What Is the Difference between Urethane and Epoxy?

A urethane is a compound in which an amino group or an amine group is directly connected to a carbonyl group of a formate. It can also be regarded as a monoester of a carbonic acid. Carbamates can be prepared by reacting chloroformates with ammonia or amines, or by reacting carbamoyl chlorides with alcohols or phenols. The reaction of isocyanate with alcohol or phenol is also a simple method for producing urethane. Carbamates have an important class of organic synthesis reagents and raw materials for the manufacture of medicines.

A class of compounds of the general formula RNHCOOR , where R is hydrogen, aliphatic or aromatic

Carbamate compounds have a wide range of uses, and can be used as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, synthetic resin modification and intermediates in organic synthesis.

Signs and symptoms of urethane poisoning

The cause of poisoning of urethane pesticides is the same as that of organophosphorus pesticides, and it also inhibits cholinesterase in the human body, thereby affecting the transmission of nerve impulses in the human body. But carbamate pesticide poisoning has a fast onset and a much faster recovery. When such pesticides are applied without proper protective measures, they may feel unwell after a while and stop working. Because of the immediate termination of contact, patients will begin to feel better, except when pesticides continue to be absorbed through contaminated clothing or skin.

The specific symptoms of carbamate pesticide poisoning began to appear after 3 hours of continuous work. The initial symptoms of poisoning were that the poisoned person felt unwell and may have vomiting, nausea, headache and dizziness, fatigue and chest tightness; later the patient began to sweat and flow heavily. Saliva (drooling), blurred vision, spontaneous contractions and twitching of muscles, tachycardia or bradycardia, a few people may experience paroxysmal spasms and enter a coma. It usually recovers completely within 24 hours (except for those with extremely high doses) without sequelae and residual disability. ^[3]

Carbamate poisoning diagnostic test

Diagnostic principle

According to the occupational history of short-term exposure to a large number of carbamate insecticides, corresponding clinical manifestations quickly appeared, combined with the timely measurement results of whole blood cholinesterase activity, and referring to the on-site labor hygiene survey data for a comprehensive analysis and exclusion of other After the cause is diagnosed.

2 Diagnosis and classification criteria

2.1 Mild poisoning

After a short period of close contact with carbamate, mild muscarinic and central nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, pupil diminution, etc. may occur. With nicotine-like symptoms such as muscle tremor, it usually returns to normal within 24 hours. Cholinesterase activity in whole blood is often below 70%.

2.2 Severe poisoning

In addition to the exacerbation of the above symptoms, those who have any of the following can be diagnosed as severe poisoning:

a. pulmonary edema;

b. coma or cerebral edema;

Cholinesterase activity in whole blood is generally below 30%.

Carbamate poisoning treatment plan

Processing principle:

1 Principles of treatment

1.1 Quickly leave the poisoning site, remove contaminated clothing, and thoroughly wash contaminated skin, hair and nails with soap and warm water.

1.2 Special antidote:

a) Those who are mildly poisoned may not need special antidote, and may take atropine orally or intramuscularly if necessary, but do not need atropine;

b) Those with severe poisoning should apply atropine according to the condition, and achieve atropine as soon as possible;

c) The oxime reactivator is not used for urethane pesticide poisoning.

1.3 The principle of symptomatic treatment is the same as that of internal medicine.

2 Other processing

After the poisoning is cured, the original work can still be performed. ^[4]