How Do I Treat Hyperkeratosis?

Hyperkeratosis refers to excessive thickening of the stratum corneum of the mucous membranes or skin. It can occur in any part of a person or animal. It is often caused by contact with or ingestion of a certain chemical substance, and can also be caused by a virus. Excessive keratinization can be divided into two types: Excessive positive keratinization: Unclear cell boundaries, disappearance of cell nuclei, formation of keratin, accompanied by thickening of the granule layer and transparent keratinous granules; excessive incomplete keratinization: thickened horn Residual nuclei are still visible in the chemical layer, and the granular layer is not obvious. Its clinical manifestations vary depending on the site of occurrence.

Basic Information

Chinese name

Hyperkeratosis

Key points for diagnosis

At birth

Essentials of treatment

Systemic application of methotrexate

Nature

Pathological changes

Causes of hyperkeratosis

The most common causes include epidermolytic keratosis ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis tinea pedis, persistent bean-shaped hyperkeratosis, nipple and areola hyperkeratosis, focal hyperacral hyperkeratosis, keratosis Excessive sweat keratosis and so on.

Clinical manifestations of hyperkeratosis

Different causes can cause different clinical manifestations, such as:

Epidermolytic keratosis ichthyosis

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis (EHK) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease, mainly due to genetic mutations that cause primary keratin functional defects. The main manifestation is hyperkeratosis at birth, accompanied by erythroderma. After birth, the scales of the whole body fell off, and moist and fragile red skin appeared. The scales appeared again with epidermal hyperplasia, and then extensive blister appeared. There was no scar after the blister healed. With the increase of age, the symptoms of blister and red skin gradually disappeared, manifested by excessive wart-shaped keratosis mainly on the flexion and intercalation. Other areas of the skin can also be affected, but to a lesser extent.

2. Hyperkeratosis Athlete's Foot

Athlete's foot is a common fungal infectious skin disease commonly known as "beriberi". Athlete's foot is divided into papular scale type, blister type, hyper-immersion keratosis type, erosion type, mixed type five types. Among them, hyperkeratosis tinea pedis is the most stubborn, and clinical treatment is more difficult. Hyperkeratosis tinea pedis is a very common skin disease. The main clinical manifestations are erythematous scales and hyperkeratosis on the skin of the patient's feet. The rash is ring-shaped or fish-scaled, rough and sweat-free.

3. Persistent lenticular hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosislenticularisperstans (HLP) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disease. Most of the patients were male and developed onset between 30 and 60 years of age. The clinical manifestations are mainly skin lesions. The typical skin lesions are multiple, asymmetrical brown-red verrucous keratotic papules of 1 to 5 mm, with a red base after scaling removal, bleeding points, and generally no conscious symptoms. Some patients may have mild itching. Skin lesions tend to occur in the back of hands, feet, and other prone areas such as double calves, upper arms, forearms, thighs, etc., and persist for life. In addition, the palm, plantar, and oral mucosa can also be affected.

4. Nipple Areola Hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis of the nippleandareola (HNA) is a rare, sporadic, benign skin disease that can occur in either the nipple or areola, or both, and can be unilateral. Can also be sick at the same time on both sides. The cause of this disease is not clear, and some scholars believe that this disease may be related to sex hormone levels. The main clinical manifestations are hypertrophic nipples and / or areola, wart-like or filamentous hyperkeratosis, and dark brown pigmentation.

5. Focal acral hyperkeratosis

Focal acral hyperkeratosis (FAH) is a rare acral keratosis skin disease, the cause of which is not clear, and usually occurs in the hands and feet. The typical clinical lesions are keratinized pimples with large peas and soybeans, which are round or oval, light yellow to white or complexion, waxy, translucent, sometimes with umbilical depressions or flat defects, or Fusion into plaque.

6. Hyperkeratosis keratosis

Porokeratosis is a rare, progressive, progressive keratotic skin disease with a genetic predisposition. It can be clinically divided into 8 types: classic plaque type, unilateral linear type, and superficial dissemination. Type, hyperkeratosis type, disseminated superficial light type, inflammatory keratosis type, palmar plantar general type and punctate sweat keratosis. Hyperkeratotic variant of porokeratosis is rare in clinical practice. Skin lesions are more common in the rubbing area of the buttocks and both lower limbs. The central area is thickened and the marginal hyperkeratosis is obvious, while the marginal bulge is not obvious.

Hyperkeratosis check

Histopathological examination of skin lesions.

Hyperkeratosis treatment

After diagnosis, corresponding treatments are given for different diseases.

Hyperkeratosis care

According to different skin lesions and different periods of skin lesions, different topical drugs are used to carefully care to accelerate the repair of skin lesions.