What Is Panelized Construction?

The decorative project is to apply artificial, natural blocks to the surface of the base layer to form a decorative layer. There are many types of blocks, which can be divided into: facing tiles, such as glazed tiles, exterior wall tiles, ceramic mosaic tiles; natural stone decorative panels, such as marble, granite, etc .; artificial stone decorative panels, such as precast terrazzo, water-washed stone, artificial Marble, glass curtain wall, etc. ^[1]

Commonly used facing tiles include glazed tiles, facing tiles and ceramic mosaic tiles.

The decorative panel project is a construction method in which natural stone, artificial stone, and metal decorative panel are installed on the base layer to form a decorative surface. There are two main types of natural stone for building decoration: marble and granite. Artificial stone generally includes artificial marble (granite) and precast terrazzo decorative panels. Metal decorative panels are mainly aluminum alloy plates, plastic aluminum plates, color coated steel plates, color stainless steel plates, mirror stainless steel panels, etc. The installation process of the decorative panel includes the traditional wet work method, dry hanging method and direct paste method.

Facing engineering veneer wet construction

The installation process of marble, granite, precast terrazzo slab is basically the same. Take marble as an example, the process of wet operation installation: material preparation and acceptance grassroots treatment panel drilling decorative panel fixing grouting cleaning caulking Waxing.

(1) Material preparation. Before installation of the decorative panel, it should be sorted, inspected and tried to make the hue and pattern of the panel basically the same. Drilling and grooving of the selected decorative plate to fasten copper or stainless steel wire. The number of holes drilled on the upper and lower sides of each plate shall not be less than two. The hole positions shall be 1/4 ~ 1/3 of the two ends of the plate width. The straight holes shall be drilled in the center of the plate thickness.

(2) Grass-roots treatment, hanging reinforced mesh. Sweep the wall clean, remove the embedded parts or embedded bars, and can also drill and fix metal expansion bolts on the wall. For lightweight block masonry such as aerated concrete or ceramsite concrete, clay bricks or local fine stone concrete should be added to the fixed parts of the embedded parts, and then 6mm HPB300 steel bars should be longitudinally and horizontally bound into a mesh and The embedded parts are welded firmly. The longitudinal bar spacing is 500 ~ 1000mm. The distance between the transverse reinforcing bars depends on the size of the board. The first reinforcing bar should be 100mm higher than the lower opening of the first layer of boards, and each subsequent row should be set 10 ~ 20mm below the upper opening of each layer of boards.

(3) Ejection positioning. The elastic line is divided into contour lines and block lines outside the board. The outer contour line bounces on the ground, 50mmn away from the wall (ie, the inner surface of the board is 30mm away from the wall), and the block line bounces on the wall. It consists of horizontal and vertical lines and is the positioning line of each board.

(4) The decorative panel is fixed. According to the pre-arranged number of facing plates, i install the number seat. The first leather facing board first fixes the two boards at the outer elastic lines of the two ends of the wall, leveling and straightening, then hanging the horizontal line, and then installing from the middle or one end. When installing, first wear the steel wire, put the board in place, tilt the upper mouth slightly backwards, tie the lower mouth wire to the transverse ribs (not too tight), fasten the upper mouth wire, and use a wooden wedge to stabilize it, and then use a spirit level Check the level, check the flatness with a ruler, check the verticality of the board surface with a wire hammer or a wire support plate, and adjust the vertical, flat, and square, and use gypsum slurry board fragments at the horizontal and vertical joints of the board surface every 100 to 150 mm fixed. In order to prevent the board surface from shifting when the back of the board is grouting, temporary support can be added to support the board surface according to the specific conditions.

(5) Grouting. The grouting mortar is generally 1: 2.5 cement mortar with a consistency of 80 ~ 150mm. Before pouring, the grout should be poured in layers. The watering height of the first layer is 150mm, and should not be greater than 1/3 of the board height. When watering, it should be compacted with irrigation and insertion, and care must be taken not to leak irrigation, and the board must not be moved outside. When the block material is light-colored marble or other light-colored plates, white cement and white stone shavings should be used to prevent the bottom from affecting the finish.

(6) Cleaning, caulking and waxing. One layer of panel grouting is completed. After the mortar is solidified, the upper part of the remaining slurry is cleaned. The upper part of the wooden wedge and the gypsum cake that hinders the installation of the upper layer are pulled out the next day. After all plates have been installed, clean the surface. The joints of indoor smooth surfaces and mirror panels should be dry-joined. The joints should be embedded with cement paste of the same color as the board. The joints should be dense and the color should be consistent. The joints of outdoor smooth or mirror finish panels can be dry-joined or hard plastic battens can be placed in the horizontal joints. After the grouting mortar hardens, the battens can be removed and jointed with cement fine mortar. Dry joints are applied with the same colored cement paste caulk as the light panel, and finally waxed.

Dry- hanging construction of decorative engineering decorative panels

1. The dry hanging method is to directly slot or punch holes in the thickness and reverse sides of the decorative panel, and then connect the expansion metal bolts or steel skeletons installed in the reinforced concrete wall with stainless steel connectors. 80 ~ 100mm cavity is formed between the back of the decorative panel and the wall. Foam plastic water-blocking strips are added between the seams of the boards, and the external waterproof sealant is used for caulking. This method is mostly used for building exterior wall finishes below 30m. The traditional wet work process of the decorative panel is more complicated, and it is easy to cause inadequate adhesion, easy to bulge, and unequal surface joints. At the same time, it is only suitable for the first floor or interior wall decoration of exterior walls of high-rise buildings , The wall height is not more than 10mm and the dry hanging method is a widely used one. The dry-hanging method is generally applicable to the exterior wall finishes of steel reinforced concrete with steel skeletons, and cannot be used for the finishes of brick walls or aerated concrete walls, as shown in the figure below.

2. Marble decorative panel dry hanging construction process. Trimming the wall, elastic lines, punching holes fixed connectors installation plates adjustment and fixing caulking cleaning.

1) Stone preparation. According to the requirements of the design drawings, plate cutting and edging are required on the site, and the corners of the plate are required to be straight and smooth. Then drill holes in the side of the stone for interlocking the adjacent plates with stainless steel pins. Paint waterproof material on the back of the board to enhance its waterproof performance.

2) Substrate treatment. Clean up the surface of the structure, and populate the horizontal and vertical control lines where the stone is installed.

3) Fixed anchor. Locate boreholes on the structure, embed expansion bolts, support the bottom panel, and install connectors.

4) Install and fix the stone. First install the bottom slate, insert the stainless steel pins on the connector into the reserved joint holes of the plate, adjust the panel, and after confirming the position is correct, you can tighten the bolts, and then block the bottom slate of the connection hole with epoxy resin or sealing paste. After the installation is completed and the inspection is qualified, the upper panel can be installed in turn in a cycle, and each layer should pay attention to the vertical level of the upper plate.

5) caulking. Before caulking, insert a foam plastic strip into the gap, and then inject the sealant with a glue gun. In order to prevent contamination of the board surface, adhesive tape should be applied along the edge of the panel to cover the two sides of the seam before the glue is injected. ^[3]