What Is an Anticonvulsant?
Convulsions are involuntary contractions of the whole body's skeletal muscles, which can occur throughout the body or be confined to certain muscle groups. They show rigidity or clonic convulsions. They are common in medicinal fever, eclampsia, tetanus, and certain central nervous system excitements , Commonly used barbiturates and diazepam treatment, can also be treated with magnesium salts. [1]
Anticonvulsant
Introduction to anticonvulsants
- Convulsions are involuntary contractions of the whole body's skeletal muscles, which can occur throughout the body or be confined to certain muscle groups. They show rigidity or clonic convulsions. They are common in medicinal fever, eclampsia, tetanus, and certain central nervous system excitements , Commonly used barbiturates and diazepam treatment, can also be treated with magnesium salts. [1]
- A class of drugs that can counteract or alleviate the pathological hyperexcitability of the central nervous system and eliminate or relieve the involuntary and intense contraction of skeletal muscles throughout the body. Commonly used are magnesium sulfate injection, barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and the like.
Anticonvulsant magnesium sulfate injection
- (Magnesium Sulfate Injection)
- Injected magnesium sulfate solution, the absorbed magnesium ions can inhibit the central nervous system, and as the dose increases, it produces sedative, anticonvulsant and general anesthesia effects, but the dose that produces anesthetic effects can paralyze the respiratory center, so it is not suitable for general anesthesia alone. Medicine should be combined with chloral hydrate. Magnesium ions inhibit the conduction of the motor end plate of the neuromuscular muscles and relax the skeletal muscle. The reason is that it blocks the release of acetylcholine from the motor nerve endings and weakens the sensitivity of the motor end plate to acetylcholine. Commonly used for convulsions caused by central stimulants such as tetanus, encephalitis, and Shining, for treatment of diaphragmatic spasms and cervical spasms during delivery.
Anticonvulsant characteristics
- It is not easy to be absorbed orally, and has a beneficial effect on bile and diarrhea.
- Injection: Inhibits CNS and skeletal muscle relaxation (anticonvulsant)
How anticonvulsants work
- Mg2 + antagonizes the effect of Ca2 +, reduces the release of Ach from motor nerve endings, and relaxes skeletal muscle.
Anticonvulsant poisoning and rescue
- When the dose of this product is too large or the intravenous injection is too fast, it can reduce blood pressure, paralyze the respiratory center, and block myocardial conduction. Because magnesium ions and calcium ions are similar in chemical properties, they can act on the same receptor and compete against each other. Therefore, once poisoned, you can quickly inject 5% calcium chloride solution for rescue.
Anticonvulsant preparations, usage and dosage
- Magnesium sulfate injection 10ml: 1g. Fine meat, intravenous injection, one dose, 10-25g for cattle, horses, 2.5-7.5g for pigs and sheep, 1-2g for dogs and cats.