What Is Pine Lumber?

Pine wood nematodes ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ). The nematodes belong to the phylum Nematodea, Nematodea, Lapidoptera , Lapididae, Umbellifera . ^{[1] The} female body is 0.81mm long and the male body is 0.73mm ^[2] . The female's tail is nearly conical and the end is round; the male's tail is like a bird's claw, and it bends toward the ventral surface. Pine wood nematode disease, also known as pine wilt disease, is a devastating pest. It is transmitted through pine insects such as Monochamus alternatus , which causes pine disease. Pine trees infected by pine wood nematodes have coniferous leaves yellowish brown or reddish brown, withered and drooping, resin secretion stopped, traces of Monochamus alternatus invasion holes or spawning traces were observed on the trunk, and the entire diseased tree dried up and died.

Pine wood nematode belongs to

Both male and female

The life history of pine wood nematode includes two stages of reproductive type and spread type. In the host plant,

Origin: Origin

Pine wood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ), the genus

Pine wood nematode quarantine inspection method

Intuitive inspection: This method is mainly used in the investigation of origin. During the investigation, carefully observe whether the tree development is normal, pay attention to see if the resin secretion is reduced and stopped, the needles are browned, withered, the branches and the whole plant are dead. At the same time, the trunk is observed for signs of grazing, Oviposition holes, emergence holes, etc., if there is an autopsy.

Anatomical inspection: Saw suspiciously infected trees with tools to see whether the weight of the material has been significantly reduced; whether there is blue in the xylem; and whether there is any trace of the habitat of the pine brown beetle in the trunk.

Funnel separation inspection: Drill the wood tissue from the diseased part of the diseased wood or the habitat of the Monochamus and crush it, wrap it with double-layer gauze, place it on a glass funnel with a hose and a clip, and soak it in water for 12 hours. Centrifuge, take 15ml of its sediment, place it under a dissection microscope, and check and identify the morphological characteristics of pine wood nematodes.

Punching and sap test: The sap of pine tree is relatively normal, which means that it is healthy. If the sap is not normal, take a sample and test it in the laboratory to determine whether there is pine wood nematode staining. ^[5]

Pine wood nematode quarantine treatment

Wood and its products should be treated with 60 ° C heat treatment or nematicides before use or before leaving or entering the country. Products such as pine wood and packing boxes carrying pine wood nematodes were found during quarantine inspection. They should be treated by tent fumigation, placed in a sealed plastic paper, and fumigated with 5 to 8 aluminum phosphide pellets or methyl bromide per cubic meter of wood. There is a certain circulation space inside, fumigation for more than 7d; or immersion in water for more than 5 months; or crush the diseased tree and then process it, and immediately send it to the factory for industrial raw materials such as fiberboard, particleboard or pulp, and burn it in time as fuel; Paths and branches that have little use value are burned intensively to prevent omissions. ^[5]

Pine wood nematode control measures

(1) Strengthen quarantine inspection for pine wood nematode disease

Manage, control and inspect the transfer and trade of seedlings and other propagation materials and wood to prevent the spread and spread of dangerous pests. Prevent the introduction of dangerous pests from abroad or export from within the country, block dangerous pests that occur in local areas to a certain extent, prevent it from spreading to new areas, and take various positive measures to gradually eliminate them.

(2) Breeding disease-resistant tree species

The breeding of insect-resistant varieties is an important part of preventing nematodes. As a result of long-term natural selection and artificial selection of the same tree species, different varieties are formed. Different traits may cause differences in insect resistance.

(3) Active control of Monochamus alternatus

Weakly-grown pine trees are cut by hand, because the pine brown beetle prefers to lay eggs in it, and then it is treated to reduce the harm to healthy pine trees. In addition, the Monochamus alternatus chemical lure I can also be used to trap and kill Monochamus alternatus or Scleroderma guani for killing parasitic Monochamus larvae. The diseased dead wood or dead trees will be cleared out, concentrated in piles, sealed with plastic cloth, and fumigated with methyl bromide for 5 to 10 hours, the dosage is 69 to 83g / m3, which can kill the adults and larvae of Monochamus alternatus. Trees burned in a small pile. Preventive spraying, including canopy spraying and ground spraying, the former is sprayed when the Monochamus emerges to feed for nutrition, and the latter is sprayed at the beginning of emergence. For 5 to 3 months, 25% fenconazole emulsion can be used, 3 to 3 per hectare. 6kg.

(4) Biological control

The use of Beauveria bassiana to control insect mediators can also be used to control pine wood nematodes. This method is safe for humans, animals, and plants, and has a long-term inhibitory effect on pests. The technical requirements for artificial cultivation and use are relatively strict, and sometimes the effect is not as rapid and obvious as the drug. ^[5]