What Is Human Menopausal Gonadotropin?
Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein secreted by the trophoblast cells of the placenta. It is composed of alpha and beta dimer glycoproteins. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is synthesized by syncytiotrophoblasts.
Human chorionic gonadotropin
- Human chorionic gonadotropin is a type secreted by trophoblast cells of the placenta
- Human chorionic gonadotropin enters maternal blood after fertilization and rapidly increases until the 8th week of pregnancy, then slowly decreases the concentration until 18-20 weeks, and then remains stable. Generally, intact human chorionic gonadotropin levels are elevated to at least 2.5 MoM in order to be associated with Down syndrome. The actual intact human chorionic gonadotropin level in the maternal blood of DS patients was only 1.3 MoM, and DS patients could not be clearly identified. Human chorionic gonadotropin-related molecules used for DS examination include free b-hCG and high glucose hCG (H-hCG).
- Human chorionic gonadotropin-related molecular levels are also related to fetal sex, and human chorionic gonadotropin levels are significantly higher in girls than boys.
- Intact human chorionic gonadotropins are produced by the trophoblast of the placental chorion. Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by trophoblast transitional cells and syncytia cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin begins to secrete 10-14 days after conception. [1]
- The following is a list of normal progesterone and HCG values during pregnancy. Please pay attention to the unity of sisters. In particular, mIU is the same as mU (I in the middle of MIU means 'international'). 1u / ml = 1000mu / ml = 1000mIU / ml
- Progesterone (P)
- Normal value of the old unit of the measurement time sample old new coefficient normal value of the legal unit new old coefficient
- Follicular phase blood 0.2 0.6ng / ml 3.18 0.6 1.9nmol / L 0.3145
- Luteal phase blood 6.5 32.2ng / ml 3.18 20.7 102.4nmol / L 0.3145
- 7 weeks gestational blood 24.5 ± 7.6ng / ml 3.12 76.4 ± 23.7nmol / L 0.32
- 8 weeks gestational blood 28.6 ± 7.9ng / ml 3.12 76.4 ± 23.7nmol / L 0.32
- Follicular blood 24.5 ± 7.6ng / ml 3.12 89.2 ± 24.6nmol / L 0.32
- 9 to 12 weeks gestational blood 38.0 ± 13.0ng / ml 3.12 118.6 ± 40.6nmol / L 0.32
- 13 to 16 weeks gestational blood 45.5 ± 14.0ng / ml 3.12 142.0 ± 43.7nmol / L 0.32
- 17 to 20 weeks gestational blood 63.3 ± 14.0ng / ml 3.12 197.5 ± 43.7nmol / L 0.32
- 21 to 24 weeks gestational blood 110.9 ± 35.7ng / ml 3.12 346.0 ± 111.4nmol / L 0.32
- 25 to 34 weeks gestational blood 165.3 ± 35.7ng / ml 3.12 514.8 ± 111.4nmol / L 0.32
- 35 weeks gestational blood 202.0 ± 47.0ng / ml 3.12 630.2 ± 146.6nmol / L 0.32
- Menopausal blood <1.0ng / ml 3.18 <3.2nmol / L 0.3145
- 13 to 36 weeks of pregnancy, amniotic fluid 55ng / ml 3.12 171.6nmol / L 0.32
- Full-term pregnancy amniotic fluid 26ng / ml 3.12 81.1nmol / L 0.32
- Use a certain amount of HCG antibody to incubate with 125 I-HCG and HCG standards or specimens, so that 125 I-HCG and HCG antibodies can compete for a competitive immune reaction. After the reaction is balanced, the separating part is separated from the free part by a separating agent After centrifugation, the radioactivity counts of the bound portions were measured, and the relative percentages of the respective standard concentrations and the relative percentage binding rate of the samples, Bi / B0%, were calculated. The standard concentration was used as the abscissa and Bi / B0% was used as the ordinate to draw the standard. Curve, and then find the corresponding HCG content from the standard curve according to the percentage of specimen binding.
- The absolute value of serum HCG varies greatly during different periods of pregnancy and between pregnant women. Generally, the blood HCG of non-pregnant women is less than 100mIU / mL. The serum HCG levels during pregnancy are shown in the table below.
- In the first 3 months of pregnancy, HCG levels approximately doubled every (2.2 ± 0.5) days. Urine HCG (semi-quantitative HCG) for non-pregnant women L, 40 days of pregnancy> 5000 mIU / mL, 60 to 70 days of pregnancy> (8 ~ 32) × 104 mIU / mL (the highest urine HCG level in the morning, close to the serum level).
- Table serum HCG levels during pregnancy (counting from implantation time)
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- The examination of HCG is of great significance for the diagnosis of early pregnancy, and it is of certain value for the diagnosis, differentiation and course observation of diseases related to pregnancy and trophoblastic tumors.
- 1. Diagnosis of early pregnancy: HCG can rise to more than 2500 mIU / mL 35 to 50 days after pregnancy. 60 to 70 days can reach 80,000 mIU / mL, urine HCG in multiple pregnancy is often higher than in one pregnancy.
- 2. Judgment of abnormal pregnancy and placental function:
- Ectopic pregnancy: In the case of ectopic pregnancy, the test only has a positive rate of 60%. After 3 days of uterine bleeding, HCG can still be positive, so the HCG test can be used to distinguish it from other acute abdominal diseases. HCG is usually 312 to 625 mIU / mL.
- Abortion diagnosis and treatment: Incomplete abortion, such as placental tissue remains in the uterus, HCG test can still be positive; HCG from negative to negative when complete abortion or stillbirth, so it can be used as a reference for pregnancy or suction suction treatment.
- Threatened abortion: If HCG in urine is still maintained at a high level, abortion will not inevitably occur. If HCG is below 2500 mIU / mL and gradually declines, there may be a possibility of abortion or stillbirth. When it drops to 600 mIU / mL, it is unavoidable. In the pregnancy-prevention treatment, if HCG continues to decline, it indicates that the pregnancy-prevention is ineffective. If HCG rises continuously, it indicates that the pregnancy-prevention is successful.
- Serum HCG should be less than 1000 mIU / mL at 4 days after birth or 13 days after induced abortion. Serum HCG should return to normal at 9 days after delivery or 25 days after induced abortion. If this is not the case, then the possibility of abnormality should be considered.
- 3 Trophoblast tumor diagnosis and treatment monitoring
- Hydatidiform mole, malignant hydatidiform mole, chorionic epithelial cancer and testicular teratoma patients have significantly increased HCG in the urine, which can reach 100,000 to millions of mIU / L on the right, which can be diagnosed by dilution tests such as before 12 weeks of pregnancy1: 500-diluted urine is positive, and 1: 250-diluted urine is positive after 12 weeks of pregnancy, which is valuable for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. 1: 100 to 1: 500 diluted urine is also positive for choriocarcinoma, such as male urine HCG increased, we must consider testicular tumors such as seminoma, abnormalities and ectopic HCG tumors.
- Patients with trophoblastic tumors should have a urine HCG of <50 mIU / mL after 3 weeks and be negative for 8 to 12 weeks; if HCG does not decrease or does not turn negative, it may indicate residual lesions, and these cases often relapse, so Need to check regularly.
- 4 Other menopause, ovulation, and bilateral ovariectomy can cause increased luteinizing hormone. The LH and HCG peptide chain composition is the same, which makes the pregnancy test with anti-HCG antibody positive. Spot enzyme immunoassay identification. HCG can also be increased in endocrine diseases such as pituitary disease, hyperthyroidism, and gynecological diseases such as ovarian cysts and uterine cancer.
- Blood HCG test is currently the earliest and most accurate test to determine whether pregnancy. Blood HCG test is generally 8-10 days after sexual life can be checked by blood HCG to determine whether there is pregnancy. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) is a glycoprotein secreted by the trophoblast cells of the placenta and consists of two subunits, a- and b-. After fertilization, hCG enters the mother's blood and rapidly proliferates until the 8th week of pregnancy, then slowly decreases the concentration until the 18-20th week, and then remains stable. The blood HCG test is a quantitative test of HCG in the blood to find out if you are pregnant.