What Are the Different Corticosteroid Withdrawal Symptoms?

The long-term use of a certain drug causes the body to adapt to the drug. Once the drug is stopped or the dosage is reduced too quickly, the body's regulatory function is dysfunctional, resulting in functional disorders, rebound or recovery of the disease or symptom, and aggravation of the disease. Drug response.

The long-term use of a certain drug causes the body to adapt to the drug. Once the drug is stopped or the dosage is reduced too quickly, the body's regulatory function is dysfunctional, resulting in functional disorders, rebound or recovery of the disease or symptom, and aggravation of the disease. Drug response.

Chinese name

Withdrawal response

Foreign name

Withdrawal.Adverse

the reason

Stop medicine or reduce it too quickly

which performed

Rebound or recovery of illness or symptoms

The test for withdrawal is whether the symptoms can be reduced when re-administration, but this is often not the case clinically, and withdrawals that do not meet this standard often occur. Many drugs work through complex feedback mechanisms in neurology, endocrinology, hematology, or the cardiovascular system. Sudden withdrawal may cause a short-term imbalance in the body's normal internal environmental control, leading to adverse reactions caused by withdrawal. . Among them, drugs that can cause withdrawal are ethanol, opioids, sedative hypnotics and anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antitremor paralytics, sympathomimetics, corticosteroids, antihypertensives and Antianginal drugs, as well as medications for thrombosis.

1 ethanol

Sudden abstinence can cause tremor delirium, which is characterized by disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions, psychomotor activity, and hyperactive autonomy. Although these characteristics can be reduced after re-administration of ethanol (thus meeting the basic criteria mentioned above), the safe alternative treatment is the use of diazepam and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which can reduce the mortality of tremor delirium from About 20% fell to 3%.

2 opioids

Withdrawal symptoms can occur with sudden withdrawal, early anxiety, nervousness, and anxiety, with tears, runny nose, yawns, and sweating within 5 to 15 hours. This withdrawal symptoms are similar to moderate to severe flu-like symptoms. Opioids can inhibit the production of opioid peptides (endorphins) in the brain. When opioids are withdrawn, endorphin is temporarily inadequate. This effect causes opioid analgesics to cause psychotic toxicity. Appropriate opioids were used during withdrawal symptoms and the symptoms disappeared immediately.

3 antipsychotics

3.1 Phenothiazines ( such as chlorpromazine ) or butyrylbenzenes ( such as haloperidol )

Sudden medication withdrawal may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, feelings of heat or cold, insomnia, restlessness, high blood pressure, and tachycardia 2 to 3 days after the drug is stopped. It will only improve after 1 to 2 weeks. Dyskinesias can occur after a sudden reduction in dose or a few days after discontinuation, and occasionally last up to 6 months. They may be related to the high dopaminergic state.

3.2 Antidepressants

In the clinical practice of psychiatry, when the withdrawal of drugs is too fast or the antipsychotics, antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs (excluding anxiolytics and central stimulants) are withdrawn, the corresponding symptoms may rebound, that is, the withdrawal reaction [2]. Sudden discontinuation of tricyclic antidepressants can cause anxiety, nausea, dizziness, headache, vomiting, myalgia, and inability to sit still. Short-term pauses can also cause serious adverse reactions. These symptoms are reduced after the tricyclic drug is re-administered. Withdrawal of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS), such as paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline, can lead to sleep disturbances and dizziness. Paroxetine withdrawal is also known as Disorders are related.

4Antitremor paralysis drugs and anticholinesterase drugs

Benzhexol and Orphenadrine and the anticholinesterase benztropine can cause irritability, tremor, anxiety, insomnia, increased sweating, tearing, Excessive saliva, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting. The next day was the most severe, and the symptoms began to relieve after another 2 hours of taking antan. It is believed that it may take several years after taking antan to develop dependence, and its clinical manifestations are no different from those of dependence syndrome or withdrawal syndrome caused by other psychoactive substances; the drug user may be the cause of the mental patient, and the patient has not shown There is a strong craving for the use of antan; in most cases, the medication has been maintained at a certain dose, which seems to be an increase in intolerance, which may be the characteristic of antan dependence [3].

5 Corticosteroids

The long-term administration of corticosteroids can interfere with the feedback of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland. The degree of adrenal suppression depends on the route of administration, dose and course of treatment. It can take up to 9 months for the adrenal function to return to normal. Signs of adrenal insufficiency often include fatigue, weakness, nausea, anorexia, joint pain, skin desquamation, hypotension, dyspnea, and hypoglycemia, which can also be fatal. Some patients may develop benign intracranial hypertension (pseudo-brain tumor) when the dose is abruptly reduced or treatment (systemic or local) is abruptly stopped, and pseudo rheumatism syndrome may also occur.

6 antihypertensive drugs

Sudden clonidine can cause sympathetic hypersensitivity. The concentration of catecholamines and blood pressure in the circulation may suddenly rise. The level of blood catecholamines has a great effect on blood pressure. The concentration of catecholamines is high and the heart's autonomy is enhanced. Other withdrawal effects include insomnia, headaches, flushing, sweating, and fear. One case reported that patients with previous mild hypertension developed severe hypertension after sudden withdrawal of methyldopa.

7 prevent and cure angina pectoris

Bounce ischemic symptoms and signs may occur when abrupt discontinuation of nitrate sustained-release preparations (such as isosorbide mononitrate) for angina pectoris. About 2% to 4% of patients may rebound and gradually withdraw. The combination of beta blockers or calcium antagonists can reduce this risk.

8 beta -blockers

A few patients use -blockers to treat angina pectoris. After sudden withdrawal or dose reduction, symptoms worsen, myocardial infarction is extremely rare, and even sudden death. Cardiac effects generally occur 1 to 2 days after sudden withdrawal (tachycardia). The effects are greatest in 4 to 8 days and improve within about 2 weeks. Heart rate-increasing effects of atenolol and acebutolol, oxprenolol (selective 1 blockers), and propranolol occur one week before the rebound effect Treatment is necessary, and hypertension rebound can also occur when 1 blocker therapy is suddenly withdrawn [4].

The US Drug and Food Administration (FDA) also mixes withdrawal of psychotropic drugs with withdrawal syndrome. This may mislead patients and their families, and even the general public, that antidepressants, antipsychotics and their combined benzetholides will also become addicted, and withdrawal syndromes will occur, which will affect patients' medication compliance. Negative effects of treatment of mental illness