How Does Tooth Splinting Work?
According to the length of use, periodontal splints can be divided into temporary splints and permanent splints. Compared with temporary splints, permanent splints can play a good splint stabilization effect, fix loose teeth, disperse the teeth and reduce periodontal tissue The load finally achieves the purpose of tissue healing and repair.
- Chinese name
- Periodontal splint
- Affiliated Department
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Indication
- Periodontitis repair treatment
| Tan Jianguo | (Chief physician) | Department of Rehabilitation, Peking University Stomatological Hospital |
| Li Jian | (Attending physician) | Department of Rehabilitation, Peking University Stomatological Hospital |
- Periodontal splint is an appliance for treating and fixing loose teeth. It connects two or more affected teeth loose due to periodontitis, or fixes loose teeth while repairing missing teeth, connects multiple loose teeth together, or fixes loose teeth to another firm health To the teeth, make it a new chewing unit and improve the patient's chewing function. The splint fixation can disperse the occlusal force, reduce the load of periodontal tissue, and give the affected tooth a physiological rest, which is conducive to the recovery and healing of periodontal diseased tissue. Periodontal splint is an important method for the treatment of periodontitis, and it is also a necessary measure.
Periodontal splint indications
- According to the length of use, periodontal splints can be divided into temporary splints and permanent splints. Compared with temporary splints, permanent splints can play a good splint stabilization effect, fix loose teeth, disperse the teeth and reduce periodontal tissue The load finally achieves the purpose of tissue healing and repair.
- Indication of temporary splint
- Fix the affected teeth of acute periodontitis;
- Fix loose teeth caused by trauma;
- Reduce or avoid the external force brought to the affected tooth by occlusal or periodontal surgery;
- In the process of making a permanent splint, in order to prevent the periodontal tissue from continuing to be damaged, first fix it with a temporary splint;
- Temporary splint is used as a transitional treatment measure to understand the effect of periodontitis repair treatment. If it is good, change the permanent splint.
- 2. Indications for permanent splints
- After temporary splint treatment, the effect is proved to be good;
- Periodontal inflammation is basically eliminated or controlled, and loosening of teeth requires long-term fixation;
- Suitable for the conditions of removable partial denture or fixed denture repair. [1] [2]
Periodontal splint contraindications
- 1. Periodontitis without treatment;
- 2. Periodontitis has not controlled inflammation after treatment. [3] [1]
Periodontal splint treatment classification
Periodontal splint
- Ligation and fixation method: Use dental floss, nylon thread, surgical silk thread, soft thin stainless steel wire, etc. as ligation materials to fix most loose teeth on adjacent healthy abutments. Because the anatomy of the posterior teeth is not suitable for ligation, the ligation method is only applicable to the anterior teeth.
- Adhesive fixation method: Use high-strength resin cement in the contact area of adjacent teeth to fix loose teeth together.
- Light curing resin splint: multiple loose teeth are connected together by composite resin. In order to increase the strength, pre-formed glass fibers can be embedded in the resin to increase the fixing effect.
Periodontal splint
- Removable permanent splint: The splint can be removed and worn by the patient. This type of splint is made with less dental tissue cut, which is easy to maintain oral hygiene, and can be used with or without missing teeth. The removable splint contains various components of the removable partial denture, and is also designed with sufficient devices for fixing loose teeth.
- Fixed permanent splint: refers to the splint that is fixed on the abutment and cannot be removed by the patient. It is similar to fixed dentures, with the same design principles and manufacturing methods as full crowns and fixed bridges. Generally, a full crown is chosen to repair each loose tooth, and then they are connected together by a casting method or a welding method.
- fixed-removable combined splint: often a sleeve crown splint. Its fixing effect is similar to a fixed splint, and it is easy to clean and easy to maintain periodontal hygiene. The disadvantage is that the amount of tooth grinding is large, the production is complicated, and the price is expensive.
- Bonding splint splint: generally used in the front teeth area. The metal wings on the lingual side of the fixed teeth are connected together and fixed on the teeth with resin cement. The advantage is that the amount of tooth grinding is small, the appearance is good, and the operation is simple. With the development of bonding materials and the improvement of bonding technology, it has become a semi-permanent method of plywood fixing. [3] [1] [2]