What Are the Different Acetazolamide Side Effects?

Acetazolamide tablets are suitable for the treatment of various types of glaucoma. The short-term control of various types of glaucoma during acute attacks is an effective auxiliary drug to reduce intraocular pressure. Open-angle (chronic simple) glaucoma. If the intraocular pressure cannot be controlled with drugs, treatment with this product can control the intraocular pressure in most of these cases, as a short-term auxiliary drug before surgery. In the acute phase of closed-angle glaucoma, the antihypertensive operation should be selected according to the angle of the room and tonometry after applying this product to reduce blood pressure. This product is also used to reduce intraocular pressure before glaucoma and certain internal eye surgery. Those who are not satisfied with the intraocular pressure control after anti-glaucoma surgery can still use this product to control intraocular pressure. Secondary glaucoma can also be used to reduce intraocular pressure.

Drug Name: Acetazolamide tablets
Drug type: Prescription medicines, essential medicines, medicines for medical workers' injuries

Special medicine: Doping
Use classification: Low potency diuretics

Acetazolamide drug name

[Common name] Acetazolamide tablets

[English name] Acetazolamide Tablets

[Chinese Pinyin] Yi Xian Zuo An Pian

Category of Acetazolamide Tablets

Chemicals & Biological Products >> Ophthalmic Drugs >> Other Ophthalmic Drugs

Acetazolamide Ingredients

Main ingredient: Acetazolamide.

Acetazolamide Tablet Properties

This product is a white tablet.

Acetazolamide indications

It is suitable for the treatment of various types of glaucoma, and is an effective auxiliary drug for reducing intraocular pressure for the short-term control of various types of glaucoma during acute attacks.
Open-angle (chronic simple) glaucoma. If the intraocular pressure cannot be controlled with drugs, treatment with this product can control the intraocular pressure in most of these cases, as a short-term auxiliary drug before surgery.
In the acute phase of closed-angle glaucoma, the antihypertensive operation should be selected according to the angle of the room and tonometry after applying this product to reduce blood pressure.
This product is also used to reduce intraocular pressure before glaucoma and certain internal eye surgery. Those who are not satisfied with the intraocular pressure control after anti-glaucoma surgery can still use this product to control intraocular pressure.
Secondary glaucoma can also be used to reduce intraocular pressure.

Acetazolamide Tablet Specifications

0.25g

Acetazolamide tablets

Oral administration:
Commonly used amount for adults (1) open-angle glaucoma, the first dose is 250mg (1 tablet), 1-3 times a day, the maintenance amount should be determined according to the patient's response to the drug, try to use smaller doses to control intraocular pressure; 250mg (1 tablet) twice a day can control intraocular pressure in the normal range.
(2) Secondary glaucoma and IOP reduction before surgery, 250mg (1 tablet), once every 4 to 8 hours, usually 2 to 3 times a day.
(3) For acute cases, double the dose to 500 mg (2 tablets) for the first time, and then use 125 to 250 mg (0.5 to 1 tablet) to maintain the dose 2 to 3 times a day.

Acetazolamide adverse reactions

Common adverse reactions after general medication are:
1. Numbness and tingling in the limbs;
2. General malaise syndrome: fatigue, weight loss, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, decreased libido, etc .;
3 Gastrointestinal reactions: metallic taste, nausea, loss of appetite, indigestion, diarrhea;
4 Renal reactions: polyuria, nocturia, kidney and urinary tract stones.
5. Temporary myopia may occur, sulfa-like rash, exfoliative dermatitis may also occur.
Rare side effects:
1. Electrolyte disorders: metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and potassium salts may reduce symptoms;
Hearing loss;
3. The most serious adverse reactions are hematopoietic system disorders: acute hemolytic anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, aplastic anemia, and renal failure.
Long-term medication can aggravate symptoms such as hypokalemia, hyponatremia, electrolyte disorders, and metabolic acidosis. As the decrease in blood potassium can reduce the effect of this product. For patients with kidney stones, this product can induce or aggravate the disease. If renal colic and hematuria occur, the drug should be stopped immediately.

Acetazolamide taboo

Hepatic and renal insufficiency caused hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperchloric acidosis, adrenal failure and adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), liver coma.

Precautions for acetazolamide tablets

1. Ask the patient if they have a history of sulfa allergy, and patients who cannot tolerate sulfa drugs or other sulfa derivative diuretics cannot tolerate this product.
2. Taken with food can reduce gastrointestinal reactions.
3 The following situations should be used with caution:
(1) Because this product can increase blood sugar and urine glucose concentration, patients with diabetes should use it with caution;
(2) Use with caution in patients with acidosis and liver and kidney dysfunction.
4 Interference to diagnosis:
(1) Determination of urine 17-hydroxysteroids can cause false positive results due to interference with the absorption of the Glenn-Nelson method;
(2) urine protein determination, due to urine alkalization, can cause some false positive results such as bromophenol blue test;
(3) Blood ammonia concentration, serum bilirubin, and urobilin levels can all be increased;
(4) The blood glucose concentration and urine glucose concentration can be increased, and those who are not diabetic will not be affected;
(5) The concentration of plasma chloride can be increased, and the concentration of serum potassium can be reduced.
5. Follow-up examination: In acute glaucoma and glaucoma, the intraocular pressure should be measured daily, and the intraocular pressure should be measured regularly in the chronic phase, and the vision and visual field should be checked regularly. After intraocular pressure control, the dosage of medicine should be adjusted according to the type of glaucoma, anterior chamber angle change, and intraocular pressure tracing, and appropriate anti-glaucoma surgery should be selected. Patients who need to postpone anti-glaucoma surgery, use this product for a long time. In addition to taking potassium salt, they need to have IOP, vision, visual field, blood pressure, blood and urine routine records for 24 hours before treatment. Evaluate the curative effect and find possible adverse reactions during treatment, and adjust the dose according to the condition.
6. Some people who cannot tolerate the adverse reactions of acetazolamide or long-term ineffectiveness can use other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as diclofenamide.

Acetazolamide tablets for pregnant and lactating women

Animal tests have confirmed that the application of acetazolamide 10 times higher than the adult dose has a higher incidence of teratogenicity in rodent fetuses, so its advantages and disadvantages must be considered. It has been reported that women who are about to give birth and are pregnant should not use it, especially during the first 3 months of pregnancy. Breastfeeding women who need to use this product should suspend breastfeeding.

Acetazolamide tablets for children

Commonly used in children: anti-glaucoma, 2 to 3 times a day, 5 to 10 mg / kg orally per body weight, or 300 to 900 mg / m ² orally every 2 to 3 times per body surface area.

Acetazolamide drug interactions

1. In combination with adrenocorticotropic hormones, glucocorticoids, and especially mineralocorticoids, can cause severe hypokalemia. In the combined use, care should be taken to monitor serum potassium concentrations and cardiac function. It should also be estimated that long-term concurrent use has the risk of increasing hypocalcemia and can cause osteoporosis, as these drugs can increase calcium excretion.
2. When combined with amphetamine, anti-M-choline drugs, especially with atropine and quinidine, due to the formation of alkaline urine, the excretion of this product will be reduced, which will make the adverse reactions worse or prolonged.
3 When combined with antidiabetic drugs (such as insulin), hypoglycemic response can be reduced, because this product can cause hyperglycemia and urine sugar, the dose should be adjusted.
4 Combined application with phenobarbital, carbamazepine, or phenytoin can cause an increase in the incidence of osteomalacia.
5. Digitalis glycosides combined with this product can increase the toxicity of digitalis and hypokalemia.
6. Combined with mannitol or urea, it can increase the amount of urine while enhancing the effect of reducing intraocular pressure.

Acetazolamide drug overdose

No acute toxicity has been reported in patients taking too much.

Acetazolamide tablets pharmacology and toxicology

This product is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which can inhibit the formation of aqueous humor and reduce intraocular pressure. Aqueous effluent does not change. Acetazolamide can inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body, thereby reducing the production of aqueous humor (50% to 60%) and reducing intraocular pressure.

Pharmacokinetics of Acetazolamide Tablets

Easily absorbed by mouth. High protein binding rate. After taking acetazolamide 500mg orally, the effect of reducing intraocular pressure will begin within 1 to 1.5 hours; the blood concentration will reach a peak in 2 to 4 hours; it can be maintained for 4 to 6 hours, the highest serum concentration is 12 to 27 mg / ml, and t _{1 / 2} is 2.4 to 5.8 hours. Acetazolamide is orally administered, and 90% to 100% of the amount administered within 24 hours is excreted from the kidney in its original form.