What Are the Side Effects of Thyroid Medicine?

Thyroid disease is a common clinical endocrine system disease, which mainly includes hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid cysts, and thyroid tumors, which seriously threaten physical health.

Chinese name: Thyroid disease

Foreign name: thyropathy

Thyroid disease I. Causes and common diseases:

1. Thyroid disease 1. Hyperthyroidism:

Causes of hyperthyroidism include diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease), inflammatory hyperthyroidism (subacute thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, and Hashimoto's hyperthyroidism), drug-induced hyperthyroidism (levothyroxine sodium and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism) , HCG-related hyperthyroidism (pregnant vomiting transient hyperthyroidism), and pituitary TSH tumor hyperthyroidism.

More than 80% of clinical hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves' disease. Graves' disease is a thyroid autoimmune disease. Patients' lymphocytes produce immunoglobulin-TSI that stimulates the thyroid gland. TSI measured clinically is a thyrotropin receptor antibody: TRAb. The cause of Graves' disease is not clear now, and may be related to factors such as fever, lack of sleep, and high mental stress, but the clinical cause of most patients cannot be found. Graves disease is often combined with other autoimmune diseases, such as vitiligo, hair loss, and type 1 diabetes.

2. Thyroid disease 2. Hypothyroidism:

The etiology is more complicated, more common in the primary, followed by the pituitary, others are rare.

3. Thyroid disease 3. thyroiditis:

Some inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland are collectively referred to as thyroiditis, including common chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease, and subacute thyroiditis. Fever and neck pain may occur.

Autoimmune, viral infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection, chronic sclerosis, radiation injury, granulomas, drugs, trauma and other reasons are all related to the onset of thyroiditis. Staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus and other bacterial infections can cause acute thyroiditis. Thyroid virus infections such as coxsackie virus, mumps virus, influenza virus, and adenovirus infections are considered to be the cause of subacute thyroiditis and can also occur after non-viral infections (such as Q fever or malaria, etc.). In addition, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are also related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid.

4. Thyroid disease 4. Thyroid cyst:

Mainly due to iodine deficiency, thyroid cysts and degenerative lesions are caused by thyroid hyperplasia.

5. Thyroid disease 5. Thyroid tumor:

The etiology of this disease is unclear, and the pathological changes are thyroid follicular hyperplasia and thyroid tissue enlargement.

Thyroid disease 2. Differential diagnosis:

Patients with endocrine disorders due to abnormal thyroid function, clinical symptoms are symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as fear of heat, sweating, hyper appetite, weight loss, etc. Patients with hypothyroidism are afraid of cold, edema, loss of appetite, weight gain and other symptoms, serious Affects the health and safety of patients.

Thyroid disease three, check:

(A) color Doppler ultrasound:

Color Doppler ultrasound can make a more accurate judgment of the echo, calcification and blood flow in the patient's lesion. It will not cause trauma to patients, and the resolution is continuously improved. The clarity of the internal condition of nodular lesions has been improved, providing a more accurate basis for diagnosis.

(B) B-ultrasound inspection:

The B-ultrasound features can objectively reflect information such as the morphology of lesions in patients with thyroid disease, and also reflect its internal structure. B-ultrasound can help physicians grasp the patient's thyroid blood flow, internal echo, lymphadenopathy, and calcification. It can also effectively and accurately analyze the infiltration of surrounding tissues, and the diagnosis of lesion size, number and location is also higher. .

Thyroid disease treatment principles:

(A) Hyperthyroidism:

1. Antithyroid drug treatment:

Drug treatment is suitable for pregnant women with hyperthyroidism, children, and patients with mild thyroid enlargement. The treatment usually takes 1 to 2 years, and the dose of the drug needs to be increased or decreased according to the thyroid function. Medication has some side effects,

2. Radioiodine treatment:

Radioiodine is suitable for patients with moderate thyroid enlargement or recurrence of hyperthyroidism. The doctor calculates the radiation dose required for each patient based on the patient's thyroid iodine uptake rate.

3. Surgical treatment:

Suitable for those with significant goiter, or highly suspected malignant thyroid tumors, or goiter with compressed trachea causing breathing difficulties.

(B) hypothyroidism:

1. Lifetime replacement therapy for thyroid preparations:

Early mild cases were dominated by oral thyroid tablets or levothyroxine. Test thyroid function and maintain TSH within normal range.

2. Symptomatic treatment:

In addition to oral thyroid tablets or levothyroxine, intermediate and advanced severe cases require symptomatic treatments such as oxygenation, infusion, infection control, and heart failure. For the treatment of hyperthyroid patients to prevent excessive hypothyroidism.

(Three) thyroiditis:

Mild goiter without asymptomatic patients may not be treated, follow-up observation. When treated with corticosteroids, radioiodine uptake of the thyroid returned to normal and treatment was discontinued.

(D) thyroid cyst:

To understand the nature of thyroid cysts, malignant surgical resection is required. Generally benign cysts can be followed up for observation.

(5) Thyroid tumor:

Patients with smaller tumors and no compression symptoms can be reviewed regularly. Patients with larger tumors or those who cannot rule out malignancy need surgery. Such as surgical removal of one side or the whole thyroid gland should be routinely supplemented with thyroid function to maintain normal thyroid function.