What Is Astragalus Extract?

Astragalus PE [Product Source] This product is a dried root extract of the legume Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.

Astragalus Extract

[English name]: Astragalus Root Extract

[Plant Latin name]: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.

[Plant source]: It is the root extract of leguminous plant Astragalus membranaceus.

[Extraction process]: Dry the raw materials of Astragalus root, wash, dry, crush, 10 times the amount of water, heat and extract three times for 2 hours each time, combine the three extraction solutions, concentrate the evaporated water to the extract with the specific gravity d = 1.20, and let stand Let cool, extract and stir with ethanol, and let the precipitate stand. Centrifuge the precipitate. Continue adding ethanol to the precipitate and stir. Let stand and centrifuge to obtain crude astragalus polysaccharide. Use a mixed solvent to remove protein and slime components to obtain pure astragalus polysaccharide.

[Properties]: This product is brownish yellow or off-white powder.

[Active Ingredients]: Astragaloside IV, Astragalus Polysaccharide

[Pharmacological effect]: It has the functions of enhancing immunity, energy, anti-fatigue, anti-mutation, liver protection, and inhibition of osteoclasts. Astragalus polysaccharides have the function of lowering blood lipids, that is, lowering cholesterol and triglycerides, and raising high-density lipoproteins; they can prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and hyperlipidemia Wait. Astragaloside IV significantly reduces blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and urinary protein, and can reduce AGEs in the renal cortex and serum. It shows that astragaloside IV has antioxidant effects and inhibits aldose reductase, as well as the mesangium. Cell proliferation and reduce renal hypertrophy. Oral preparations can be made by adding appropriate excipients to astragaloside IV, which is used to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy

[Product preservation]: Store in a cool, dry, dark place and away from high temperature.

[Product packaging]: 25kg / cardboard drum. Can be packed according to customer needs.

[Shelf life]: two years

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Perennial herb, 50 ~ 80 cm tall. The root is long, stick-shaped, and slightly woody. The dried roots are cylindrical, with little divergence. The upper end is thicker and the lower end is thinner. The two ends are flat, 20 ~ 70cm in length and 1 ~ 3cm in thickness. The surface is grayish yellow or light brown, and the whole has irregular vertical wrinkles or The vertical groove is weak and specific, with a slightly sweet taste, and it smells of bean odor. Flowering from June to July, fruiting from August to September. Autumn mining.

Distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu and other places, born in jungle ravines.

There are many chemical components, including saponin, flavonoids, polysaccharides and amino acids.

1 More than forty triterpenoid saponins were isolated from saponins in Astragalus and its close relatives.The structure is tetracyclic triterpenes and pentacyclic triterpenoids.The sugars of the glycosides are mostly glucose, galactose and rhamnose. Mostly connected to aglycon 3,6. Some glycosides were acetylated, and astragaloside and astragaloside were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus. Astragaloside (Acetytastragaloside), Astragalo side , Isoastragaloside , Atramembrannin, Cycloastragenol (Cyclosiversigenin) And soybean saponin (ISoyasaponin); membranous astragalus saponin dull plant Mongolia astragalus includes astragaloside 1, I, W and soybean saponin 1.

2 Polysaccharides Four kinds of polysaccharides were separated from Inner Mongolia Astragalus, two of which were dextran AG-1 and AG-2, and the other two were heteropolysaccharides AH-1 and AH-2, of which AG-1 and AH- 1 has an immune-promoting effect.

3 Flavonoids Astragalus contains mainly flavonoids. Isoflavones, dihydroflavonoids, mainly kaempferin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rhamnosiderin, ursin, stigmacin, calycosm, formononetm 2 ', 4'-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-flavan (2', 4'-dihydroxv-5,6-dimethoxvisoflavane) L-3-hydroxy-9-methoxysaltanane- ( L-3-hydroxv-9-methoxypterocarpan) and its glycosides, the sugars of which are mostly glucose and rhamnose. Rhamnocitrin 3-glucoside and quercetin are separated from the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus. 3-glucoside.

4 amino acids 21 free amino acids were detected in astragalus roots, including asparamide, canaraine, prolin, arginine, aspartic acid, 1 aminobutyric Acid (r-amiinnobutyricacid), etc.

5 Alkaloids Isolate choline (eholme) and betaine (betaine) from Astragalus membranaceus.

6 Organic acids Astragalus organic acids are mainly vanillic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl acrylic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and palmitic acid.

7 Trace Elements The content of trace elements in Astragalus membranaceus is higher in iron, manganese, zinc and thorium, and it is reported that it is rich in selenium.

8 Other astragalus also contains daucostero1, folacicid, and -sitostero1.

[Product content]

This product has the effects of enhancing immunity, energy, anti-fatigue, anti-mutation, liver protection, and inhibition of osteoclasts. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that astragalus has the effects of nourishing qi and yang, solid surface antiperspirant, detoxifying and purging, diuretic swelling, and sore muscles. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that astragalus has the effects of enhancing the body's immune function, strengthening blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-virus, sedation, and analgesia.

1 Effect on the immune system

Effect on non-specific immune function

Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can significantly increase the percentage and index of sheep's phagocytosis of sheep's red blood cells. Further isolation of astragalus polysaccharides yielded three kinds of monomeric polysaccharides: 123, and the experiments were carried out separately. The result was that polysaccharide 1 increased the spleen weight and cell number, but inhibited the immune response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. 2 is similar to 1 but weaker, polysaccharide 3 has no effect. Astragalus saponin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of lymph node B cells and the formation of plasma cell antibodies. Astragalus can promote the formation of immune-specific rosettes of sheep lymphocytes in mouse lymphocytes. Astragalus polysaccharide significantly enhanced the luminous intensity of phagocytosis of macrophages and inhibited the release of PGE2, but further promoted the release of TNF. Cyclooxygenase inhibited ibuprofen significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 and TNF, and had no significant effect on phagocytosis. Therefore, it can be suggested that the combination of immune activators and cyclooxygenase inhibitors is expected to become a new drug treatment for wound infection.

Humoral immunity

Astragalus has a significant role in promoting antibody production in normal organisms. Astragalus has a variety of physiological activities in humoral immunity, enhances the phagocytic activity of monocyte macrophages, releases immune-active substances to somatic cells, natural killer cells, induces interferon, and interleukins. One of its antiviral principles may be to improve the ability of patients' leukocytes to induce interferon. IgE3 increased significantly in normal people after taking Astragalus whole grass extract tablets. Astragalus can promote the phagocytosis of macrophages, promote the proliferation of B cells and inhibit the activity of total complement. It has an inducing effect on the production of interleukins, promotes the formation of immune-specific rosettes of mouse lymphocytes on sheep blood cells, and has a significant protective effect on the immune dysfunction caused by immunosuppressants.It is a two-way immune regulation Agent. Astragalus polysaccharide is a kind of substance with strong immune activity in astragalus.It can enhance the phagocytic function of phagocytic cells.It can be seen from the measurement of spleen and thymus weight, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, total number of spleen cells and plaque forming cells. The Radix Astragali polysaccharide can completely and partially counteract the immunosuppressive effects of cyclic amine phosphate or prednisolone.

Effect on cellular immunity Astragalus can promote somatic immune function.

Its effect of enhancing the immune function of human blood lymphocytes may be the result of partially reducing the activity of suppressor T cells. Astragalus polysaccharide can improve the transcription and expression of IL-2 mRNA and IL-2R mRNA in activated T lymphocytes after trauma by regulating the content and promoting the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol. This may be the mechanism by which astragalus polysaccharides can correct the post-traumatic cellular immune decline. One. The effect of Astragalus on T cells and its secreted cytokines may be related to its regulation of IgG subclass production.

Effects on natural killer cells

Astragalus can protect target cells against T cell activity, but it is not as strong as a promoter of T cell activity. It enhances the activity of NK cells by inducing lymphocytes to produce type II interferon-mediated factors. Therefore, it is thought that NK cells may be precursors of T cells, and the effect of Astragalus on NK cells is consistent with its activation effect on T cells.

Effect on induced interferon

Astragalus has obvious stimulating effects on the interferon system, including three aspects: self-induction, promotion of induction and activity display. Astragalus itself has a certain antitumor effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (5mg / kg) is similar to the antitumor effect of IL-2 / LAK, and has a significant enhancement effect on the antitumor effect of IL-2 / LAK.

2 Effects on body metabolism

1. 1 Effect on cell metabolism By observing human fetal kidney cells, human fetal lung diploid cells and mouse kidney cells growing in a nutrient solution containing astragalus, it is found that astragalus can enhance the cell's physiological metabolism. After decoction in mice and normal people taking Astragalus membranaceus tablets, plasma CAMp content increased significantly. Mouse SC Astragalus injection can significantly increase the total number of white blood cells and the number of multinucleated white blood cells. Astragalus can also promote the generation, development and maturation of various blood cells, and promote the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. For cultured hepatocytes in vitro, astragalus can promote RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that it can prolong cell life, enhance cell metabolism and delay aging.

2. 2 Effects on nucleic acid metabolism

The degree of astragalus polysaccharide (ASP) inhibiting the activity of free RN-ase is: kidney <liver <lung <spleen. This result should be explained by the relative increase in the equilibrium response. The effect of APS is significant in low RI tissues. Astragalus can inhibit the RNA metabolism of human lung diploid cells. Astragalus decoction can significantly promote the DNA synthesis of bone marrow hematopoietic cells and accelerate the process of nucleated cell division. Astragalus saponin can significantly increase the DNA content of regenerated liver, and astragalus polysaccharide has no obvious effect on DNA metabolism.

1. 3 Effect on inner loop nucleotides

Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the content of internal cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and Cgmp) in the plasma and tissues of mice and its effects on different organs are different; administration of cAMP increases while cAMP decreases, and liver does the opposite ; And the spleen were increased. Further experiments show that the effect of astragalus on cAMP is caused by its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE).

1. 4 Effects on protein and other metabolisms

Astragalus decoction for mice for 10 consecutive days can significantly increase the rate of H-leucine incorporation into serum and liver proteins without affecting the protein content, that is, astragalus can promote the renewal of serum and protein in mice, and It is believed that the polysaccharides are likely to be effective ingredients to promote protein renewal. Astragalus saponin 100g / kg gavage has a similar effect. Astragalus tends to increase blood glucose levels in insulin-induced hypoglycemia animals, but the increase is small. 3 Effects on the cardiovascular system

1. 1 Effect on the heart

Astragalus decoction has no obvious effect on isolated frog hearts. Alcohol extraction can enhance isolated frog or toad heart contraction, significantly increase amplitude, and inhibit at high doses. Therefore, astragalus saponin may have a cardiotonic effect through NA and K-ATPase. According to reports, astragalus can increase the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in human cardiomyocytes. The above suggest that astragalus has calcium antagonistic effect, can reduce myocardial CA influx caused by viral infection, may reduce secondary CA damage of infected cells, and has an inhibitory effect on viral RNA replication in cells, showing its role in viral myocarditis Application value in clinical treatment. But a single dose of astragalus has no preventive effect on CVB3 myocarditis. Astragalus saponins have a positive effect on the myocardium, similar to cardiac glycosides. Experiments show that astragalus total saponins can significantly improve cardiac contractility, increase coronary flow and protect cardiac function in dogs with myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that the effect of astragalus on free radicals may be one of the mechanisms of cardiotonic action. Astragaloside IV injection is an effective positive inotropic drug for non-digitalis.

1. 2 Effects on blood vessels and blood pressure

Astragalus has the effect of dilating blood vessels and expanding coronary arteries. Therefore, it is believed that its antihypertensive effect is the result of direct expansion of peripheral blood vessels, and it has no dependence on the heart, nor has it been related to histamine release or adrenergic receptor effect. This shows that the effect of Astragalus on blood pressure is related to the central neuropeptide, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, carnosine-releasing enzyme-carnosine system, and hydroxyproline. The antihypertensive component of astragalus was considered to be an alkaline substance, but it was later found that the root of astragalus plant contains aminobutyric acid, and its content is almost completely parallel with the antihypertensive effect, so it is considered to be an effective antihypertensive component. In terms of vascular effects, aminobutyric acid cannot completely represent astragalus. Astragalus can promote the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells to different degrees, which is beneficial to the process of angiogenesis. Astragalus saponins III IV in astragalus membranaceus, and isoflavones such as formononetin, isoflavones such as verbascum, can significantly improve the deformability of hatching red blood cells, which may be important for improving hemorheology indicators Mechanism, an important part of the effect of astragalus on human red blood cell membrane may be to protect human red blood cell membrane from free radical attack.

4 Response to stress response

1. 1 Anti-fatigue effect

Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg / kg, 500mg / kg intraperitoneal injection, in normal mice and hydrocortisone-induced "yang deficiency" mice, the swimming time at room temperature can significantly extend the effect, and increase the adrenal weight of mice under stress. Astragalus membranaceus extract significantly increased plasma cortisol content, adrenal weight, and lipid vacuole content in adrenal cortex cells under swimming stress. Cerebral hypoxia caused by carotid artery ligation on both sides has a significant counteracting effect, which can significantly prolong the survival time of mice.

1. 2 Resistant to low temperature and high temperature

Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg / kg, 500mg / kg, intraperitoneal injection can obviously enhance the low temperature resistance of normal mice, starved mice and hydrocortisone-treated mice, and significantly improve the survival time; but there is no obvious high temperature resistance. 5.4.3 Anti-radiation effect Astragalus total flavonoids have a certain protective effect on the immune system damage caused by this radiation. Its mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging effects of total flavonoids of astragalus membranaceus and immune cells from lipid peroxidation. At the same time, total flavonoids of astragalus membranaceus may change the energy metabolism of immune cells and promote lymphocyte division.

5 anti-aging effects long-term use

Astragalus has certain significance for preventing senile arteriosclerosis and improving aging lung function. In vitro culture of human embryo lung diploid fibroblasts survived to passage 52, while cultured cells containing 0.2% astragalus extract survived to passage 77.The changes in organelles during the senescence of the drug group and those of the control group It is basically the same, but its degree of change is light and the rate of change is relatively slow. Especially the Golgi complex of the cells in the drug group is particularly developed. Although the cells are old, they are not very old. Studies have proved that astragalus has a good effect of prolonging life. As an anti-aging and longevity drug, it deserves great attention and development.

6 effects on the urinary system

Intravenous injection of astragalus injection can significantly increase serum albumin, significantly reduce serum cholesterol, and increase blood flow of glomerular capillary filaments in rats with nephropathy, which has a significant effect on reducing scrotal edema and ascites. The diet and mental status of the animals in the administration group are also better than those in the control group. Astragalus can significantly reduce the amount of protein in the urine. Pathological observations have also shown that the astragalus group has reduced disease. Related to improving overall nutritional status. Astragalus can reduce renal lesions in spontaneous lupus mice through immunomodulation.

7 Hepatoprotective effect

Astragalus has the effect of protecting the liver and preventing the decrease of liver glycogen. The two astragaloside ASI and SK can fight liver damage caused by D-galactosamine and acetaminophen. Astragaloside is an effective component of astragalus against liver toxicity, and its mechanism is related to metabolic regulation besides anti-oxidation. Other studies suggest that astragalus has a certain effect on preventing liver fibrosis.

8 effects on the central nervous system

Subcutaneous injection of astragalus in mice can maintain sedation for several hours. Mice drink 30% astragalus decoction for 15 days, which has the effect of strengthening the learning and memory of mice. Experiments show that astragalus is beneficial to the brain of mice in storing information

9 effects on smooth muscle

5% and 10% Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the intestinal tension of rabbits in vivo, slow down the peristalsis and increase the amplitude; it can also inhibit rabbit intestines and uterus in vitro. Astragalus saponins can reduce the ileum tension of guinea pigs in vitro.

10 Hormone-like effects

Astragalus lactone and astragalus sterol in Astragalus extract have no significant effect on the weight of rats, mice, anus levator muscle or kidneys, indicating that there is no assimilating hormone or androgen-like effect.

11 Antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor effects

Astragalus polysaccharide has obvious anti-tuberculosis effect on tuberculosis infection; other components such as amino acids, alkaloids, and flavonoids have been found to have significant anti-follicular stomatitis virus effects. Animal and metastatic cell experiments have shown that Astragalus injection can block the infection process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and virus (EHFV) in suckling mice. Astragalus on Shigella dysenteriae, anthracnose, a-blood streptococcus, blood streptococcus, diphtheria, pseudodiphtheria, pneumococcus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus and subtilis, etc. Has antibacterial effect.

Reference usage and dosage

1.Astragalus polysaccharide soluble powder

Drink water. Poultry medication is 0.05 ~ 0.1 per bird (1kg can be used for 10,000 ~ 20,000 medications); preventive medication is halved, and the treatment dose is 2-6g per head for large animals such as horses and cattle (1kg can be used for 160-500 medications); Each animal in sheep, pigs and other medicines.

2. Astragalus polysaccharide flow extract

Dilute drinking water. The therapeutic dosage is 0.1 ~ 0.2g per bird (1kg can be used for 5000 ~ 10000 animals).

Preventive medication is halved.

3 , Astragalus medicinal powder

Mix feed, treatment dosage, 0.5 ~ 1g for poultry, 5 ~ 15g for sheep and pig, 2 ~ 5g for rabbit, halving preventive medicine.