What Is Allopurinol?

Allopurinol and its metabolites can inhibit xanthine oxidase, so that hypoxanthine and xanthine cannot be converted into uric acid, that is, the synthesis of uric acid is reduced, thereby reducing the concentration of uric acid in the blood and reducing urate in bone , Joints and kidneys, drugs that can inhibit uric acid synthesis. This product can inhibit the activity of liver drug enzymes.

Basic Information

Drug Name

Allopurinol

Alias

Allopurinol

Foreign name

Allopurinol

Main indications

Gout

Dosage form

Tablets and sustained release capsules

Drug type

chemical

Allopurinol indication

Clinically used:

1. Primary and secondary hyperuricemia, especially those with excessive uric acid production, are also used for hyperuricemia with renal insufficiency;

2. For the treatment of gout, suitable for those with recurrent or chronic gout. Used in patients with gout nephropathy, which can relieve symptoms and reduce the formation of kidney uric acid stones;

3. Gout stone

4. For uric acid kidney stones and / or uric acid nephropathy.

Clinical application of allopurinol

Oral: The initial dose is 50 mg / time, 1 to 2 times / day, and can be increased by 50 to 100 mg / day per week to 200 to 300 mg / day, divided into 2 to 3 times. The maximum amount does not exceed 600 mg / day. Reduce the amount of children.

Allopurinol adverse reactions

Allergic reaction

The incidence of rash is 3% to 10%. It can be pruritic rash or urticaria, and it can also be a blistering reaction. Other severe allergic reactions may occur, such as exfoliative and purpuric lesions, and erythema polymorpha. Once skin lesions occur, the drug should be discontinued.

Gastrointestinal tract

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain or paroxysmal abdominal pain, etc., the incidence of 1 to 3%. Appropriate symptomatic treatment should be performed when severe or persistent.

3. Nervous system

Headache and dizziness are common, and peripheral nerve inflammation symptoms such as numbness in hands and feet, tingling or pain, and fatigue are rare.

4. Blood system

Agranulocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, bone marrow suppression, etc. are rare, and the incidence is <1%.

5. Other

There may be hair loss, fever, and lymphadenopathy, and cataracts have been reported.

Allopurinol Precautions

Bone marrow suppression can cause pancytopenia, discontinuation if necessary. Drink plenty of water during the medication and make the urine neutral or alkaline to excrete diuretic acid. This product must be started after the symptoms of acute inflammation of gouty arthritis have disappeared (usually about two weeks after the onset). Blood medication and liver and kidney function should be checked regularly during medication.

Contraindication to allopurinol

People with impaired kidney and liver function and the elderly should be cautious and reduce the daily dosage.

Allopurinol drug interactions

1. When used with ampicillin, the incidence of rash increases, especially in patients with hyperuricemia.

2. When this product is used equivalently with anticoagulants such as dicoumarin and indanedione derivatives, the effect of anticoagulants can be strengthened, and attention should be paid to adjusting the dose.

3. The theophylline clearance can be reduced and blood concentration increased.

4. It can slow down catabolism such as azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine, and increase toxicity. Therefore, if used together with these drugs, these two drugs should be reduced to 1/4 of the usual amount.

5. Combination of calcium chloride, vitamin C, potassium (or sodium) can increase the formation of xanthine stones in the kidney.

6. When used with cyclophosphamide, the inhibition of bone marrow can be more obvious.

Note: The above content is only for introduction, the drug use must be carried out by a regular hospital under the guidance of a doctor.