What Are Black Floaters?

A buoy is a navigation mark floating on the surface of the water. It is anchored at a specified position to indicate the range of a channel, to indicate a shoal, to obstruct an object, or to indicate a special navigation aid on the water. Buoys have the largest number of beacons, are widely used, and are set up where it is difficult or inappropriate to set up fixed beacons. A buoy whose function is to mark a shoal of a channel or an obstacle that endangers the safety of navigation. Buoys equipped with lamps are called light buoys and are used to assist navigation in day and night navigable waters. Some buoys are also equipped with radar transponders, radio beacons, fog warning signals and marine survey instruments.

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1. [float]: A floating indicator that indicates the position of an object (such as a lobster basket) under the surface of a body of water.

2. [buoy; floating mark]: A floating body anchored at a fixed location, used to guide or warn seafarers, or to moor a ship instead of anchoring. ^[1]

Refers to a metal or wooden vessel with one end tied to the bottom and itself floating on the surface. Used to indicate the channel

There are different types and specifications of buoys, which can be divided into marine buoys and inland river buoys according to the waters laid. The basic shape of the marine buoy body is a tank shape, a cone

The buoys and light buoys are floating beacons. They are left at the design position with the system equipment. They have a certain radius of rotation. They are not fixed in position and are easy to leave. The reliability is relatively poor, and they can only be used to assist navigation.

I. Evolution of the buoy system

(I) Customs management period

In the eighth year of the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (1882), the customs made uniform provisions on the navigation aids under the jurisdiction of each customs. The content includes eight items, which are relatively simple and have no distinction between rivers and seas. At that time, the navigation aid sign on the water called the police ship float and pile. This system indicated the relationship between the sailing ship and the boundary lines on both sides of the waterway. The left and right marks were divided from the direction of the sea inlet, that is, left black and red. The buoy system used is a single side system.

(B) the period of naval management

In 1960, the Maritime Assurance Department of the Naval Command, the Ministry of Communications, and the Ministry of Fisheries, referring to the experience of the Soviet Union in the maritime navigational aid signs, combined with the specific conditions of China, jointly developed the "Sea Area Maritime Assistance Signs System (Draft)". The trial was announced by the Maritime Assurance Department of the Naval Command. The system adopts the role of different coloring and different light quality signs, and clarifies the "left red right black" principle. Red buoys flash red at night and black buoys flash white. It is also stipulated that there are three types of side signs, namely left side signs, right side signs, and branch convergence signs; five types of orientation signs, namely north, east, south, west, and isolated obstacle signs; special signs There are four types, namely the shipwreck mark, the quarantine mark, the survey mark and the fishing operation mark; and the central mark is a single type, with a total of four types and thirteen.

From October 19 to 24, 1960, in accordance with the new "Regulations", the Navigation Guarantee Office of the Navy's North Sea Fleet Command reformed Qingdao Port and the nearby 14 navigational aid signs, and Qingdao Port Authority supervised the Zhongsha Light Buoy (5 No.) reforms were carried out.

(3) Management period of the Ministry of Communications

From June to October 1983, the Ministry of Communications and the relevant units drafted the national standard for "Navigational Navigation Marks in China's Seas" (GB4696-84) based on the principle of equivalent use of the International Buoying System's maritime buoy system and the specific conditions in China. It was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards for approval and was issued on October 1, 1984. On August 1, 1985, reforms were implemented in the China Sea. This reform adopts the principle of "left red right green". The red buoy flashes red and the green buoy flashes green, so that the maritime navigation aid sign enters the international unified buoy system. On April 11, 2000, the "Water Navigation Assistance Mark in China's Sea Area" (GB4696-1999) was implemented (the original GB4696-84 standard was abolished). The national standard has made new regulations on the standards and features of side signs, azimuth signs, isolated dangerous object signs, safe water area signs, special signs, and new dangerous thing signs.

2. Buoys and light buoys The buoys in the Shandong Sea area began in the early days of the port construction of Yantai and Qingdao. During the German occupation in Qingdao Port, more than 10 buoys were arranged near the waters of Dagang inlet, Huiquanjiao, and Horseshoe Reef. In the future, with the expansion of the old port and the opening of new ports, the number of buoys is increasing, and most of them are light buoys. Before the founding of the PRC, there were 15 buoys, 4 light buoys, and 4 buoys in Yantai Port. In 1982, the navy handed over 15 light buoys in Qingdao and Yantai navigation area, including 13 Qingdao light buoys and 2 Yantai light buoys. In 1995, there were 41 light buoys at the Qingdao and Yantai Navigation Mark Offices. By 2005, the total number of buoys in the Shandong Sea area reached 255 (248 light buoys and 7 buoys), of which 153 were in the Yantai Navigation Beacon Office (147 light buoys and 6 buoys), and 102 were located in the Qingdao Navigation Beacon Office (light buoys). 101 seats, 1 buoy). ^[2]