What Is Betamethasone?

Betamethasone is a kind of medicine. Betamethasone's sugar metabolism and anti-inflammatory effect are stronger than hydrocortisone, which is 15 times that of hydrocortisone, but sodium retention is more than 100 times that of hydrocortisone. In adrenal insufficiency, glucocorticosteroids can be used in alternative treatments. It is also suitable for orthostatic hypotension caused by low renin and low aldosterone syndrome and autonomic neuropathy.

Drug Name: Betamethasone
Whether prescription drugs: prescription

Molecular formula: C22H28FNa2O8P / C22H29O5F
Molecular weight: 392.4641

Betamethasone Pharmaceuticals

Betamethasone name

Common name: Betamethasone for injection

Commodity name: Right

English name: Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate for Injection

Phonetic script: Zhusheyong Beitamisong Linsuanna

Alias: -like pine, Betameth, Betasolon, Celestan, Celestone, Rinderon.

Betamethasone Ingredients

Traits: tablets, injections.

Main ingredient: Betamethasone sodium phosphate

Chemical name: 16-methyl-11, 17, 21-trihydroxy-9 fluoro-progestin-1,4-diene-3,20-dione-21-

Molecular formula: C22H28FNa2O8P / C22H29O5F

Molecular weight: 392.4641, 516.41

The auxiliary materials used are mannitol and water for injection.

Properties: This product is white or almost white loose block or powder.

Specification: 5.26mg (Based on betamethasone sodium phosphate, equivalent to 4mg of betamethasone.)

Dosage: intramuscular or intravenous injection: 2-20mg a day, divided into doses. Immediately before use, dissolve in an appropriate amount of a solvent for sterile injection and use.

Betamethasone Storage

Protected from light and sealed.

Betamethasone Packaging

Packed in vials, 5 or 10 bottles per box.

Betamethasone expiration date

Tentative 24 months

Betamethasone Standard

State Food and Drug Administration Standard YBH13312006

Betamethasone approval number

National Medicine Standard H20060968

Betamethasone pharmacokinetics

Intramuscular betamethasone sodium phosphate peaked at 1 hour. The plasma protein binding rate of this product is lower than other corticosteroids.

Betamethasone Drug Description

Betamethasone indications

Betamethasone is an isomer of dexamethasone, with the same effect and use as dexamethasone acetate, and its sodium and water retention effects and dosage are smaller than the latter. Glucose metabolism and anti-inflammatory effect are stronger than hydrocortisone, which is 15 times that of hydrocortisone, but sodium retention is more than 100 times that of hydrocortisone. In primary hypoadrenal function, it can interact with glucocorticoid Steroids are used together in alternative treatments. It is also suitable for orthostatic hypotension caused by low renin and low aldosterone syndrome and autonomic neuropathy. Because this product is easy to cause edema when taken internally, it is mostly used for topical topical application to treat seborrheic eczema, contact dermatitis, anus, itching of the vagina.

thyroid It is mainly used for allergic and autoimmune inflammatory diseases. It is mostly used for active rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, severe bronchial asthma, severe dermatitis, acute leukemia, etc., and also for the comprehensive treatment of certain infections.

Betamethasone Taboo

Those who are allergic to this product and other steroid hormones are contraindicated. Patients with the following diseases are generally unsuitable for use. Special circumstances should be weighed against pros and cons, but attention should be paid to the possible deterioration of the condition: severe mental illness (past or present) and epilepsy, active peptic ulcer disease, recent gastrointestinal anastomosis, fractures, and trauma repair. Corneal ulcers, adrenal hyperfunction, hypertension, diabetes, pregnant women, infections that cannot be controlled by antibacterials, such as chicken pox, measles, fungal infections, and severe osteoporosis.

Betamethasone adverse reactions

Glucocorticoids have no obvious adverse reactions when applying physiological dose replacement therapy. Adverse reactions mostly occur when applying pharmacological doses, and are closely related to the course of treatment, dose, type of medication, usage, and route of administration. The common adverse reactions are as follows:

(1) Long-term use can cause the following side effects: iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, face and body shape, weight gain, lower limb edema, purple streaks, tendency to bleed easily, poor wound healing, acne, menstrual disorders, humeral or femoral head ischemia Necrosis, osteoporosis and fractures (including vertebral compression fractures, long bone pathological fractures), muscle weakness, muscular atrophy, hypokalemia syndrome, gastrointestinal irritation (nausea, vomiting), pancreatitis, peptic ulcer or perforation , Child growth inhibition, glaucoma, cataracts, benign intracranial pressure syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance and exacerbation of diabetes.

(2) Patients may experience mental symptoms: euphoria, agitation, delirium, restlessness, disorientation, or inhibition. Mental symptoms include those who are prone to suffer from chronic wasting diseases and those who have had mental disorders in the past.

(3) Concurrent infection is the main adverse reaction of adrenocortical hormone. Mainly fungi, tuberculosis, staphylococcus, proteus, aeruginosa and various herpes viruses.

(4) glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome. Sometimes patients have dizziness, fainting tendency, abdominal pain or back pain, low fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, muscle or joint pain, headache, fatigue, weakness after discontinuation of medication. Careful inspection can rule out adrenal insufficiency and the original disease. The re-ignition can be considered as glucocorticoid dependence syndrome.

Betamethasone precautions

(1) Induced infection: Under the action of hormones, the infection that has been controlled can move. The most common one is recurrence of tuberculosis infection. Application of hormones in certain infections can reduce tissue damage, reduce exudation, and reduce symptoms of infection poisoning, but must be treated with effective antibiotics at the same time, closely observe changes in the condition, after short-term medication, it should be quickly reduced and discontinued.

(2) Interference to diagnosis:

Glucocorticoids can increase blood sugar, blood cholesterol and blood fatty acids, blood sodium levels, and decrease blood calcium and potassium.

The effects on the peripheral blood image are decreased lymphocytes, eukaryotic cells, eosinophils, and basophils, and increased multinucleated leukocytes and platelets, which can also decrease.

Long-term high-dose glucocorticoids can cause false negative skin test results, such as tuberculin test, histoplasmin test, and allergic skin test.

It can also reduce the thyroid I ¹³¹ uptake rate, reduce the response of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to TSH release hormone (TRH) stimulation, and make TRH excitation test results false positive. Interfering with the results of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) excitation tests.

Weakens or thins out isotopic brain and bone imaging.

(3) The following conditions should be used with caution: heart disease or acute heart failure, diabetes, diverticulitis, emotional instability and psychotic tendencies, systemic fungal infections, glaucoma, liver damage, herpes simplex, and hyperlipoproteinemia , High blood pressure, hypothyroidism (at this time the effect of glucocorticoids is enhanced), myasthenia gravis, osteoporosis, gastric ulcers, gastritis or esophagitis, renal function damage or stones, tuberculosis, etc.

(4) Follow-up inspection: Those who have been using glucocorticoid for a long time should regularly check the following items:

Blood glucose, glucose, or glucose tolerance tests, especially for people with diabetes or a predisposition to diabetes.

Children should be regularly tested for growth and development.

Ophthalmological examination, pay attention to the occurrence of cataract, glaucoma or eye infection.

Serum electrolytes and fecal occult blood.

Examination of hypertension and osteoporosis, especially in the elderly.

Betamethasone

Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Injection Injectiobe-tamethasoniPhospgatisNatrici: It is a colorless and clear sterilized aqueous solution, pH 8-9, suitable for first aid. For patients with acute adrenal insufficiency, intramuscular or intravenous injection, 10-80mg per day (calculated based on betamethasone, 1.3mg of this product is equivalent to betamethasone lmg), the general initial dose is 4-12mg, intra-articular injection, once 0.2-1ml. Each 1ml contains 4mg of betamethasone.

Silica gel Betamethasone Cement Suspension Injection InjectioBe. tamethasoniAquosuspensa: It is a sterilized suspension, pH 6.8-7.2. Each 5ml contains 15 mg of betamethasone sodium phosphate and 15 mg of betamethasone acetate. Intramuscular injection: 1ml each time, once every 3-7 days. Articular cavity injection: 0.25-2ml each time.

Betamethasone sodium phosphate drops GuttaeBetahletha-soniPhosphatisNatrici: 0.1% solution, used to treat allergic diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, and skin.

Betamethasone treatment medication

Betamethasone medication for women

(1) medication during pregnancy: glucocorticoids can pass through the placenta. Animal experimental studies have confirmed that administration during pregnancy can increase the incidence of embryonic cleft palate, placental insufficiency, spontaneous abortion and intrauterine growth retardation. Human use of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids can increase the incidence of placental insufficiency, neonatal weight loss, or stillbirth.

(2) Medication during lactation: Because glucocorticoids can be excreted from breast milk, it has adverse effects on infants, such as growth inhibition and adrenal function inhibition. Pregnant women and lactating women should avoid using it as much as possible while weighing the pros and cons.

Betamethasone medication for children

Pediatric use of adrenal corticosteroids must be very careful.

Betamethasone medication for the elderly

Elderly patients are prone to hypertension and diabetes with glucocorticoids. The use of glucocorticoids in elderly patients, especially postmenopausal women, is likely to worsen osteoporosis.

Betamethasone drug effects

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics can enhance its ulcer-causing effect.

can enhance the liver toxicity of acetaminophen.

(3) Combined with amphotericin B or carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it can aggravate hypokalemia, and long-term combined with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, prone to hypocalcemia and osteoporosis.

Combination with protein assimilation hormone can increase the incidence of edema and make acne worse.

Long-term combination with anticholinergic drugs (such as atropine) can cause increased intraocular pressure.

Tricyclic antidepressants can aggravate the mental symptoms it causes.

When combined with hypoglycemic agents such as insulin, the dose of hypoglycemic agents should be adjusted appropriately because it can increase blood sugar in patients with diabetes.

Thyroid hormone can increase its metabolic clearance rate, so the dose of the latter should be adjusted appropriately in combination with thyroid hormone or antithyroid drugs.

Combination with contraceptives or estrogen preparations can enhance its therapeutic effect and adverse reactions.

The combination of tincture with cardiac glycoside can increase the toxicity of digitalis and heart rhythm disturbance.

Combined with potassium-releasing diuretics, it can cause severe hypokalemia, and attenuate the sodium-releasing and diuretic effects of diuretics due to water and sodium retention.

The combination of tincture with ephedrine can enhance its metabolic clearance.

Combined with immunosuppressants can increase the risk of infection and may induce lymphoma or other lymphoplastic diseases.

Radon can increase the metabolism and excretion of isoniazid in the liver, reduce the plasma concentration and efficacy of isoniazid.

Can promote the metabolism of mexiletine in the body and reduce blood concentration.

Cooperating with salicylate can reduce the concentration of salicylate in plasma.

combined with growth hormone can inhibit the growth-promoting effect of the latter.

Betamethasone for blood cancer

Leukemia is a malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue, also known as "blood cancer". It is characterized by the unrestricted proliferation of a large number of leukemia cells in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, and enters the peripheral blood, while the production of normal blood cells is significantly inhibited. The disease ranks first among young patients with malignant diseases. Viruses may be the main pathogenic factor, but there are many factors such as radiation, chemical poisons (benzene, etc.) or drugs, genetic qualities, etc. that may be cofactors that cause disease. According to the immature degree of leukemia cells and the natural course of leukemia, it is divided into two categories: acute and chronic.

leukemia It is characterized by malignant and unlimited proliferation of leukemia cells in bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, infiltrating various tissues and organs throughout the body, producing different symptoms; changes in the quantity and quality of peripheral blood cells. The bone marrow can produce tens of billions of new blood cells every day, most of which are red blood cells. And people with leukemia produce more white blood cells than they actually need, and most white blood cells are immature, immature cells, and their survival period is longer than normal. Despite the large number of white blood cells, they are not as resistant to infection as normal white blood cells. This increase in white blood cells in the body will directly affect the function of some important organs and affect the production of normal healthy blood cells. Due to the malignant proliferation of tumor cells, it inhibits the production of hemostasis of red blood cells and platelets, and there is not even enough normal white blood cells to resist infection, and it is easy to be bruised, bleeding, and infected.

The main treatments are the following types of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, target therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. Some high-risk patients require bone marrow transplants. With the development of molecular biology and biogenetics, the etiology and pathology of leukemia have been deepened. At the same time, the prognosis of leukemia has been greatly improved by the discovery of new therapies, new drugs and the use of traditional Chinese medicine. "Leukemia is incurable" is a thing of the past. Regular and systematic treatment can make most patients with leukemia survive long-term disease-free and even recover.

Betamethasone for rheumatism

Rheumatism refers to diseases that mainly invade joints, muscles, bones, and soft tissues around joints, such as tendons, ligaments, bursa, and fascia. In modern medical concepts, rheumatism is an abbreviation for rheumatic diseases, which refers to a large group of diseases that affect bones, muscles and the surrounding soft tissues, such as bursa, tendons, fascia, blood vessels, and nerves. Rheumatic diseases include diffuse connective tissue disease (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, inflammatory myopathy, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, Behcet's disease, etc.), systemic vasculitis, and spinal joint disease ( Such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, Rett Syndrome, etc.), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and other hundreds of diseases involving bones, joints and other connective tissues.

arthritis The international history of rheumatism as an independent scientific research has been over a century old. In 1927, the International Alliance Against Rheumatism was established on five continents. Among the domestic sciences, rheumatology is the youngest clinical discipline. In 1985, the Chinese Rheumatology Medical Association was established. Around this time, dozens of large hospitals in China have established rheumatology and immunology departments. Through the efforts of several generations of rheumatologists, the level of diagnosis and treatment of rheumatism in China has been catching up with the advanced world level. However, the knowledge of rheumatism has not been widely popularized in our country, and misdiagnosis and treatment are still very common. The so-called "ancestral secret recipes", rivers and lakes, and counterfeit medicines have invaded, improperly exaggerating the side effects of western medicine, and a considerable proportion of rheumatism Patients are deeply affected, and the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatism must be guaranteed in large hospitals with rheumatology or rheumatology.

Various rheumatic diseases, especially autoimmune rheumatism, often have systemic multiple system and multiple organ damage, have complex symptoms, and often become intractable due to complex and variable clinical manifestations. The course of rheumatism is a bit slow and prolonged, and some outbreaks are onset. Diagnosis and treatment are quite cumbersome and complicated. If drugs are not used regularly, diagnosis and treatment are often more difficult.

stem cell Patient diagnosis requires not only a detailed medical history and physical examination, but also a variety of antibodies and other tests. Treatment after diagnosis is a long-term process. Most rheumatism is difficult to cure and often requires long-term or even lifelong medication. Although most rheumatism is difficult to cure, it is still treatable. With regular and systematic medication, the vast majority of patients can control the disease, relieve symptoms, and prevent Disability, quality of life and saving lives. If you have rheumatism, without treatment or treatment is not systematic, it often delays the disease, leading to disability and even life-threatening. With the deepening of the research on the pathogenesis of rheumatism, the radical cure methods of rheumatism, such as stem cell transplantation, are in clinical trials. It is reasonable to believe that rheumatism will be curable in the near future.

Betamethasone Pharmacology and Toxicology

Adrenal corticosteroids. It has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy and immune suppression.

(1) Anti-inflammatory effect: glucocorticoids reduce and prevent tissues from responding to inflammation, thereby reducing the manifestation of inflammation.

(2) Immunosuppressive effect: prevent or suppress the immune response mediated by cells, delayed allergic response, and reduce the expansion of the primary immune response.

(3) Anti-toxic and anti-shock effects: Glucocorticoids can counteract the stimulating response of bacterial endotoxin to the body, reduce cell damage, and protect the body.