What is the fanning factor?
Fanning friction is an element of calculating pressure loss due to friction in the pipeline. It is the function of the roughness of the pipeline and the level of turbulence in the flow of liquid. These factors can be determined experimentally, but are more often taken from graphs and diagrams. The numbers are dimensionless, which means they have no specific units. Pumps or gravity must provide energy to move the liquid. In very long pipes, the pressure drop will be so high due to the loss of the frictional point of view that the liquid will not flow at all. Pipes such as Alaska gas pipeline require temporary pumping stations to increase pressure. For chemical processes, it is crucial that uses pipes as a tube flow of reactors. The pipe used as reactors creates reaction conditions at which the temperature and pressure are easily controlled. The reaction of the reaction and the degree of completion of the reaction is the function of the pipe length.
exothermic reactions give heat asprogress. In order to maintain the isothermal conditions and a constant factor of friction of fanning, the pipeline will have to be cooled in the direction of upstream. Endothermic reactions that absorb heat will require the opposite treatment. If the isothermal conditions are not maintained, the calculations will meet the factor of the factor of the viscosity and the friction that occurs when the liquid is heated or cooler.
Reynolds numbers are dimensionless measurements of the degree of turbulence in the liquid. In the laminar flow with Reynolds numbers less than 2,000, liquid moves with a bullet -shaped speed profile and small integremrmixing. The maximum speed occurs in the center of the pipe cross -section and is twice the average flow of the liquid. Turbulent flow with complete mixing occurs in Reynolds' numbers above 3,000. There is a thin buffer zone between laminar and turbulent zones, with Reynolds numbers between 2,000 and 3,000
Fanning Fanding Factor can be determined by measurement of pressure dropsDespite the pipes that are large enough on average to be scalable for field or plant operations. Typically, these experiments are carried out if the conditions of laminar flow are required. More often, reading fanning friction is read from the graph, because most of the reactors of the plug flow is operated on high numbers Reynolds.
The roughness of the surface of the interior of the pipe is determined by measurement. The Reynolds number is calculated from the pipe diameter, fluid viscosity and pressure drop. Fanning friction graphs against Reynolds's numerical manuals are available. These books also have tables of roughness of the surface of different materials.