What are the Different Types of Hospital Equipment?

Medical equipment refers to instruments, equipment, appliances, materials, or other items used alone or in combination on the human body, and also includes required software. Medical equipment is the most basic element of medical, scientific research, teaching, institutional, and clinical work, including professional medical equipment and home medical equipment.

Medical equipment

Medical equipment refers to instruments, equipment, appliances, materials, or other items used alone or in combination on the human body, and also includes required software. Medical equipment is the most basic element of medical, scientific research, teaching, institutional, and clinical work, including professional medical equipment and home medical equipment.

Chinese name

Medical equipment

Including

Professional medical equipment

Meaning

mechanism,

The basic conditions for medical equipment to continuously improve the level of medical science and technology are also an important indicator of the degree of modernization. Medical equipment has become an important field of modern medicine. The development of medical care depends to a large extent on the development of instruments, and even in the development of the medical industry, its breakthrough in bottlenecks has also played a decisive role.

Medical equipment refers to instruments, equipment, appliances, materials, or other items used alone or in combination on the human body, and also includes required software. The therapeutic effects on the human body surface and in the body are not obtained through pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means, but medical device products play a certain auxiliary role. During use, it aims to achieve the following intended purposes: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, remission of disease; diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, remission, compensation of injury or disability; research, replacement, and adjustment of anatomical or physiological processes Pregnancy control.

There are three main categories of medical device classifications, namely, diagnostic devices.

The broad sense of medical equipment includes medical equipment, home medical equipment, and professional medical equipment does not include home medical equipment. It can be seen that while they are closely linked, they are also an inclusive relationship, and the subtle differences are not difficult to see.

The repair and maintenance of large-scale medical equipment, equipment installation and equipment scrapping are all one of the main tasks of the equipment department in the hospital, which is directly related to the safety of the use of the equipment and the effectiveness of the inspection and testing of clinical medical equipment. Collaboration and continuity of medical work throughout the hospital. The basic point of the development and design of this system is how the equipment department uses limited manpower, material resources and limited resources to ensure the normal use of equipment in terms of cost-effectiveness to achieve a higher degree of autonomous maintenance is very important. Subject.

This article is based on the specificity of medical equipment maintenance. The equipment for repair and delivery uses digital bar code coding and equipment self-numbering to create a file. Computer comprehensive statistics are used for equipment repair, maintenance, installation, and equipment obsolescence data.

System design goals

The following describes the system from several characteristics of the system, focusing on providing a development idea, rather than a simple system.

Intelligent

A large-scale hospital equipment maintenance management system should not just simply repeat manual procedures, it should be a program with intelligent characteristics. This system contains several EOQ modules, and the alarm for equipment maintenance alarm is specially set. When a piece of equipment to be repaired is sent to the equipment section for maintenance, the computer will automatically remind (according to the expiration date of the maintenance equipment) because the maintenance engineer did not perform timely repairs, and the alarm is divided into three levels (and sound and light alarms). When the system is in the login interface, the server module is used, and the inspection is performed at intervals. If the maintenance equipment is to be repaired, the system will prompt the engineer to perform maintenance by sound and light alarm on the operation interface.

The system provides modules such as equipment classification, equipment management, spare parts management, information management, report output, and statistical analysis. It can perform statistical analysis on various maintenance work indicators and display the statistical analysis results in the form of tables. Such as the maintenance statistics of maintenance equipment, the number of equipment sent for inspection, the repair rate of equipment maintenance, the repair rate of equipment maintenance and component inventory statistics, equipment scrap factor analysis, etc.

For data integrity and security, we use code to implement automatic database backup and restore functions. System administrators can also manually back up and restore data. Another technology is a strict authorization mechanism. The administrator assigns different management rights according to the responsibilities of the engineer operator.

stability

The computer system uses Windows XP Advanced Server. Through background data collection, it provides engineers with a high-performance client and server platform. The data processing method using this system is quite simple, it can process various display formats, print data reports, Handle complex data and reports freely.

Medical equipment is an important indicator of the degree of modernization. It is the most important part of medical, scientific research, teaching and research, and teaching work.

The hospital cannot be powered off. Once a power failure occurs, it may endanger the life of patients. same,

Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has begun to enter a stage of rapid development. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, since 2000, GDP (gross domestic product) has maintained a rapid growth, from 9.995 trillion yuan in 2000 to 397.9983 billion yuan in 2010. Yuan, a compound annual growth rate of 14.90%. From 2005 to 2010, the total output value of the medical device industry has steadily increased year by year, with a compound growth rate of more than 20%.

With the development of medical science and bioengineering technology, the demand for high-end medical equipment such as MRI, CT, PET, gamma knife and other high-tech imaging equipment and radiation therapy equipment has surged; the reform of the health care system and the state's Factors such as investment also increase the demand for high-end equipment in primary hospitals.

At present, the financing methods for the introduction of domestic hospital equipment can be roughly divided into the following types: self-owned funds, bank loans, foreign government loans, financial appropriations, corporate investment, and financial leasing. Among them, financial leasing has gradually been recognized by hospitals for its advantages such as flexibility, fastness, large financing amount, and fast funding availability. This model has been increasingly adopted in practice.

The scale of China's financial leasing transactions in 2010 was about 700 billion yuan, an increase of 89% over 2009. According to HCR (Huicong Research) estimates, the investment in medical equipment financing leases is about 30 billion yuan. By the end of 2010, there were 181 financial leasing companies registered and operating in China, an increase of 17 from 2008.

According to the "Administrative Measures for Financial Leasing Companies", a financial leasing business refers to a transaction in which a lessor purchases leased items from the seller, provides them to the lessee for use, and collects rent from the lessee. It is based on the condition that the lessor retains the ownership of the leased property and collects the rent, so that the lessee has the right to possess, use and benefit from the leased property during the lease contract period. The medical equipment financing leasing means that after the hospital determines the corresponding medical equipment and supplier (manufacturer) and completes the approval procedures for the introduction of the relevant medical equipment, the leasing company purchases the selected medical equipment according to the hospital's requirements and delivers it to the hospital. During the period of use, the hospital pays a certain amount of rent in phases to obtain the right to use and gain the equipment. At the end of the lease, the hospital can acquire the ownership of the equipment after paying a lower residual value of the equipment. According to the definition, during the financial lease period, the hospital owns the right of use and income, and the leasing company owns the ownership of the equipment. After the lease period ends, the ownership belongs to the hospital.

The reason why financial leasing is widely used is that it has the incomparable advantages of other methods of financing: its review conditions are relatively loose, and it mainly examines indicators such as the size of the hospital and its good operating conditions; longer financing periods, flexible business procedures, and shorter operating time; The payment period is relatively long and the repayment method is flexible; the contract is tight, the rights and obligations of the two parties are clearly divided, and the legal risk is low. This method is suitable for large and medium-sized hospitals that urgently need equipment but insufficient funds are raised, which can enable the hospital to achieve a rolling development of business scale in a short period of time. With the steady development of the business, the two parties can gradually establish high-value credit and strategic cooperative relations. ; Leasing companies generally only require hospitals to provide regular information feedback without affecting the normal operation of the hospital.

Because financial leasing mainly solves the hospital's funding needs, there are certain shortcomings, which are mainly reflected in: interest rates will change with changes in bank interest rates, lesser management service fees charged by the lessor; lessor neglects when formulating the contract Responsibility and obligations such as equipment quality, service and maintenance have brought risks to the hospital. These shortcomings are just the important factors for hospitals to choose to use financial leasing or other means to introduce equipment. It is also because the responsibilities and obligations are not clear, leading to many legal disputes in the process of financial leasing.

At present, domestic hospitals mainly use direct leaseback, manufacturer lease, and sale and leaseback to raise funds and introduce equipment. Direct leasing refers to the lease where the lessor purchases the equipment with its own funds or funds raised in the capital market and leases it directly to the lessee. The manufacturer lease refers to the financing signed by the leasing company with suppliers and agents for its customers. Cooperation agreement, where customers are recommended by suppliers and agents, and leasing companies provide financial leasing services to their customers; after-sales leaseback is the activation of assets by hospitals, transferring ownership of existing equipment to third parties for liquidity, and paying rent during the lease period , The process of expiration redemption.

Financing leasing is the innovation of the allocation of resources in the market, which opens up a better channel for the allocation of funds and realizes the innovation of investment methods and investment portfolios. The state and many local governments have issued corresponding policies to encourage and support multi-channel financing for financing leasing companies, and to provide financial taxation support, incentives and subsidies for the development of the financial leasing industry. With the encouragement and support of policies, the form of financial leasing will certainly more effectively address the needs of hospitals for equipment, which will also promote the development of the medical and health industry.

Domestic development

80% of China's medical resources are concentrated in 20% of large cities, and ordinary people are concentrated in large hospitals, resulting in long waiting times for medical treatment and an acute shortage of hospital beds. Improving the community medical network to enable the masses to enter the community for minor illnesses and hospitals for major illnesses is one of the main means to solve the difficult and expensive medical treatment in China. It is a more reasonable way to allocate medical resources to the hospital for minor illnesses and to the community for minor illnesses. Community medical institutions will become the main body of community health services such as preventive care, basic medical treatment, health education, and disease control.

China's community medical service is still in its infancy. In 2009, the national community health service centers and service stations accounted for only 2.98% of the total number of health institutions, and their health technicians accounted for only 4.52% of the total number of health technicians. There is still much room for improvement in the human resources of community medical institutions.

There is still a large gap between community medical institutions and large hospitals in terms of objective conditions such as facilities and diagnosis and treatment. Some community medical institutions lack hardware, outdated equipment, and even the poor external environment affects residents' confidence in seeing a doctor. Many community medical institutions have a single business and low technical level, and generally lack general practitioners and senior talents.

Introduce equipment

1.If it is a public institution hospital affiliated with the Health Bureau, it must be approved by the superior health authority.

2. Approval for special equipment: The three ministries (Ministry of Health, Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Finance) stipulate that the purchase of large-scale medical equipment requires a configuration license, that is, approval can be purchased. Category A large-scale medical equipment requires approval from the Ministry of Health, Category B Large medical equipment must be approved by the provincial health department.

3. The ambulance needs the approval of the provincial and municipal health authorities, otherwise the traffic management department will not issue a license.

4.After the purchase is approved, procurement must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the local government according to the procedures. Equipment of more than 1 million yuan must enter the bidding process. Imported large-scale Class A and B medical equipment must be submitted for public bidding and undergo mechanical and electrical review procedures.

The operation and use of professional medical equipment must be professionals, qualified to practice, holding large-scale equipment employment permits, and said in Article 21 of Weijian Caifa [2004] No. 474 that "Employees of large-scale medical equipment need to be trained to obtain the corresponding Qualifications.