How Do I Treat a Bullet Wound?

Bullet lethality, also known as penetrating or penetrating force, refers to the ability of the bullet to penetrate or penetrate an object.

Bullet lethality

Penetration

Bullet penetration is also called penetration or penetration, which refers to the ability of the warhead to penetrate or penetrate an object. Its size is mainly determined by the mass of the warhead, the cross-sectional density of the warhead, and the speed when hitting an object, which is usually expressed by the depth of penetration of a certain object. The penetration of modern rifle shells is generally relatively strong. For example, NATO 7.62x51 (7.62 represents the caliber of the bullet, 51 represents the length of the shell, the unit is mm). The bullet can penetrate a 6 mm thick homogeneous steel plate within 100 meters.

Stopping force

A warhead fired through the barrel will be propelled by the ability of the propellant to explode instantly and fly in the direction given by the barrel. The cartridge case will be separated from the warhead and left in the barrel or thrown out of the barrel by the shell-throwing mechanism with the recoil force. Therefore, if you want to increase the lethality of a bullet, it is generally improved on the propellant or the warhead.

Improved propellant

Small-caliber rifle ammunition is a type of military ammunition commonly installed in the modern army. In the definition of light weapons, bullets below 6mm are considered small-caliber rifle rounds. The lethality of military small-caliber rifle shells is quite amazing. Various tests have proven that military small-caliber rifle shells fired with military-standard rifles within 400 meters of effective range are above the medium-caliber rifle shells, both in terms of penetration and stopping power exceeding their predecessors. Military small-caliber rifles have a relatively large cross-sectional density. Steel cores are generally used as the ammunition inner core, so their penetration is very strong. After the ammunition penetrates into the human body, it generally tumbling and instability. The resulting transient and permanent cavities are amazing. The earliest to use the tumbling principle to kill was the British army's Mk.VII bullet, which is a fully armored pointed bullet with a muzzle velocity of 740m / s. Its biggest feature is that instead of the traditional single lead core, the lead-aluminum composite core is wrapped in the bullet shell-its tip is made of aluminum, which accounts for 1/3 of the total length of the bullet, and it is only behind the aluminum tip. It is a cylindrical core made of lead. This design first guarantees the weight of the warhead, and still has sufficient kinetic energy even at a long distance; secondly, it deflects the center of mass of the warhead, increases the instability and easily rolls after hitting the target. Of course, this caliber of 7.7mm is not a small caliber.

The disadvantage of small-caliber bombs compared to medium-caliber bombs is that the long-range storage speed is insufficient, and the lethality attenuation is serious beyond 400 meters. However, many investigations show that the combat distance of modern infantry is difficult to exceed 400 meters, so the advantages of light weight and high power of small caliber rifle bullets have been realized. Beginning in the 1960s, NATO troops were equipped with small-calibre bullets, and in the 1970s, the Warsaw countries led by the Soviet Union also began to equip small-caliber rifle bullets.

There are three main types of small-calibre military rifle ammunition in the world: 5.56 × 45mm NATO standard ammunition, 5.45 × 39mm Huayue standard ammunition, and Chinese-made 5.8 × 42mm rifle ammunition. The world's major powers have replaced small-calibre rounds as rifle and machine gun bullets.

Many people think that the stopping power of small-caliber rifle shells is not as good as that of dam shells. Because the roll of small caliber bullets must rely on speeds above 720m / s to achieve. In fact, even an empty-point or soft-point projectile cannot guarantee an inevitable expansion, so the stopping capacity of a small-caliber projectile is not necessarily lower than a dam projectile within its effective range. Taking the shooting incident of the three policemen in the Tsim Sha Tsui Pedestrian Tunnel in Hong Kong in May 2006 as an example, the dead police officer Zeng Guoheng was still able to pull out a counterattack with a shot in the head, and killed the murderer Xu Bugao. 38 police used empty pointed bombs. It can be seen that the stopping power of bullets of the Dam type may be overestimated.