What Is Finish Carpentry?

Carpentry is a craft, a unique technique, and a technique commonly used in architecture. It is one of the three traditional Chinese traditions (ie, woodworking, wood, and carpenter). It is said that in the ancient times, houses were built. On the day when the houses are built, they must be called "woodworking" to eliminate evil! When the evil was under control, the carpenter took out a unique tool and stood on the ridge of the roof, shouting good luck, in order to ensure future prosperity and prosperity! In today's society, the profession of "woodworking" is widely used. For example, in the field of housing construction, shipbuilding, landscaping construction, and now the most common decoration and decoration field.

It is said that in the ancient times, houses were built. On the day when the houses are built, they must be called "woodworking" to eliminate evil! When the evil was under control, the carpenter took out a unique tool and stood on the ridge of the roof, shouting good luck, in order to ensure future prosperity and prosperity.

Woodworking has a long history, because it was considered a low-level occupation at that time, so nobles did not learn the art of woodworking. However, there are exceptions. For example, the late Ming emperor Xi Zongzhu Youyou was called "carpenter emperor" because he loved woodworking.

Lu Ban was a well-known skillful woodworker. Under his experience, China became a country with a relatively developed wood industry at that time.

In Hong Kong, most secondary schools have woodworking or metalworking courses in junior high schools, and some technical schools have also had woodworking courses in high school and middle school exams.

Woodworking is widely spread in Europe and the United States. Unlike China, Europeans and Americans regard woodworking as a work that can be done by first-class and inferior people. Carpentry is offered in many private schools in Europe and the United States.

In today's society, the profession of "woodworking" is widely used. For example, in the field of housing construction, shipbuilding, landscaping construction, and now the most common decoration and decoration field.

Carpentry was a very important handicraft industry in ancient society. It was inseparable from the manufacture of vehicles, vehicles and other means of transport, agricultural handicraft production tools, building houses and living utensils. "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji" said: "Everyone who attacks the wood is seven. The wood attackers are: wheels, wheels, bows, houses, craftsmen, cars, and zi." Wheels are wheels and related parts; The woodworker is called the wheeler, and the officer who controls the wheel is also called the wheeler. "A round is a man-made round, and it takes time to cut three materials" . Yu, that is, car, sedan; Yuren, generally refers to car builders. Bow, this refers to the workers who make the bow. Lu, this refers to the workers who make spears, weapons, and halberds. Carpenter, this refers to the worker in charge of the construction of Miyamuro Castle. Car

Warring States Policy Wei Zeyi.

"Story of the Garden and Fingers".

"Han Feizi and He Shi".

"Lü's Spring and Autumn · Guizu".

Carpentry tools. Zi, this refers to the carpenter who made the shelf of the musical instruments such as Zhong Mang, drinker, and target.

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, due to the gradual popularization of ironware, iron-made wooden tools were widely used in production. These tools mainly include: jin (axe), saw, cone, chisel, drill, hoe (chisel or axe), hoe and so on. There are also rules. The so-called gauge is a tool for drawing circles. The so-called moment is a square ruler for drawing square or right angles. "Xunzi · Mingu" said: "The moment of five inches, the world can also be painted." Rope, the ink rope for straight lines. Overhang, measure overhang for vertical line. Water, tool for measuring horizontal lines .

At this time, he also invented a tool called " " or "" to correct wood straightness.

The method is to place the wood in a simmer after cooking, and then straighten or straighten the bentwood for a certain period of time to suit the needs of the production and prevent future deformation. "Xunzi · Sexual Evil" says "The birth of the old man is a kiwi. The origin of the rope ink is not straight. The kiwi must be rectified and then straight." Mom, the same as "hook"; Lime is bentwood. "Xunzi · Overseas" said: "Take the wheel of the public, the wood of Taishan also, show (set) Zhu Zhu, March and May. Luan is not the usual."

In woodworking production, each process and each part uses proprietary tools and follows certain operating procedures. "Mozi · Facial Essays" says: "People in the world must not be able to measure (degrees). Although there are also practitioners in the 100 workers, there are laws for the 100 workers. Rope is hanging, no clever workers, no clever workers, all use these five as the law. The clever ones can be one of them, although the unfortunate ones can't be, they can rely on it to engage in it. "Xunzi Confucian Effect Chapter" also said: "Set rules, Chen Shengmo, then use, gentlemen are inferior to workers.

The craftsmanship of woodworking in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has reached a very high level, and the famous public transport class is its outstanding representative. "Mo Zi Lu Wen Pian" contains: The male loser traveled to Lu from the south of Lu, and Lu (Nai) began to be a vessel of war, as a preparation for rejection. Those who retire are hooked, those who advance are rejected, and those who are repelled are measured as soldiers. The male loser cut the bamboo and thought it was a cricket, and it flew away for three days. The male loser thought it was a coincidence. Zi Mozi said that the official loser said: "The son of a son is also a prince. It is worse than a carpenter to be under the jurisdiction of a car. It must be three inches of wood, and he weighs fifty stones. Therefore, the work done is conducive to the goodness of others, and it is not good People are awkward. "

The public loss class here is Lu people, so it is also called Lu Ban. It is a well-known woodworker in the early Warring States Period. He has superb craftsmanship. The earliest simulated aircraft or glider. Because of his amazing carpentry skills, he was later revered as the originator of carpenters.

Spreading in Europe and America : Woodworking is widely spread in Europe and America. Unlike China, woodworking is a course in many European and American private schools.

1. Ground

   Woodworking tools such as axes, bow saws, bow drills, shovels and chisels have also been developed. In addition to ball drills, claw hammers (nail hammers) that can pull iron nails, double saws for logging, etc. Long axis is also widely used

   1. Whether the structure is straight. Regardless of horizontal or vertical direction, the correct woodworking practice should be straight.

   2. Whether the corners are accurate. The normal corners are all 90 degrees, except for special design factors.

   3. Whether the parquet is tight and accurate. The correct wooden parquet should be seamless or maintain a uniform distance.

   4. Whether radians and roundness are smooth and smooth. In addition to a single, multiple identical shapes also need to ensure consistent shapes.

   5. Whether the cabinet door switch is normal. When the cabinet door is opened, it should be light and quiet.

   6. Generally, there should be no gap between the fixed cabinet and the wall.

   7. Whether there are any shortages in woodworking projects. The surface of the woodworking project shall be ensured to be flat and free from bulging or chipping.

   8. Whether the symmetry carpentry project is symmetrical.

   9. In the 21st century, especially in the past ten years, China's woodworking machinery industry has achieved rapid development. Since it passed Italy in 201 1, China's woodworking machinery industry's GDP in 2013 has surpassed Germany. Driven by these amazing results, China has become the largest producer of woodworking machinery, and China's exports of woodworking machinery have finally surpassed imports. The domestic woodworking machinery has formed a complete product system and industrial chain. With the development of China's woodworking machinery, the development of China's woodworking machinery products, the level of China's integrated wood processing equipment has increased the fastest, and has reached the international advanced level to achieve integrated wood equipment. Full automation is the research and development direction that enterprises should focus on, and the key to improving integrated production. As a result, our country has reached the world's leading level in the processing of laminated wood, and our country's integrated industry has undergone rapid changes.

      Direction of development

      Chinese woodworking machinery manufacturing enterprises want to go global and dominate the world. This goal should be implemented from now on. Therefore, China must attach importance to the development of technology. China lacks technology-based enterprises. Therefore, the development potential of our country is obviously insufficient. Therefore, China's future goals must be aligned with the technology and increase efforts to develop its own new technologies. In the future, there will be even more magnificent progress. By taking this step, China will win the opportunity. Otherwise, you will never win other international companies.

      Development direction of digital control material equipment

      Numerical control technology is an important step for China to develop into a technological country. The introduction of numerical control technology into woodworking machinery has enabled woodworking machinery to achieve self-integration, which is more efficient and accurate in the work of woodworking machinery. Automation of woodworking machinery is an advanced technology that the industry needs to develop urgently. Automation is an eternal theme for the development of woodworking machinery, and it is the continuation and end goal of NC technology. Automation is a concentrated manifestation of a country's industrialization level. The automation of China's furniture industry, wood product processing industry, and wood-based panel industry depends on the woodworking machinery industry. Therefore, only the real automation of CNC woodworking machinery technology is the goal and development that China needs to achieve. direction.

      Development direction of CNC processing equipment for wood products and furniture

      Wood products and furniture make China a major development specialty. Because China has a large number of logs, it requires advanced wood-making technology. With the development of new technologies, China's log processing equipment is gradually in line with the international advanced level, but still There is a big gap with the world's top advanced technology. Therefore, China's wood-making technology still needs to develop to a higher level. Not only is it in line with international technology, we should have the confidence to surpass other countries and let me pass. Woodworking technology takes it to the next level.

      Development direction of NC for wood drying technology

      China's wood dryers have a broad low-end market in the world, and their prices are extremely low, almost monopolizing the entire low-end market, but still have not created a scale. For the special dryers, the drying industry is far from the international leading level. Therefore, the next step of our country should launch an impact on the characteristics of dryers, combining dryer technology with numerical control to produce automatic dryers with Chinese characteristics, which will further develop China's drying technology ^[2]

      I. General requirements :

      1. The setting of the workbench and machinery should be reasonably stable, the work place and the passageway should be unobstructed, and the materials and semi-finished products should be stacked in stacks without affecting traffic.

      2. Do not wear gloves when operating woodworking machinery to prevent accidents caused by rolling gloves into the machine.

      3. Sawdust shavings in the wood mold workshop should be cleaned daily. Smoking is prohibited in the workshop.

      Second, the mold and mold removal :

      1. Use wood support, the material should be peeled, the pointed end must be sawn flat, no decaying or twisted material should be used, no large bending and small tail diameter sundries are allowed. The layer height is within 4m. Within 10cm or more, 5m or more should be designed.

      2. The first horizontal support should be set from 50cm above the ground, and it will be added for every additional 2m. The horizontal struts should be set vertically and horizontally.

      3. The splint at the top support joint shall not be less than three sides, and the splint shall not be less than 50 × 8 × 2.5cm. Adjacent joints shall be staggered from each other.

      4. The ground at the bottom of the support should be leveled and tamped, and blocks should not be lined with bricks. The wooden wedges adjusted for the high bottom should be nailed. The wooden wedges should not be overly high (preferably 2 pieces).

      5. The use of wooden truss support molds should be strictly inspected, and serious deformations should be found. Bolts should be repaired in a timely manner.

      6. The supporting mold should be connected to the process, and the next process must not be performed before the template is fixed. It is forbidden to use the rod to support climbing up and down.

      7. Pillar formwork supporting 4m or more must be firmly secured around the top, and a workbench must be set up during operation. Horsestools less than 4m can be used for operation.

      8. Temporary working platforms shall be provided for supporting the independent beam formwork. They shall not stand on the column formwork and walk on the beam bottom formwork.

      9. When two people carry the template, they should cooperate with each other and work together. Do not throw the template, tools, transportation tools or fasten them with ropes.

      10. Materials such as enlarged batch templates shall not be piled on the scaffolding.

      11. Vertical and horizontal supports, diagonal supports, etc. must not be placed on door and window frames and scaffolding. The diagonal braces and tie rods in the middle of the passage should be set above 1.80m.

      12. If it is necessary to stop in the supporting mold, the supports, bridge heads, stigma sealing plates, etc. should be nailed firmly to prevent accidents caused by falling down and stepping down.

      13. Use supporting frames such as portal frames, steel pipes, etc. to set the level and scissors support in accordance with regulations.

      14. If there are holes left in the template, the holes should be covered after installation. The pre-retained holes on the fascia should be covered after the mold is removed.

      15. The removal of the formwork shall be agreed by the construction technicians. The operation should be carried out in order according to the order. Strict prying, hard smashing, or large-area prying and pulling down are strictly prohibited, and no loose and suspended formwork should be left before the shutdown.

      16. When removing the formwork of cornices, balconies and other dangerous parts, there should be a shelf, safety net or seatbelt operation under it, and try to make sure that the formwork is not dropped on the rack, safety net, and a few drops on the rack, safety net.

      17. Before demoulding, fences or warning signs should be set up around the area, and special people should be set up to guard the important passages to prevent people from entering.

      18. The order of demoulding should be from top to bottom, from the inside to the outside, first remove the horizontal and diagonal supports, and then remove the formwork support. The beam should first remove the side mold and then the bottom mold. The demolisher should stand on one side and not stand. Under the mold removal, several people should pay attention to the safety distance between each other to ensure safe operation.

      19. When removing the prefabricated formwork of thin web beams, crane beams, trusses, etc., the top support should be added as soon as possible to prevent the component from collapsing.

      20. The removed formwork should be promptly transported to the designated place for centralized storage or cleaning and stacking to prevent injuries caused by nails and feet.

      3. Woodworking machinery:

      Circular saw:

      The operating platform must be stable, the saw blade must not be missing teeth continuously and too many teeth, and the screw cap must be tightened. The circular saw should have a protective cover. Do not use a reverse switch. Use a jog switch.

      The operator should stand on the side of the saw blade. It is forbidden to stand on the same line as the saw blade, and his arm must not operate across the saw blade.

      (3) The feed must be close to the mountain. Do not use too much force. In case of hard joints, push slowly. When receiving the material, wait for the saw blade to be 15 cm. Do not pull by hand.

      When processing old materials, the nails, cement slurry, mud and sand must be removed first.

      When hoisting short materials, push rods should be used, and planing hooks should be used for receiving materials. It is forbidden to saw wood that exceeds the radius of the circular saw.

      Do not touch the saw blade until it has stopped, and do not force the saw blade to force the blade to stop.

      The motor casing and the iron casing of the switch shall be protected by zero-to-ground or ground connection, and a leakage protection switch shall be installed.

      Hand drill:

      Before use, check whether the power supply insulation is good and there is no damage. The wires must be overhead. Wear insulating gloves during operation and install leakage protection switch when using.

      According to the regulations on the nameplate, use the electric drill correctly, if you find that there is a leakage phenomenon or the motor temperature is too high, the speed will suddenly slow down and there is an abnormal sound, you should stop using it immediately and submit it to the electrician for repair.

      (3) Scaffolding should be set up when working at high altitudes. Safety belts should be hung in dangerous places. Pay attention to the front, back, left, and right operating conditions during work to prevent accidents.

      When drilling upwards, only use the hand or the rod to support the drill handle, and do not carry the head or shoulders.

      During the rotation of the electric drill, it is only allowed to use the drill handle to align the hole position, and it is forbidden to use the drill bit to hold the hole by hand.

      After the work is completed, the power should be cut off, and the wires should be collected for reuse.