What Is Green Construction?

Throughout the life cycle, it is a high-quality building that saves resources, protects the environment, reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable, and efficient use of space, and maximizes the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.

Green Building

(Buildings capable of achieving energy saving and emission reduction purposes)

The evaluation of green buildings should follow the principle of adapting to local conditions and combining with the characteristics of the climate, environment, resources, economy and culture of the building's location, it is safe and durable, healthy and comfortable, convenient to live, resource-saving, and environment-friendly 5 categories during the entire life of the building Index and other properties for comprehensive evaluation.

The evaluation of green buildings should be based on a single building or group of buildings. The evaluation object shall implement and deepen the green development requirements proposed by the higher-level statutory plan and related special plans; indicators that are systematic and integrated shall be evaluated based on the overall engineering project to which the building belongs.

The green building evaluation index system should be composed of five types of indicators: safety and durability, health and comfort, convenient living, resource conservation, and environmental livability.

Green building evaluation should be carried out after the completion of the construction project. After the design of the construction drawing is completed, pre-evaluation can be performed.

The classification is divided into three-star, two-star, one-star and basic levels from high to low. ^[1]

In 1993, the United States established the "United States Green Building Council", referred to as USGBC. Soon they recognized the need for a set of criteria to define "green buildings". In 1998, such a certification system was introduced, which is the LEED version 1.0. After extensive revisions, LEED 2.0 was released in 2000, and LEED 2.2 revised in 2005 was considered a more mature version. In this version, the criteria for "green building" are divided into six major areas, namely sustainable building location, water use efficiency, energy and environment, materials and resources, indoor air quality, and design innovation.

"Green building" certification is a voluntary activity. If the builder of a building wishes to obtain LEED certification, they can apply for registration with the "Green Building Certification Authority". The agency collaborated with the building design and construction parties to evaluate the 7 basic requirements and 69 minor items of the above six aspects. Seven of these basic requirements must be fulfilled before LEED certification can be performed. 69 small items are scored separately, and can be finally graded according to the score. For example, if you get 33 points to 38 points, they are "LEED Silver", when you get 39 points to 51 points, they are "LEED Gold", and when they are 52 or more "LEED Platinum".

Every small item in LEED certification is accompanied by a certain construction cost, some of which are high in implementation costs and some are low in implementation costs. For example, in the "sustainable building location" project, avoiding pollution during the construction process is a basic requirement, and other certifications must be achieved after meeting the standards. In the "Energy and Environment" category, the more renewable energy used, the higher the score. For example, if a building uses solar energy to meet 2.5% of the energy needs of the entire building, it will get 1 point. Increasing this ratio can also get more points. If some optimization designs are used, so that its energy consumption is lower than the standard consumption, a corresponding score can also be obtained. To meet the LEED standards of gold or platinum, the construction cost will naturally be high.

In 2009, USGBC launched a new version of LEED, which has a wider range of use and more detailed ratings. However, the basic idea remains the same, reducing the energy consumption and impact on the global environment throughout the building's life cycle.

1956

Notice on Strengthening the Management and Recording of Green Building Evaluation Marks issued on January 16, 2013

China promulgated the "Green Building Evaluation Standards" (GB / T50378-2006) in March 2006, which is the first national standard for green buildings approved by China. The general laws, regulations and policies of the state to promote new building materials ^[7]

High cost of greening

In the era when real estate sales were bombarded with advertisements and concepts, the green building has become a new word of real estate developers without exception, so that people mistakenly believe that green buildings are high-end buildings.

What exactly is the cost of green buildings and whether it will become a factor in increasing house prices, Qiu Baoxing, the Deputy Minister of Housing and Construction, answered:

When the income of Chinese people is not too high, everyone is very sensitive to house prices and housing costs. Qiu Baoxing said that when we introduced green building standards and technologies, we fully considered these issues, stipulating that the technology, products and facilities used in green buildings should be low in cost and have little impact on the price of the entire real estate. It is worth mentioning that once these technologies and equipment are applied, the return on investment is very high, because households can minimize the cost of electricity, water and other energy costs, generally within 5 to 8 years. You can recover the cost. For example, in a building energy-saving renovation project assisted by a German company, the government gave 3,000 yuan to each household, 2,000 yuan to the households themselves, and 2,000 yuan from foreign aid. A total of 7,000 yuan was invested by one household to provide external insulation for the building To the complete transformation of heating, smart, glass, doors, ceiling and water circulation systems. After the renovation, the households reduced their spending by more than 3,000 yuan a year, and many ordinary people in the surrounding areas also demanded the use of these technologies.

Qiu Baoxing said that not modern, high-tech is green, and we must break through such misunderstandings. Positioning the development path of green buildings and building energy conservation at a high-end and aristocratic level will not be successful; it has been proven that the development path can be determined to be Chinese, ordinary people's, and applicable technology in order for green buildings to develop healthily. In the past, intelligentization has taken a detour. Many intelligent buildings stay in security, sound control, etc. The lines are very complicated, the cost is very high, and even the power consumption is high. This is not the development path of intelligent buildings. . In the information age, intelligence should use more information and less energy. In some places, smart switches are implemented. You can use your mobile phone to control the energy switch at home. When you leave in winter, turn off the heating switch. Half an hour before work, you can turn on the heating switch by pressing the mobile phone. At home, the room was already warm. When the host is working outside, the home does not provide heat and can save 1/3 of the energy.

Qiu Baoxing said frankly that because the green building logo is not clear and everyone can abuse it, "green building" has become a deceptive concept for some real estate developers to raise house prices. The logo of green buildings should be promoted vigorously, and the actual performance of energy-saving, water-saving, land-saving, material-saving and indoor environment of buildings should be measured, data should be given, and the protection of ecological environment should be provided. The green building is transformed from a simple concept into a quantitative detection standard, and the green building is marked to meet the standard, so that the pseudo-green will take its original shape and eventually exit the real estate market.

New green building

"China's newly built buildings are doing a good job of energy conservation, basically following the standards of green buildings; but the transformation of a large number of existing buildings into green buildings has not progressed smoothly, and many existing buildings are still large energy consumers." Industry experts put forward

Green buildings (6 photos)

Got such a problem.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Construction, the implementation rate of mandatory energy-saving standards for newly-built buildings during the design phase increased from 53% in 2005 to 97% in 2007; the implementation rate of mandatory energy-saving standards during the construction phase increased from 21% in 2005 to 71% in 2007, a total of about 7 million tons of standard coal can be saved each year. Within the next 30 years, we will have to build more than 40 billion square meters of buildings. In the current building management system, construction cannot be started if it fails to meet the green building standards. Therefore, the energy saving of new buildings is only an implementation issue, and the difficulty is not very large. . The difficulty lies in the energy-saving transformation of China's existing 40 billion square meters of buildings, making existing buildings green.

According to Qiu Baoxing, existing buildings have a pipe for heating from upstairs to downstairs, which are connected in series. It is not feasible to install a heat meter for each household. There has been a breakthrough in heating technology. The introduction of European advanced technology, and a meter on each heat sink, has low cost and is very suitable for China's metering transformation. This makes heating like water supply and power supply, which is strictly measured and can be regulated. According to estimates, in the northern region, if the heating in the room is adjustable, you can save 15% of the energy consumption without opening the window; if it is measurable, the host will turn off the heating when traveling or work, and turn it on later , You can save 30% of energy consumption. 30% energy consumption means that Beijing's winter heating can save 5 million tons of coal, which is equivalent to reducing 10 million tons of carbon dioxide gas. This is a huge number, and it is also a arduous goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. It is necessary to step up the reform of the urban heating system.

Energy-saving government

The power consumption of each electrical device in the standby state is generally about 10% of its power-on function; an 11-watt energy-saving lamp is equivalent to a 60-watt incandescent lamp; the use of electronic ballasts saves 30% of electricity compared to traditional ballasts %; Inverter air conditioners save 20% to 30% energy compared to conventional non-inverter air conditioners.

Qiu Baoxing said that the latest regulations require that all financially invested projects must meet the minimum standards for building energy efficiency, and must use the building energy saving logo; low-rent housing and affordable housing, no matter which company or institution builds them, must be energy-saving and green. Construction, which requires the government to implement, and the general public care about supervision. Qiu Baoxing said that energy-saving buildings and green buildings must not just stay at experts, government officials, and some large enterprises and cities. They should enter the homes of ordinary people. To let people know what a green building is, it is either a green building with flowers, green grass, fountains, and well-greened buildings. If ordinary people can pay attention to building energy conservation and green buildings, and pay attention to the energy consumption of houses, materials, the impact on the indoor environment, and the reduction of carbon dioxide gas, everyone's consensus will form the market demand for green buildings. With the market demand, building energy conservation and green buildings can be widely applied in the whole society.

Low-carbon buildings need to adapt to local conditions

It is necessary to grasp the soul adapted to local conditions and take a low-carbon road suitable for the national conditions. Without this, everything else is free of talk. The poor and the rich have their own happiness, but the poor cannot use the rich to build their own happiness. Through natural ventilation, lighting, and envelope structure, the walls and insulation layers are thickened so that the cold air outside cannot come in and the heat inside can not go out, which can reduce indoor energy consumption. Among them, the high heat transfer coefficient of glass windows is a key link. Therefore, it is necessary to make a multi-layer and multi-cavity window. The outer layer can also be coated with a low-radiation film to reflect the solar radiation heat.

How should China's low-carbon model develop?

Li Dexiang, director of the Architectural Technology Committee of the China Institute of Architecture and professor of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University: At present, there is a tendency that I use whatever you use. There is no level of technology. As long as it is suitable for the local area, it is practical technology, and it will have local characteristics, which can avoid the side of a thousand cities. In addition, we must solve the problem of indoor environmental control. According to different areas and different requirements, consideration is given to the design of the section of the building to facilitate lighting and ventilation. Architects want to become the leader of green building design. Some architects believe that green buildings should be designed by those responsible for HVAC. This is obviously wrong, because passive technology is the basic skill of architects. Only by cooperating with HVAC personnel and asking them to increase the utilization rate of air-conditioning equipment can we achieve a more efficient result.

Where is the scale of green building?

For a city to be vibrant and attractive, the best image of green architecture is to combine it with rural architecture. Vitality is usually expressed in consumption, business must be developed, and cultural leisure must be adequate. The charm of a city depends on whether the outline of the city is orderly, and whether the scale is pleasant and friendly. Most of the attention is focused on the two floors of the building. If you must build a high-rise, you should cover it with street trees so that the city is attractive. Of course, the charm of a city depends on whether the history and culture are abundant and whether the natural landscape is beautiful. With vitality and charm, talents will gather, otherwise the city will be an empty city and a dead city, with low use efficiency and a high-carbon city. So high efficiency is also low carbon.

Too much pollution in some cities (2 photos)