What Is Ground Area?

Ground mostly refers to the paving layer inside and around the building, and also refers to the paving layer (floor) on the floor surface.

1. [ Ground; The earth's surface ]: The surface of the earth

   Example: 8000 meters above the ground

2. [ District; Region ]: district

   Example: The vanguard has entered the Jiangsu ground

3. [ Local; In the locatity ]: Local

   Example: He is famous on the ground

4. [ Ground structure ]: the bottom structure of the house in the building

   Example: Concrete floor. ^[1]

   According to "

   The ground (floor) is usually composed of two parts, the surface layer and the base layer.

   Directly withstand physical and chemical effects, and form the image of the interior space. The material and structure should be selected according to the requirements of the use of the room, the use of the ground and economic conditions. ^[2]

   This includes screeds, structures and cushions, and sometimes pipelines. The leveling layer is used to ensure the surface layer is flat. The thickness depends on the flatness of the structural layer. It is generally 20 mm thick and consists of cement mortar. If it is necessary to meet the special requirements of ground slope finding, laying pipelines or sound insulation and heat insulation, a cushion of lightweight material should be added between the structural layer and the screed.

   The ground can be divided into three categories according to the construction method: integral pouring ground, plate ground, and coil ground.

   Ground overall pouring ground

   The whole piece of ground made by on-site pouring can be divided into:

   1. Inorganic material floor : There are cement floor, terrazzo floor and diamond bitter floor.

   The cement floor is usually plastered with cement mortar, which is convenient for construction, but easy to sand, and is mostly used in lower-standard buildings. If cement, fine stone chips (without sand) or dry hard cement-rich mortar is used as the surface layer and the sander is used for polishing, the ground will not be sandy. The terrazzo floor uses cement as the cementing material and dolomite as aggregate. After the cement sets to a certain hardness, it is polished with emery, then washed with oxalic acid and waxed. For example, if you choose colored cement and colored marble, you can polish it with coarse-to-fine corundum for many times, and it will become an art terrazzo. ^[3]

   Terrazzo floor has the advantages of smooth, hard, wear-resistant, etc. of natural stone floor, the price is low, and it is widely used. The surface of diamond bitter soil is made of diamond bitter soil, sawdust, talcum powder and mineral pigment plus magnesium chloride solution, adjusted into cement (sometimes mixed with sand or stone chips), smoothed and compacted, and then polished and polished with a polisher after hardening. . It is easy to clean and slightly elastic, but it is not resistant to water and high temperature. For large-area cast-in-situ floors, especially terrazzo and diamond bitter ground, in order to facilitate construction and maintenance, and to prevent deformation and cracking due to thermal expansion and contraction of the material, copper bars, aluminum bars or glass bars can be used for inlaying or grid .

   2. Organic materials floor : epoxy asphalt floor, polyvinyl acetate floor, etc. Epoxy resin asphalt floor is made of epoxy resin, asphalt paint and diethylene triamine as binder, quartz powder and quartz sand as filling material to form mortar, scraped and polished several times, thickness 3 ~ 4mm . Polyvinyl acetate plastic floor is made by adding a polyvinyl acetate emulsion with fine sand, quartz powder and other prepared mortars. After polishing and waxing, the surface of this kind of surface is smooth, easy to clean, flexible, comfortable to walk, and resistant to chemical corrosion. Pigments can be mixed according to requirements to make various colors and patterns. But it has electrostatic adsorption and is easy to age

   Floor panel, ground, floor

   10 to 50 mm thick, including:

   Natural stone floor : such as granite, marble floor. Granite floors are gray, red, green, and black. As a flooring stone often saw cut into 20 to 30 mm thick plates or blocks of 50 mm or more, the surface can be polished as smooth as the environment, can also be chiseled non-slip, with wear resistance and durability. The marble floor is polished and waxed, with beautiful texture, rich luster, and less abrasion resistance than granite. Natural stone floor is usually pasted on the screed with cement slurry. Thicker layers can also be laid directly on the sand cushion.

   Cement floor : There are terrazzo floor, cement floor, and concrete floor. They are generally prefabricated in the factory, shorten the construction period than on-site pouring, can improve the construction quality, reduce labor on the construction site, and apply the same methods as natural stone floors.

   Ceramic plate floor : about 3 to 10 mm thick. This kind of floor is abrasion-resistant, non-slip, water-resistant, acid-alkali resistant, and has a lower weight than the stone board floor. It is widely used in indoor and outdoor floors. The ceramic plate can be fired into a variety of colors, textures and patterns, and can also be designed into square, rectangular, hexagonal and other shapes according to the needs, and combined with parquet. Cement paste is usually applied to the screed.

   
   

   Wooden board floor : It has good elasticity and heat storage performance. The thickness of the board is 15-25 mm. There are ordinary wood floor, hardwood strip floor, hardwood parquet floor. Ordinary wooden floor is a strip or pre-assembled 200 or 300 mm square board with an adhesive (asphalt or polyurethane, perchloroethylene glue) on the leveling layer. If you add a layer of wooden joists with 40 × 40 mm and a distance of 400 mm on the leveling layer, and then nail the wooden slats to the wooden joists, you can get better flexibility. The gap between the joists can be used to install various pipelines. Stadiums, stages, warehouses and other buildings with large load and impact force can be used as double-layer floors.

   The joint between the floor and the panel should be laid at an angle of 45 ° or 90 °. A layer of oil paper is lined between the two boards to reduce friction. If better elasticity is required, rubber cushions can be lined under the joists, or the joists can be supported by steel or hardwood brackets. The floor thus made is called elastic flooring. In areas with high humidity, in order to prevent the boards from getting wet, deformed, or rotten, an overhead wooden floor should be used on the ground floor of the house. Wooden joists can be erected on the ridge wall, and then the floor should be laid, and the ventilation of the overhead layer should be organized.

   Metal plate floor : 6 to 40 mm thick cast iron or 1.5 to 3 mm steel plate, made of 300 mm long and 300 to 600 mm wide plates. For anti-slip, the surface can be perforated, or made into uneven patterns. The back of the metal plate is ribbed or iron feet to be embedded in the sand cushion or fixed on a steel frame. If a height-adjustable bracket is used, an aluminum alloy or steel plate of 500 to 600 mm square is placed on it to form an overhead plate-type floor, and a floor mat or carpet can be laid thereon. The overhead part can be used for laying various pipelines. It is often used in telecommunication buildings with many pipelines that require frequent maintenance and high antistatic requirements.

   Floor coil floor

   Rolled linoleum, plastic, rubber, and carpet coverings with a thickness of about 2 to 10 mm can sometimes be cut into small pieces for paving. This type of surface layer can be dry-laid on the cement mortar screed or can be glued on. When the carpet is fully covered, steel nails should be set around the room, and the carpet should be hung flat on the steel nails, or the carpet should be tightened with velcro strips. A layer of foam rubber pad can be added under the carpet to increase the floor elasticity and sound insulation performance. The coiled floor is convenient to lay, colorful, and various patterns, and has the characteristics of comfortable walking and good thermal insulation. ^[4]