What Is the Difference between Hydrocodone and Codeine?

Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone, is a chemical with white to pale yellow crystals. The molecular formula is C18H21NO3, the molecular weight is 299.36400, and the melting point is 198 ° C. Hydrocodone is an antipyretic and analgesic. It is mainly used clinically for cough and relieves moderate to severe pain caused by various reasons. Currently available varieties: paracetamol hydrocodone, 5mg hydrocodone bitartrate and 500mg paracetamol.

Chinese name: Hydrocodone
Foreign name: Hydrocodone

CAS number: 125-29-1
Molecular formula: C18H21NO3

Hydrocodone compounds

Hydrocodone Basic Information

Chinese name: dihydrocodeinone

English name: hydrocodone

English alias: Bekadid; (4R, 4aR, 7aR, 12bS) -9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a, 5,6,7a, 13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro [3,2 -e] isoquinoline-7-one; hidrocodona; 7,8-dihydrocodeinone; Dicodid;

CAS number: 125-29-1

Molecular formula: C ₁₈ H ₂₁ NO ₃

Chemical structure:

Molecular weight: 299.36400

Exact mass: 299.15200

PSA: 38.77000

LogP: 1.87120 ^[1]

Hydrocodone physicochemical properties

Appearance and properties: white to light yellow crystal

Density: 1.31 g / cm3

Melting point: 198ºC

Boiling point: 461.4ºC at 760 mmHg

Flash point: 232.9ºC

Refractive index: 1.633

Vapor pressure: 1.07E-08mmHg at 25 ° C ^[1]

Hydrocodone Basic Information

[ Common name ] Hydrocodone

[ English name ] hydrocodone

[ Introduction ] Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic anesthetic, analgesic and antitussive drug. It has a variety of activities similar to the codeine properties. Most of these effects are related to the central nervous system and smooth muscle. In other words, it is an anesthetic that can be used to relieve pain.

Available varieties: Paracetamol hydrocodone tablets, 5mg hydrocodone bitartrate and 500mg paracetamol. ^[2]

Hydrocodone usage and dosage

Oral administration

Antitussive, moderate to severe pain

Adult: Hydrocodone tartrate: 5-10 mg every 4-6 hours. ^[2]

Hydrocodone pharmacological action

Hydrocodone is a phenanthrene derivative and is an opioid analgesic. A commonly used formulation is hydrocodone tartrate, which is mainly used to relieve irritating cough. The drug is often used in combination with acetaminophen to relieve moderate to severe pain.

Metabolism: May be metabolized in the liver.

Excretion: Most are excreted through urine. Healthy adult half-life: 3.8 hours. ^[2]

Hydrocodone pharmacokinetics

Five adult men took 10 mg of hydrocodone orally. The average peak plasma concentration was 23.6 ± 5.2 ng / ml, the peak time was 1.3 ± 0.3 h, and the plasma t _{1/2 was} 3.8 ± 0.3 h. Hydrocodone exhibits complex metabolic patterns including O-demethyl, N-demethyl and 6-ketone reduction to 6- and 6- hydroxyl metabolites ^[2] .

Hydrocodone precautions

Head trauma, acute alcoholism, convulsive disease, elevated intracranial pressure, elderly, weak, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, asthma, kidney or liver damage, enlarged prostate, hypotension, shock, inflammation or obstruction Intestinal disease, myasthenia gravis, drug dependent patients, children <1 year old, pregnant women who are breastfeeding should use with caution. Affects the ability to drive and operate machinery ^[2] .

Hydrocodone adverse reactions

Nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, central nervous system abnormalities, cardiovascular disease, dry mouth, sweating, flushing, decreased libido, narrowed pupils, convulsions.

Serious adverse reactions: respiratory depression ^[2] .

FDA Hydrocodone FDA pregnancy classification

Animal studies have proven that the drug is harmful to the fetus (teratogenic or embryonic death, etc.), or there have not been controlled pregnant women, or pregnant women and animals. This class of drugs should only be used after weighing the benefits to the pregnant woman over the harm to the fetus.