What Happens During a Venesection?

Puncture, a commonly used surgical term in medicine, is a diagnosis and treatment technique in which a puncture needle is inserted into a body cavity to extract secretions for testing, a gas or contrast agent is injected into the body cavity for contrast examination, or a medicine is injected into the body cavity. The purpose of puncture is to take blood tests, blood transfusions, transfusions, and catheterization for angiography.

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Puncture, a commonly used surgical term in medicine, is to insert a puncture needle into a body cavity to extract secretions for testing, and to inject gas or contrast into the body cavity.

Puncture bone marrow aspiration

There are sacral puncture, spine spine process, and sternum puncture. For the diagnosis of blood diseases, some parasitic diseases such as black fever. Bone marrow aspiration is forbidden for people with bleeding tendency.

Puncture lymph node puncture

It is used to puncture superficial lymph nodes for unknown reasons, and the extracted fluid can be used for laboratory and pathological examinations. However, malignant lymphomas and deep lymph nodes should not be punctured.

Puncture arthrocentesis

There are punctures in the shoulder joint cavity, elbow joint cavity, wrist joint cavity, hip joint cavity, knee joint cavity and ankle joint cavity. After the puncture, fluid can be drawn for testing, air contrast can be injected, and medication can be injected. Arthrocentesis requires strict sterility to prevent infection. For unexplained joint diseases, joint cavity tumors, etc.

Puncture vascular puncture

Common examples include femoral artery puncture, femoral vein puncture, and subclavian vein puncture. The purpose is blood tests, blood transfusions, transfusions (including catheterization to retain fluids), and catheterization for angiography. Three blood vessels can be punctured to draw blood. The subclavian vein can be inserted into the catheter after the puncture and reserved for high-nutrition intravenous treatment. The femoral artery can be inserted into the catheter for cardiac and cerebral angiography.

Cerebral angiography

The femoral artery was punctured, and the catheter was sent under the TV screen to the aortic arch, common carotid artery, or vertebral artery opening under the TV screen, and the contrast medium was injected under pressure. Cerebrovascular imaging to diagnose tumors and vascular lesions above and below the curtain.

Spinal angiography

The catheter was inserted into the femoral artery using the Seldinger's method, and under the x-ray screen, it was sent to the vertebral or spinal root arteries for cervical and upper thoracic spinal arteriography. The catheter was sent to the root artery of the 4th to 7th intercostal artery for mid-thoracic spinal cord angiography. The catheter was sent to the 9th to 12th intercostal arteries and the 1st to 2nd root arteries of the lumbar arteries for spinal arteriography of the lower thoracic or lumbar spine. Used to diagnose spinal vascular malformations, intramedullary tumors, and occlusive spinal vascular disease. It is generally safe and has few complications.

Left heart and coronary angiography

From the femoral artery, a catheter is sent to the aortic arch for left heart angiography or the catheter is sent to the left and right coronary artery openings. Contrast agents are injected for coronary angiography. Suitable for congenital heart disease, coronary artery infarction, rheumatic heart valve disease, syphilitic aortic valve disease, myocarditis, endocarditis, complete left bundle branch block, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension. Contraindications for iodine allergies.

Venography

A puncture from the femoral vein is carried into the catheter, and 25 to 40 ml of contrast medium is injected through the external iliac vein and the iliac vein. Continuous filming is performed for spinal venography, which is used to diagnose spinal vein malformations, spinal tumors, and lateral disc herniation. The common jugular vein can also be punctured and delivered into the catheter, and delivered to the superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery for right heart catheterization. It is used to diagnose congenital heart disease such as atrial or ventricular septal defect, open ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary stenosis, rheumatic valve disease, etc. Contraindications are the same as left heart radiography.