What Are the Pros and Cons of HPV Vaccination?

Among female malignancies, the incidence of cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer. Most cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection. More than 100 types of HPV have been isolated, of which at least 14 types can cause cervical cancer or other malignant tumors. Globally, high-risk HPV16 and 18 subtypes can be detected in most cervical cancers, of which HPV16 subtype has the greatest potential to induce canceration. Low-risk HPV 6 and 11 subtypes are associated with the vast majority of genital condyloma and almost all recurrent respiratory papilloma. Although cancer and precancerous lesions of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus are relatively rare, at least 80% of anal cancer and at least 40% to 60% of vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer are induced by HPV. The distribution of HPV genotypes varies by geographic region, but the predominant oncogenic genotype in all regions is the HPV16 subtype. The world's first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer, precancerous lesions, and genital warts caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) of types 6, 11, 16, and 18 has been approved.

Among female malignancies, the incidence of cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer. Most cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection. More than 100 types of HPV have been isolated, of which at least 14 types can cause cervical cancer or other malignant tumors. Globally, high-risk HPV16 and 18 subtypes can be detected in most cervical cancers, of which HPV16 subtype has the greatest potential to induce canceration. Low-risk HPV 6 and 11 subtypes are associated with the vast majority of genital condyloma and almost all recurrent respiratory papilloma. Although cancer and precancerous lesions of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus are relatively rare, at least 80% of anal cancer and at least 40% to 60% of vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer are induced by HPV. The distribution of HPV genotypes varies by geographic region, but the predominant oncogenic genotype in all regions is the HPV16 subtype. The world's first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer, precancerous lesions, and genital warts caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) of types 6, 11, 16, and 18 has been approved.

From April 10, 2018, Shenzhen will include HPV vaccine in medical insurance payments. Eight new vaccines were added to the payment scope of Shenzhen Medical Insurance's personal account, including 4-valent human papilloma virus vaccine and 2-valent human papilloma virus vaccine, also known as cervical cancer bivalent and tetravalent vaccines. ^[1]

Chinese name

Human papillomavirus vaccine

Dosage

Three doses within six months

Dosage form

Fluid injection

Whether prescription drugs

Non-prescription drugs

Main indications

Prevent cervical cancer, genital warts, anal cancer

How HPV vaccine works

A large number of laboratory and clinical research data show that the immune response of the HPV host plays a very important role in controlling HPV infection and related lesions. HPV precancerous lesions and cervical cancer patients generally have low immune status to HPV. The HPV prophylactic vaccine mainly uses synthetic L1 late protein virus-like particles with natural spatial structure as the target antigen, induces the body to produce high-titer serum neutralizing antibodies to neutralize the virus, and assists tumor-specific killing T lymphocyte clearance Viral infection.

HPV vaccine clinical application

The vaccine is mainly used for women aged 9 to 26 years. The current research on HPV vaccines is mainly aimed at high-risk HPV, including two major types of preventive vaccines and therapeutic vaccines. Preventive vaccines mainly fight against HPV infection by inducing an effective humoral immune response, that is, the production of neutralizing antibodies, while therapeutic vaccines It is mainly by stimulating cellular immune response to clear virus infected or mutated cells.

HPV vaccine adverse reactions

Mild, transient local reactions such as redness and pain occur after the HPV vaccine.

HPV vaccine precautions

Should not be used in people with a history of severe allergies to other vaccines or pregnant women, patients with acute illness should be postponed. Although the HPV vaccine itself does not increase the risk of syncope after vaccination, post-marketing survey reports show that adolescent women have a relatively high chance of syncope after receiving the vaccine, so it is recommended to observe 15 minutes after the vaccine.