development of tractor market

Shows that in 2010, China's tractor market operated smoothly, showing many new features. The total industrial output value and sales income reached 34.813 billion yuan and 40.203 billion yuan, respectively. At the same time, the export delivery value continued to maintain a strong growth momentum. The domestic large and medium-sized tractor market demand continued to run at a high level, but the growth rate slowed down, and the demand continued to extend to the direction of high horsepower; the small tractor market continued to climb in a double-digit range .

On the other hand, the regional market demand is uneven, brand competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and market concentration has further increased. However, compared with agricultural developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States, it is far from reaching the level of demand saturation. In addition, backward product structure performance is a common problem in tractor products in China, and the technical level still needs to be improved. At the same time, the quality problems caused by disorderly market order and disorderly competition in enterprises also reveal that the quality of tractor products in China needs to be improved.

Judging from the requirements of the national agricultural mechanization development strategy, China's agricultural mechanization development is currently at an intermediate stage, and the comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvesting has just exceeded about 50%. By 2020, the comprehensive agricultural mechanization rate of crop cultivation in China will reach more than 65%. In other words, there is still a big gap between the development of China's agricultural machinery industry and the requirements of national agricultural mechanization development strategies. As the power source of agricultural machinery products, the market demand for tractors is still very large.

Development Trend of Tractor

From the perspective of the production and use of tractors, the main development trends of tractors are:

1. The average power keeps increasing. Regardless of agricultural tractors or industrial tractors, in order to increase the productivity of a single machine, the average power continues to increase, but the growth rate has decreased. In North America and the Soviet Union, due to the lack of people and land, the agricultural production scale is large, and most of them use large-scale agricultural machinery and are equipped with corresponding high-power tractors. In general developing countries, small and medium power tractors are still the main power, but their average power is also increasing.

2. Wheeled tractors have an absolute advantage in agricultural tractors. Tracked tractors are no longer used in agricultural production in many countries. In the Soviet Union, Italy, and China, although some crawler tractors are still in use, their proportion is also declining. Among industrial tractors, especially bulldozers and excavators, the crawler type still has the absolute advantage. With the increase of tractor power, four-wheel drive tractors have developed rapidly. The application of the hydraulic steering device can solve the steering difficulty of this model, and the articulated steering can greatly reduce the steering radius. These factors have further promoted the development of high-power four-wheel drive tractors. In order to improve the traction attachment performance and passing capacity in paddy fields, the four-wheel drive variants of small and medium power wheel tractors have also developed rapidly in countries such as Japan.

3. The safety of tractors, the ease of handling, and the comfort of the working environment have received increasing attention. A well-designed cab and various instruments can not only improve the driver's working conditions and ensure safety, but also improve labor productivity and work quality.

4. The serialization, generalization, and standardization of tractors and their parts and components are important measures to facilitate production, use, reduce manufacturing costs, and simplify parts supply. In order to meet the various needs of the tractor market with fewer basic models of tractors, major tractor companies in Europe and the United States produce one or several series of products. In the Soviet Union and other countries, there is a national unified tractor series profile, which is used to guide the development of products from various production plants. Develop basic tractor models with two or more power levels and certain organic connections and their corresponding variants to form a series of products, which can maximize the degree of generalization of parts between products, thereby increasing universal zero The production batch of components; or can produce similar parts on the same processing line, and assemble similar components and tractors of adjacent levels on the same assembly line. This is very beneficial to make full use of production capacity and reduce production costs.

5. The application of hydraulic technology in tractors is becoming increasingly widespread. In modern tractors, especially in large tractors, almost all major components are operated with hydraulic devices, such as clutches, power shifts of transmissions, differential locks, brakes, and steering mechanisms. On some tractors, hydraulic adjustments are also used for seat adjustment and opening and closing of glass windows. The electronic-hydraulic control suspension system has been adopted on some tractors. Due to the convenience of the operation switch arrangement, the hydraulic pipeline can be shortened accordingly, and it will be more applied on large tractors.

6. Certain components of the tractor are subjected to random alternating loads for a long time, which will cause fatigue damage and affect the reliability and life of the tractor. In order to further improve product quality, large tractor companies have invested a lot of capital and manpower, made part load spectra under various operating conditions, organized simulation tests and stress analysis, and compiled electronic computers based on the accumulation of a large amount of experimental data. Software for optimized design. This can not only improve product quality, but also shorten the development cycle of new products. Advanced tractor manufacturers have applied electronic computer-aided design (CAD) to product design. The research and application of optimal design are also receiving increasing attention.

Modern tractor

Tractor classification

Tractor walk tractor

The small tractor is suitable for the current agricultural small-scale operation purchasing capacity and use conditions, and has strong vitality. Small tractors include walk-behind tractors and small four-wheel tractors. At the end of 1993, there were more than 80 factories producing small tractors nationwide, producing 855,000 small tractors, of which more than 382,000 were manual tractors.

walking tractor

(1) Large walking tractor

The 8.8 kW (12 hp) walking tractor has been the main product of the walking sales market for many years. The sales market is mainly in South Central, East China and Southwest. The demand for hand walking tractors in the Northwest, Northwest, Northeast, and North China is relatively small small. The leading products of walking tractors are still Dongfeng-12, Workers and Peasants-12K, Hongwei-12, and other four 8.8 kW (12 horsepower) stereotypes. With the development of the situation, the future development trend of small tractors will be upwards to 11 kW (15 hp), 13.2 kW (18 hp), and downwards to 4.4 kW (6 hp) and 5.9 kW (8 hp).

(Two) small and medium-sized walking tractors

Medium size generally refers to 4.4 to 5.9 (6 to 8 horsepower); small size generally refers to 2.2 to 3.7 kilowatts (3 to 5 horsepower). In the 1980s, with the reform of the rural economic system and the implementation of the joint production contract responsibility system, the demand for small and medium-sized hand-held tractors increased rapidly. The main types of small walking tractors are GN-31, Danxia-4, Yangtze River-51, Yangtze River-31, and Jiangxi TY-81.

Tractor wheel tractor

In 1993, there were 13 large and medium-sized tractor production plants, with a total of 16 types of tractors, including: 14 types of wheels, 2 types of crawlers, 2 types of skids, and 3 types of agricultural four-wheel drive. The power range is from 18.4 to 58.9 kilowatts (25 to 80 horsepower). The annual output is 47,000 units, of which wheeled tractors account for 64% and crawler tractors account for 36%. Small four-wheeled tractors refer to small wheeled tractors with a power of 8.8 to 11 kilowatts (12 to 15 horsepower). There are more than 60 production plants with an annual output of 421,000 units. In 1993, the National Agricultural Machinery Company systematically sold 38,500 large and medium-sized tractors and 351,000 tractors.

Wheel tractor

(A) small four-wheel tractor

Small four-wheeled tractors have a history of production and use in China for more than 20 years. In 1993, the number of small tractors was 3.71 million, accounting for 47% of the number of small tractors. Because it is suitable for the current rural production system and facilitates short-distance transportation in rural areas, In recent years, it has developed rapidly. There are 7 basic types of small four-wheel tractors and more than 60 models. The main models are Taishan-12, Changchun-15, Xingtai-120 / 140, Workers and Peasants-12C, Dongfanghong-150 / 170/180, Tieniu-120, Changchun-15, Jiangsu-120 / 150, Songjiang-12, Jianghuai-12, Hebei-150, Wutaishan-150, Tianshui-15, Xinjiang-150, etc. Small four-wheel tractors are developing from 8.8 kilowatts to 11 kilowatts and 13.2 kilowatts. Some models of the structure have been changed from belt drive to direct-gear full gear drive. The 13.2 kW small four-wheel tractors have bumper-180 / 184, TY-180, and Jinma-180 models.

(2) 18.4 to 29.4 kW (25 to 40 horsepower) wheeled tractors

The 18.4 kW (25 hp) wheeled tractor is a variant of the original Dongfanghong-20 wheeled tractor designed by China for the first time in the mid to late 1960s. The main production plants and models are: Shandong Tractor Factory produces Taishan-25 tractors, which are mainly used in dry land operations; Hubei Tractor Factory produces Shenni-25 tractors, which are mainly used in paddy fields and used both water and dry; Four-wheel drive Benye-254 tractor. Models derived from this class include the 22 kW (30 hp) Taishan-300 and Shenniu-30 tractors. The 800 and 900 RS / DT series 19.1 ~ 29.4 kW (26 ~ 40 horsepower) wheeled tractors imported by Italy's Goldoni Company from China First Tractor Engineering Machinery Company. In addition, there is a modified version of the original Dongfanghong-28 (20.6 kW) wheeled tractor, the Changchun 400, which is equipped with the 495A produced by the Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Factory without changing most parts of the original chassis. The Type 5 diesel engine changes the front and rear tires and increases the power to 29.4 kilowatts (40 horsepower).

(3) 36.8 47.8 kW (50 65 horsepower) wheeled tractor

The main production plants and models are: Shanghai-50 tractor, which is used for both water and drought, produced by Shanghai Tractor Factory. The fourth modification is the Shanghai-50N, and the Shanghai-504 four-wheel drive variant. Newly developed products include the introduction of Fiat (45-60 hp) tractors. The Tieniu-55C wheeled tractor produced by Tianjin Tractor Factory is the main product of the plant. The modified products include 55G loader, 55H roller, 55CW excavator, etc., which have been greatly improved on the basis of Tieniu-55. The new product Tieniu-650 wheeled tractor has increased its power from 40.4 kW (55 hp) to 47.8 (65 hp). The Tianjin Tractor Factory also introduced the 2140 and 3140 tractors (80 to 100 horsepower) from Deere. Changchun-1140CN tractor (40 horsepower) produced by Changchun Tractor Factory.

Tractor track tractor

This series is divided into 55 ~ 58.8 kilowatts (75 ~ 80 horsepower) agricultural crawler tractors and agricultural and forestry wheel tractors. The main production plants and models are: Dongfanghong-75 type crawler tractor produced by China First Tractor Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd., variants Dongfanghong-60TJ forward push-back suspension tractor, Dongfanghong-802 crawler tractor and Dongfanghong LF90 series wheeled tractors, etc. Dongfanghong-802 crawler tractor is the replacement product of Dongfanghong-75 tractor. Its power has been increased from 55 kW (75 hp) to 58.8 kW (80 hp). Dongfanghong-LF90 series wheeled tractor is the introduction of Fiat 90 series wheeled tractor chassis, supporting the engine designed by Ricardo. There are three types of tractors: LF60 · 90 (60 horsepower) and LF80 · 90 (100 horsepower). The 4450CL four-wheel drive 118 kW (160 hp) wheeled tractor produced by Shenyang Tractor Factory. The J-80 skidder tractor is used for articulated four-wheel drive tractors that are mainly used for log operations in the forest area and can be comprehensively utilized. The aircraft has superior off-road performance and strong climbing ability.

Crawler tractor

Tractor plow

The machine-cultivated boat, also known as a boat-shaped tractor, is a unique new type of paddy field power machinery in China's paddy field mechanization operation, which solves the problem that the tractor cannot go down to deep mud foot paddy fields (including lake fields, Putian, winter paddy fields, and mudflat fields). The areas used are southern paddy fields such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong.

Machine-tilled boat

Tractor tiller

The cultivator was developed in the early 1980s. It is a simple small farmland and machinery. It is a simple single-axle tractor without a gearbox. Its power is 2.21 to 3.31 kilowatts (3 to 4.5 horsepower). The households with narrow fields, "flower arrangements" and "flower arrangements" in the field are more commonly used in Hunan, Hubei, and Guangdong provinces.

Tillage machine

Tractor farm transporter

The agricultural transport vehicle is a short-distance transport vehicle suitable for the conditions of use in China. It has Chinese characteristics, that is, a structure and performance that is between a tractor and a car. It is a diesel-powered, small tonnage, low-medium speed, low-cost transport vehicle.

Agricultural vehicle

Tractor tractor supporting agricultural tools

Tractor is a self-propelled agricultural power machine, which needs to be matched with various agricultural tools to complete the corresponding operation. Therefore, the agricultural machinery operating unit should reasonably choose the supporting agricultural tools of the tractor in order to give full play to the role of the tractor. 8.8 kW (12 hp) walking tractors, 8.8 to 11 kW (12 to 15 hp) small four-wheel tractors, 18.4 kW (25 hp) four-wheel tractors, 36.8 kW (50 hp) four-wheel tractors, 40.4 to 47.8 Kilowatt (55-65 horsepower) four-wheel tractor, Dongfanghong-802 type.

Tractor engineering tractor

The tractor's durability and engine power make it the most suitable for engineering tasks. Tractor is often installed with some engineering tools, such as bulldozers, bulldozers, transfer equipment, buckets, arable equipment, harvesters, etc. Bulldozers and buckets are often installed in front of the tractor. After the tractor is installed with engineering tools, it is usually named an engineering vehicle.

Bulldozers are usually crawler tractors with blades in the front and rope winches in the back. The bulldozer is a very powerful tractor, and it has very good contact with the ground. Its main task is to push or pull things.

Bulldozers are constantly evolving, with more and more new products and features not found in previous tractors. An example is the loader. He replaced the original blade with a large bucket and raised or lowered the bucket with a hydraulic arm, so it was easy to pick up dirt, rock, and soft materials and load them on a truck.

The front loader and loader are tractors with engineering tools. They have two hydraulically powered arms, one on each side of the front nacelle. The other is a dumping device, which is actually a bucket with a large opening. A flat fork or a baler is installed.

Bulldozer variants also include making the equipment smaller to work in confined areas where movement is restricted. There is also a small wheel loader, which is exactly known as a skid steer loader, and has a nickname of "Lynx". It is particularly suitable for excavation works in limited spaces.

Front and rear drive tractor

Front and rear drive tractors are improved on the basis of walk-behind tractors, which are mainly used for climbing four wheels at the same time to make the performance of the car better. For example, walk-by tractors pull 4 tons of goods It can climb with the two front wheels, and drive the tractor to pull 6-7 tons forward and backward at the same gradient to easily go uphill. That's the benefit

National Standards for Tractor

Current national standards related to tractors ^[2]

GB / T 14226-1993 Three-point suspension device for lawn and garden tractors

GB / T 6232-1998 Agricultural and forestry tractors and mechanical wheels installation dimensions on wheels

GB / T 8421-2000 Laboratory measurement and limit of vibration transmitted by driver's seat of agricultural wheeled tractor

GB / T 4269.1-2000 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and horticultural power machinery Operator symbols and other display devices with symbols-Part 1: General symbols

GB / T 4269.2-2000 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and horticultural power machinery Operator symbols and other display device symbols-Part 2: Agricultural tractors and machinery symbols

GB / T 4329-2001 Agricultural and forestry tractors and implements Lock pins and elastic pins Dimensions and requirements

GB / T 9480-2001 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and horticultural power machinery instruction manual writing rules

GB / T 6961-2003 Requirements for the use of tractor power output shafts and traction devices

GB / T 10916-2003 Agricultural wheel tractor front device part 1: power output shaft and three-point suspension device

GB / T 13877.5-2003 Enclosed cabs for agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery. Part 5: Test methods for air pressure regulating systems

GB / T 1593.2-2003 agricultural three-point rear-mounted three-point suspension for agricultural wheeled tractors-Part 1: 1N

GB / T 10911-2003 Matching of agricultural wheeled tractors and rear suspension farm implements

GB / T 16955-1997 Acoustics: Simple method for measuring noise at the position of agricultural and forestry tractors and machine operators

GB / T 17122-1997 lawn and garden riding tractor power output bushing

GB / T 17123-1997 single point bushing suspension device for lawn and garden ride-on tractors

GB / T 17124-1997 lawn and garden ride tractor towbar

GB / T 17125-1997 Technical Specification for Four-point Rigid Mounting Device for Agricultural Tractor and Machinery

GB / T 17127.2-1997 Three-point suspension couplings for agricultural wheeled tractors and implements. Part 2: A-frame couplings

GB / T 17127.1-1998 Three-point suspension couplings for agricultural wheeled tractors and implements. Part 1: U-shaped frame couplings

GB / T 17127.3-1998 Three-point suspension couplings for agricultural wheeled tractors and implements. Part 3: Link couplings

GB / T 4269.3-2000 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and horticultural power machinery Operator symbols for operator control mechanisms and other display devices Part 3: Symbols for lawn and horticultural power machinery

GB / T 13877.1-2003 Agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery. Enclosed cabs. Part 1: Vocabulary

GB / T 13877.2-2003 Enclosed cabs for agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery. Part 2: Test methods and performance requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems

GB / T 13877.3-2003 Enclosed cabs for agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery. Part 3: Determination of the efficiency of solar heating systems

GB / T 13877.4-2003 Agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery. Enclosed cabs. Part 4: Test methods for air filters

GB / T 19040-2003 Steering requirements for agricultural wheeled tractors

GB / T 17127.4-2003 Three-point suspension couplings for agricultural wheeled tractors and implements. Part 4: Rod couplings

GB / T 19209.1-2003 General rules for quality inspection of tractor repair Part 1: Wheeled tractors

GB / T 19209.2-2003 General rules for quality inspection of tractor repair Part 2: Tracked tractors

GB / T 19407-2003 Maximum operating force of agricultural tractor operating device

GB / T 10910-2004 Measurement of the whole body vibration of the driver of agricultural wheeled tractors and field machinery

GB / T 19498-2004 Agricultural and forestry tractor protective device static test method and acceptance technical conditions

GB / T 15369-2004 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery safety technical requirements Part 3: Tractor

GB / T 1593.4-2004 agricultural three-point rear-mounted three-point suspension device for agricultural wheeled tractors. Part 4: Class 0

GB / T 6238-2004 Agricultural tractor cab doorway, emergency exit and driver's working position dimensions

GB / T 6235-2004 agricultural tractor driver seat device dimensions

GB / T 13875-2004 General technical requirements for walking tractors

GB / T 15370-2004 General technical requirements for agricultural wheeled and tracked tractors

GB / T 3871.11-2005 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 11: High temperature performance test

GB / T 3871.12-2005 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 12: Use test

GB 10395.12-2005 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 12: Portable powered hedge trimmers

GB / T 3871.8-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 8: Noise measurement

GB / T 3871.2-2006 Test rules for agricultural tractors Part 2: Measurement of complete machine parameters

GB 10395.6-2006 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery safety technical requirements Part 6: Plant protection machinery

GB 10395.13-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 13: Rear-operated and hand-held power lawn trimmers and lawn trimmers

GB / T 3871.16-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 16: Determination of shaft power

GB 10395.7-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 7: Combine harvesters, feed and cotton harvesters

GB / T 3871.13-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 13: Measurement of exhaust smoke

GB / T 3871.9-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 9: Traction power test

GB / T 3871.17-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 17: Engine air filters

GB / T 3871.18-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 18: Hydraulic power at the interface between tractor and implement

GB / T 3871.1-2006 Agricultural tractor test regulations Part 1: General requirements

GB / T 3871.15-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 15: Center of mass

GB / T 3871.3-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 3: Power output shaft power test

GB 10395.5-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 5: Driven tillage machinery

GB / T 3871.4-2006 Test rules for agricultural tractors Part 4: Lifting capacity of rear three-point suspension

GB / T 3871.7-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 7: Driver's field of vision

GB / T 3871.5-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures Part 5: Steering circle and passing circle diameter

GB / T 3871.19-2006 Test rules for agricultural tractors Part 19: Steering performance of wheeled tractors

GB / T 3871.14-2006 Test rules for agricultural tractors-Part 14: Non-mechanical transmission of partial power output PTO shaft

GB / T 3871.6-2006 Agricultural tractor test regulations Part 6: Determination of braking performance of agricultural and forestry vehicles

GB / T 3871.10-2006 Agricultural tractor test procedures-Part 10: Low temperature starting

GB 10395.9-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery-Part 9: Sowing, planting and fertilizing machinery

GB 10395.8-2006 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery safety technical requirements-Part 8: Drainage and irrigation pumps and pump units

GB 10396-2006 General principles for safety signs and hazard graphics of agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery, lawn and garden power machinery

GB 10395.15-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 15: Power trimming machines with rigid cutting devices

GB 10395.14-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 14: Power shredders and shredders

GB 10395.10-2006 Safety requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery. Part 10: Walk-behind mini tillers

GB / T 20344-2006 Agricultural tractors and machinery power transmission couplings

GB / T 20341-2006 agricultural and forestry tractors and self-propelled machinery operator operating mechanism operating force, displacement, operating position and method

GB / T 20342-2006 Remote hydraulic power servo and control mechanism marking for agricultural tractors and machinery

GB / T 20343-2006 Clearance range on the coupling device of agricultural tractors and machinery three-point suspension tools

GB / T 20339-2006 Technical specification of sensor coupling device for agricultural tractors and machinery fixed on tractors

GB / T 20791-2006 Brackets and orifices for external controls of agricultural and forestry tractors

GB / T 20792-2006 Method for determining the maximum speed of wheeled tractors

GB / T 6960.1-2007 Terminology of tractors Part 1: Complete machine

GB / T 6960.5-2007 Tractor terminology Part 5: Steering system

GB / T 6960.2-2007 Tractor terminology Part 2: Power train

GB / T 6960.3-2007 Tractor terminology Part 3: Brake system

GB / T 6960.7-2007 Tractor terminology Part 7: Cab, driver's seat and cover

GB / T 6960.6-2007 Tractor terminology Part 6: Hydraulic suspension system and traction and towing device

GB / T 13876-2007 Evaluation Indexes for Whole-body Vibration of Agricultural Wheeled Tractor Drivers

GB / T 6960.4-2007 Terminology of tractors Part 4: Travel system

GB / T 7927-2007 Vibration measurement method of walking tractor

GB / T 2778-2007 Agricultural tractor power output pulley peripheral speed and width

GB / T 20953-2007 Determination of combustion characteristics of agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery cab interior materials

GB / T 20948-2007 Technical requirements for rearview mirrors for agricultural and forestry tractors

GB / T 15833-2007 Test methods for forestry wheeled and tracked tractors

GB / T 15832-2007 General technical requirements for forestry wheeled and tracked tractors

GB / T 6229-2007 Test methods for walking tractors

GB / T 20949-2007 Regulations for the installation of lighting and light signal devices for agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors

GB / T 3373-2008 agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery wheels

GB / T 6236-2008 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery driver's seat marking points

GB / T 14786-2008 Torsion fatigue test method for agricultural and forestry tractors and mechanically driven wheels

GB / T 2780-2008 Agricultural tractor traction device type size and installation requirements

GB / T 14785-2008 Agricultural and forestry tractors and mechanical wheels side load fatigue test method

GB / T 6573-2008 Tractor Diesel Radiator Modeling Method

GB 18447.1-2008 Safety requirements for tractors Part 1: Wheeled tractors

GB / T 5862-2008 General hydraulic quick-change couplings for agricultural tractors and implements

GB / T 21955-2008 Technical requirements for paper-based friction discs for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery

GB / T 21959-2008 Technical conditions for tractor transport units

GB / T 21957-2008 Fatigue life test method for semi-axle and drive shaft bench of agricultural wheeled tractor

GB / T 7121.1-2008 Agricultural and forestry wheel tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 1: Rear-mounted static test method

GB / T 21956.3-2008 Agricultural and forestry narrow track wheeled tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 3: Rear-mounted static test method

GB / T 21956.2-2008 Agricultural and forestry narrow track wheeled tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 2: Front dynamic test method

GB / T 21956.1-2008 Agricultural and forestry narrow track wheeled tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 1: Front static test method

GB / T 21960-2008 Agricultural and forestry tractor driver seat test methods and acceptance conditions

GB / T 21958-2008 front drive axle of wheel tractor

GB 16151.1-2008 Safety technical requirements for agricultural machinery operation Part 1: Tractor

GB / T 7121.2-2008 Agricultural and forestry wheeled tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 2: Rear-mounted dynamic test method

GB / T 1592.3-2008 Agricultural tractor rear PTO shaft type 1, 2 and 3 Part 3: PTO shaft size and spline size, PTO shaft position

GB / T 16877-2008 Disabled and scrapped tractors

GB / T 1592.1-2008 Agricultural tractor rear PTO shaft types 1, 2 and 3 Part 1: General requirements, safety requirements, protective cover size and clearance range

GB / T 1592.2-2008 Agricultural tractor rear PTO shaft type 1, 2 and 3 Part 2: Narrow track tractor cover size and clearance range

GB 6376-2008 tractor noise limit

GB 18447.4-2008 Safety requirements for tractors Part 4: Belt-driven wheeled tractors

GB 18447.3-2008 Safety requirements for tractors Part 3: Tracked tractors

GB 18447.2-2008 Safety requirements for tractors Part 2: Walk-behind tractors

GB / T 21956.4-2009 Agricultural and forestry narrow track wheeled tractor protective device strength test methods and acceptance conditions. Part 4: Rear dynamic test method

GB / T 23292-2009 Test method for tractor fuel tank

GB 24387-2009 agricultural and forestry tractor fuel tank safety requirements

GB / T 2779-2009 Tractor trailer size and installation requirements

GB / T 7120-2009 agricultural wheel tractors and implements three-point suspension coupler 3N, 4N

GB / T 24660.2-2009 agricultural tractor passenger seat

GB / T 24640-2009 General technical requirements for amphibious tractors

GB / T 24646-2009 Tractor calibration power test method

GB / T 24660.1-2009 Technical requirements for driver's seat of agricultural and forestry tractor

GB / T 24643-2009 Test method for fuel consumption of tractor units in the field

GB / T 24642-2009 Running-in rules for belt-driven wheeled tractors

GB / T 24651-2009 Technical specifications of tractor shift forks

GB / T 24654-2009 Agricultural wheeled tractors and attachments for front loader attachment brackets

GB / T 19408.3-2009 Mechanical connection of agricultural vehicle trailers and tractors Part 3: Tractor towbars

GB / T 24641-2009 General technical specifications of tractor units with working tools

GB / T 24659.4-2009 Technical requirements for metal track shoes of agricultural track tractors

GB / T 24644-2009 Test methods and performance requirements for falling objects of agricultural and forestry tractors

GB / T 24659.1-2009 Technical requirements for guide wheels of agricultural track tractors

GB / T 24659.2-2009 Technical requirements for driving wheels of agricultural crawler tractors

GB / T 24659.3-2009 agricultural track tractor technical specifications

GB / T 15370.2-2009 General technical requirements for agricultural tractors Part 2: 50kW 130kW wheeled tractors

GB / T 24650-2009 Technical specifications of tractor spline shaft

GB / T 24655-2009 Split hydraulic cylinder for agricultural tractors

GB / T 24652-2009 Wheel tractor steering rocker technical specifications

GB / T 24653-2009 Technical conditions for agricultural axle tractor axle

GB / T 24648.1-2009 Reliability assessment of tractors

GB / T 24645-2009 Test method for anti-mud water tightness of tractors

GB / T 24649.1-2009 Technical specifications of the air reservoir of the tractor trailer air brake system

GB / T 24649.2-2009 Technical specifications for distribution valve of tractor trailer air brake system

GB / T 24649.3-2009 Technical specifications of air compressor for tractor trailer air brake system

GB / T 24649.4-2009 Technical conditions of air brake valve for tractor trailer air brake system

GB / T 24649.5-2009 Technical conditions of brake chamber for tractor trailer air brake system

GB / T 24656-2009 Technical conditions for tractor diesel filters

GB / T 24657-2009 Technical requirements for tractor cast iron rims

GB / T 24658-2009 Technical specifications of tractor exhaust muffler

GB / T 24647-2009 tractor adaptability evaluation method

GB / T 24668-2009 agricultural and forestry tractors and implements auxiliary hydraulic system

GB / T 24669-2009 Auxiliary power transmission couplings for agricultural and forestry tractors and machine driver operating positions

GB / T 5263-2009 Agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery Power output universal joint drive shaft protective cover strength and wear test and acceptance specification

GB / T 17126.1-2009 Agricultural tractors and machinery. PTO shafts and power input connection devices. Part 1: General manufacturing and safety requirements

GB / T 17126.2-2009 Agricultural tractors and machinery. Power output universal joint drive shafts and power input connection devices. Part 2: Specifications for power output universal joint drive shafts, power output drive trains and power input connection devices for various coupling devices. Position and clearance range

GB / T 25410-2010 tractor-powered mobile pumping station

GB / T 25424-2010 agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery windshield wipers

GB / T 25399-2010 agricultural and forestry tractors and mechanical hydraulic connectors brake circuit

GB 25682.1-2010 Limits and determination methods for traction efficiency of belt-driven tractors. Part 1: Wheeled tractors

GB / T 3372-2010 rim series for tractors and agricultural and forestry machinery

GB / T 15370.4-2012 General technical requirements for agricultural tractors. Part 4: Tracked tractors

GB / T 1593.1-1996 Agricultural wheeled tractors with rear-mounted three-point suspensions. Part 1: Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Tractor driving principle and influencing factors

Principle of tractor driving

The ability to travel is based on the power of the internal combustion engine passing through the transmission system, so that the driving wheels get the driving torque Mk. For horizontal driving force P _{k of} equal driving force and opposite direction, this P _k driving force is the driving force (also referred to as feeding force) that propels the tractor forward. When the driving force P _{k is} sufficient to overcome the forward rolling resistance of the front and rear wheels and the traction resistance of the agricultural implements, the tractor moves forward. If the driving wheel is lifted off the ground, that is, the driving force P _{k is} equal to zero, the driving wheel can only idle in place, and the tractor cannot run; if the sum of rolling resistance and traction resistance is greater than the driving force P _k , the tractor cannot run. It can be seen that the driving of the wheeled tractor is realized by the interaction between the driving torque driving wheels and the ground, and the driving force is greater than the sum of rolling resistance and traction resistance.

Factors affecting tractors

1. Rolling resistance. The rolling resistance of a tractor is mainly caused by the deformation of the tire and the soil. Under the weight of the tractor, the tire is flattened and the soil is compacted. During the rolling of the wheel, the parts of the tire that are in contact with the ground along the direction of the circle are flattened and deformed, and the soil above the wheel is pressed down to deform the soil to form a rut, which creates a hindrance to the wheel. Rolling resistance. There are many factors that affect rolling resistance, mainly related to the solid and wet ground vertical load. For the same tractor, if the ground conditions are different, its rolling resistance is also different. For example, if the rolling resistance is low on asphalt and cement or on dry and hard ground, the tractor traction is large. Under the same conditions of use, if it is added to the tire, The heavier the weight, the greater the vertical deformation of the soil and the greater the rolling resistance. Generally speaking, reducing the deformation of the tire itself and the vertical deformation of the soil is beneficial to reducing rolling resistance. If the tractor runs on soft ground and uses low-pressure tires to increase the tire support area, the vertical deformation of the soil can be reduced, rolling resistance can be reduced, and traction can be improved. Because tractors are mainly used in field operations, they often travel on soft ground. In order to reduce the deformation of the soil in the vertical direction, the lowest pressure tires generally used by tractors are the same. In our business, we should pay attention to the differences in the use of low-pressure tires, wide tires and high-pressure tires.

2. Traction resistance. Traction resistance is the resistance to be overcome by the tractor driving the agricultural implements, and it is equal to the traction force that the tractor transmits to the agricultural implements through the connecting device. Because traction is equal to driving minus rolling resistance, increasing driving force and reducing rolling resistance are effective measures to increase traction.

3. Driving force. It is the horizontal reaction force of the road surface to the driving wheels. Therefore, the magnitude of the driving torque Mk transmitted from the internal combustion engine to the driving wheels through the transmission system indicates that the driving force Pk of the tractor is also larger. But because Mk is determined by the power of the internal combustion engine, Pk is also limited by the power of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, Pk is limited by the soil conditions and cannot be increased indefinitely, because when the reaction force of the soil, that is, the driving force Pk increases to a certain degree, the soil is destroyed, the driving wheel is severely slipped, and the driving force Pk cannot be increased. We call the maximum reaction force of the soil to the driving wheel "adhesion". It can be seen that the maximum value of the driving force Pk is not only limited by the internal combustion engine rate, but also by the soil adhesion, and cannot be increased indefinitely.

Adhesion reflects the ability to generate maximum driving force between the drive and the soil. There are many factors that affect the adhesion, mainly related to the conditions of the ground, tire pressure, size, pattern, and the vertical load on the tire and other factors. For tractors, under certain soil conditions, reducing tire air pressure, increasing tire support area, improving the wheel's ability to hold soil, and increasing the weight of the wheels, etc., are conducive to improving the tractor's attachment. Focus on the use of low-pressure tires on tractors, and some tractors use widened tires and high-pattern tires and counterweight iron on the tractor drive wheels, all are measures to increase the tractor's adhesion and improve the tractor's traction ability . However, it should be pointed out that adding a counterweight iron to the driving wheel can increase the adhesion, but also increase the deformation of the soil in the vertical direction and increase the rolling resistance. Therefore, whether to add a counterweight iron depends on the specific use conditions and weigh the total The effect is a trade-off.

The maximum attachment capacity and resistance to slippage between the tractor drive wheel and the ground is called the tractor's attachment performance. If the adhesion performance is good and the skid is light, the driving torque can be fully used, the capacity of the internal combustion engine can be fully utilized, and the tractor appears powerful when it is working. If the adhesion performance is poor and the slippage is serious, the driving torque cannot be fully utilized, and the capacity of the internal combustion engine cannot be fully exerted, and the tractor appears to be unable to work out when it is working, or the tractor does not have much strength. The severe slip of the driving wheels will reduce the tractor's driving speed, reduce production and economy, and also accelerate the wear of the driving wheel tires. In addition, the soil structure will be damaged.

Tractor safety supervision

In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations such as the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law on Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization, the Law on Safe Production, and the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery Safety, the agricultural machinery safety supervision department is authorized to be responsible for agriculture that endangers the safety of personal property. Machinery refers to agricultural machinery that may cause damage to personal and property safety (including tractors, combine harvesters, mobile plant protection machinery, mobile threshers, feed grinders, rice transplanters, mowers, etc.) to perform comprehensive safety supervision and inspection duties.

Supervisory agency name: Agricultural Machinery Safety Supervision Department.

Supervision department functions

(1) Implement national policies and policies for agricultural mechanization and production safety.

(2) Responsible for safety technical inspection of agricultural machinery, assessment of driving operators, and issuance of licenses.

(3) Annual safety inspection of agricultural machinery.

(4) Responsible for handling agricultural machinery accidents.

(5) Carry out education and education on agricultural machinery safety.

(6) Carry out safety inspections on agricultural machinery and drivers, and punish driving violations

Tractor precautions

Precautions for tractor purchase

Agricultural machinery as a good helper for agricultural production and prosperity,

Not only must you buy and maintain it properly, but it is also very important to properly operate, use, maintain and maintain the machine.

According to Article 23 of the "Provisions on the Responsibility for Repair, Replacement and Return of Agricultural Machinery Products", the Three Guarantees cannot be implemented for any mechanical failure caused by personal reasons. To this end, the majority of operators pay attention to the following four points:

First, carefully read the manual of the machine, master the structure and performance, do not swallow the jujube, think it is right, and can not act as "best know-how".

Second, the operation of machinery must follow the operating procedures, maintenance and attention to methods, must not be careless, can not fool around.

3. Agricultural machinery has a limited number of functions, and there are regulations for the speed of trucks. Avoid "small horse-drawn carts".

Fourth, we must not operate the diseased machinery. Once the machinery is found to be defective, immediately stop the operation and perform maintenance and repairs in a timely manner.

How to use the tractor in summer

In summer, the temperature is high, and the tractor works in a high temperature environment. Pay attention to the following issues.

1. Handle the "open pan" carefully When the cooling water "opens the pan", you should handle it carefully. The correct method is to make the engine run at a medium speed, open the radiator cover, and let out the hot air. After cooling down, slowly add cold water. When opening the radiator cover, the operator should stand in an upwind position, with his face not facing the water inlet, so as not to be burned by the hot water vapor.

2. Keep the cooling system clean Before the summer arrives, thoroughly descale the cooling system to clean the water pump and radiator pipes to ensure the normal circulation of cooling water. In addition, weeds and other substances attached to the surface of the radiator should be removed in time.

3 To prevent water leakage in the cooling system, leaks occur at the pump shaft sleeve. At this time, the water seal compression nut is properly tightened. If it is invalid, it indicates that the packing has failed and should be replaced in time. The filler can be wound with graphite powder coated asbestos rope.

4 Pay attention to the tension of the belt. The fan belt is too loose, and it is easy to slip, so that the speed of the fan and water pump is reduced, and the wind is insufficient. The general requirements are: when the thumb is pressed in the middle of the belt, the amount of belt sag is in the range of 10 mm to 15 mm. If it is too loose or too tight, it should be adjusted in time.

5. Proper use of thermostats There are two types of thermostats: automatic (such as thermostats) and manual (such as thermal curtains and blinds). Some drivers think that it is hot in summer, and the lower the water temperature is, the better, often removing the thermostat. In this way, when the cold car is started, the engine warm-up time will be greatly extended, and the wear of the parts will be accelerated. Therefore, the thermostat should not be removed in summer. Insulation curtains and blinds are used to adjust the amount of air passing through the radiator. In summer, thermal insulation curtains are generally not needed, and shutters should also be placed in the fully open position.

6. Proper selection of oil fuel in high summer temperatures can use diesel with a higher freezing point, and to ensure the accuracy of the fuel supply advance angle. In addition, special care should be taken to prevent oil leakage in the oil supply system, because oil leakage not only causes waste of oil, but also may cause fire. In addition to diesel, lubricating oils and greases should also be used in accordance with regulations. Some tractors have an oil temperature reversing valve, which should be turned to the position where the oil leads to the oil radiator during seasonal maintenance.

7. Pay attention to the maintenance of the battery. In the summer, the water in the battery electrolyte is easy to evaporate. Pay special attention to the inspection of the battery level. The normal liquid level should be 10 mm-15 mm higher than the plate. The electrolyte density of the battery should be reduced as required. Unblock the ventilation holes on the filler cap. Store temporarily unused batteries in a cool, ventilated place.

8. The higher the temperature of the fuel gas barrier, the faster the evaporation, the easier it is to form a gas barrier in the oil circuit. Therefore, in the summer, the fuel filter should be cleaned in time to keep the oil circuit open; a wet cloth can be covered on the fuel pump during driving, and water can be sprayed regularly to keep it moist and reduce the generation of air resistance. Once the fuel system has air resistance, it should be stopped immediately to cool down, and the oil circuit is filled with fuel by hand.

9. Anti-engine deflagration The engine generates deflagration due to overheating, which will increase the wear of the upper part of the cylinder by 3 to 5 times. Therefore, it is necessary to completely remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, valve head, etc .; check and adjust the fuel supply amount and fuel supply time to prevent explosion.

Tractor Failure Analysis

First, the oil tank oil supply switch leaks oil: the reason is that the graphite and asbestos oil seal at the switch is damaged.

Exclusion: 1. Remove the switch, remove the packing, and use oil-resistant rubber sheets to make two circular pads with an outer diameter 1 mm larger than the switch housing hole and an inner diameter 1.50 mm larger than the handle screw. Then put it on the handle screw together and tighten the gland device. 2. Wrap graphite and asbestos ropes between the two steel pads and fill them, and tighten the gland device.

Second, the oil tank drain faucet leaks: The reason is that the steel ball rust in the faucet may fail.

Exclusion: Replace the steel ball (15 mm in diameter, can be replaced by a steel ball in a bearing with an inner diameter of 80 mm).

3. Oil leakage from tubing bell mouth: The reason is that the cone face of the tubing bell mouth and the bell mouth seat are not well sealed.

Exclusion: 1. Screw the end of the horn first. 2. After grinding the bell mouth joint, apply sealant on the cone surface, then tighten or saw the bell mouth, and re-expand one with the expander.

4. Oil leakage from hollow screw joints: The reasons are: 1. The end face of the tubing joint and the washer are uneven; 2. The convexity of the screw holes on the housing is uneven.

The troubleshooting method is as follows: Polish the joints and gaskets. Flatten the hexagonal inner surface of the hollow screw, then tighten or apply sealant to both sides of the washer.

5. Oil leakage at the joint surface of the casing: The reason is that the oil leak at the joint surface of the casing such as the oil pan, the cylinder head, the valve cover, the timing gear chamber cover, the transmission cover, and the starter transmission cover is generally Each fastener was not tightened, and the gasket was damaged or failed.

Exclusion: 1. Always do a good job of fastening. 2. For parts that are not frequently disassembled, such as paper pads, apply red glue to both sides of the paper pads. 3. For areas that are frequently disassembled, such as valve chamber covers, filter housings, etc. And pad with lead oil. When tightening, the bolts on the part should be tightened symmetrically several times. In addition, the gasket should be intact, the joint surface of the parts should be flat and clean, and there should be no misalignment and deformation of the parts.

6. Oil leakage at each joystick shaft: Causes are as follows: 1. Sealing gasket is damaged. 2. The clearance between the shaft and the hole increases.

Exclusion: A suitable oil-resistant rubber can be selected as the gasket according to the diameter of the shaft. The inner diameter is 1-3 mm smaller than the shaft diameter, and it can be installed on the shaft surface in contact with the hole wall and pressed.

7. Leakage of crankcase oil: The reason is that the paper pad is broken or the screws are loose.

Exclusion: Remove the oil pan and remove the gasket for inspection. If the gasket is intact, wipe it and apply a layer of red glue; if it is damaged, replace it with a new gasket. Apply a layer of red glue. The screws should be tightened symmetrically and evenly.

8. Leakage of high-pressure oil pipe: The reason is that after the high-pressure oil pipe is used for a long time, the conical surface of the joint is worn, resulting in a tight seal.

Exclusion: Pad a piece of plastic pipe with a length of 1-2 mm and a diameter of about 5 mm at the joint of the conical surface of the high-pressure tubing and the tapered hole, or a copper gasket with an inner diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the tubing and an appropriate outer diameter, or replace with a new high-pressure tubing .

Nine, gearbox leaking gear oil: the reason is 1, the gearbox bearing and the shaft hole clearance is too large; 2, oil seal wear and aging.

The troubleshooting method is as follows: The box shaft hole clearance is too large, and it can be repaired by the insert method. If oil leakage is caused by wear and aging of the oil seal, the oil seal should be replaced.

X. Oil leakage from track rollers, support rollers and guide wheels: The reasons are: 1. Rubber seals are worn and aging; 2. Seal rings are severely worn.

The troubleshooting method is as follows: Replace the rubber sealing sleeve in time. Replace the large upper seal ring. The two rough joint surfaces of the seal ring must be properly ground, and coated with a layer of graphite grease on both sides. After installation, it must not enter water and dirt after walking for 24 hours.

Eleven, oil leakage and oil drain port leakage: the reason is that 1, diesel tanks, gasoline tanks, hydraulic oil tanks, diesel thickness filters, high-pressure oil pumps, oil pans, gearboxes and other sealing threads and pitch are not consistent. 2. There is no sealing rubber on the diesel tank cover.

The troubleshooting method is as follows: Keep the screws and pitches at the seals consistent, and use thin buckles. Install sealing rubber.