What Is Liothyronine Sodium?

Sodium thiosulfate, also known as soda, hypotherm (derived from its alias sodium hyposulfite). It is a common thiosulfate, colorless and transparent monoclinic crystal. Sodium thiosulfate is easily soluble in water and reacts with strong acids to produce sulfur elemental and sulfur dioxide gas ^[1] . Sodium thiosulfate is the antidote for cyanide. It is colorless, transparent crystal or crystalline fine particles; odorless, salty taste; weathering in dry air, deliquescent in wet air; slightly weak alkaline reaction in aqueous solution. With the participation of thiocyanase, it can be combined with cyanide ions that are free in the body or bound to methemoglobin to form a non-toxic thiocyanate that is excreted from the urine and cyanide poisoning. In addition, it can combine with a variety of metal ions to form non-toxic sulfide to be excreted from the urine, and also has a desensitizing effect. It is clinically used for the treatment of cyanide and nitrile poisoning, arsenic, bismuth, iodine, mercury, lead and other poisoning treatments, as well as the treatment of skin pruritus, chronic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, drug eruption, scabies, ringworm, etc. ^[2] .

It is mainly used as a fixer in the photography industry. Secondly, it is used as a reducing agent for dichromate for tanning leather, a neutralizer for nitrogen-containing tail gas, a mordant, a bleach for straw and wool, and a dechlorinating agent for pulp bleaching. Also used in the production of tetraethyl lead, dye intermediates, etc.

[Source content]

This product is calculated based on the dry product, and the content of Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ should not be less than 99.0%.

[Character]

This product is colorless, transparent crystal or crystalline fine particles; odorless, salty; weathering in dry air, deliquescent in wet air; slightly weak alkaline reaction in aqueous solution.

This product is very soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.

[Identification] (1) Take about 0.1g of this product, add 1ml of water to dissolve it, add hydrochloric acid, it will precipitate a white precipitate, it will turn yellow immediately, and the irritating odor of sulfur dioxide will occur. (2) Take about 0.1g of this product, add 1ml of water to dissolve it, add ferric chloride test solution, it will become dark purple and disappear immediately. (3) Identification of sodium salt in aqueous solution (Appendix III).

[Inspection] Take 1.0g of this product, dissolve it by adding 10ml of water, and measure it according to law (Appendix VI H). The pH value should be 6.0 8.4. Sulfate and sulfite: Take 0.50g of this product, place it in a 50ml measuring flask, add water to dissolve and dilute to the mark, and accurately measure 10ml, add iodine titration solution (0.05mol / L) dropwise until the solution is light yellow, add 20% 0.5ml of hydrochloric acid solution, add 1 drop of sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0.1mol / L) to make the solution yellow, dilute to 25ml with water, check according to law (Appendix B), and make with 2.0ml of standard potassium sulfate solution The control solution must not be deeper (0.2%). Take 2.5g of sulfide, add 20ml of water to dissolve, add lead acetate solution [take 5g of lead acetate [(CH ₃ COO) 2Pb3H ₂ O] and 15g of sodium hydroxide, add 80ml of water to dissolve, and dilute to 100ml with water] 0.3ml, Shake well and let stand for 2 minutes. Compared with the control solution made of 2.5ml of standard sodium sulfide solution, it must not be deeper (0.0005%). Take this product for weight loss on drying, first raise the temperature to 105 and dry to constant weight at 40 50 , and the weight loss should be 32.0% 37.0% (Appendix L). Take 0.50g of calcium salt, add 10ml of water to dissolve, add ammonium oxalate test solution. No turbidity should occur. Take 1.0g of this product, add 10ml of water to dissolve it, slowly add 5ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate to dry in a water bath, add 15ml of water to the residue, slowly boil for 10 minutes, filter, wash the filter with an appropriate amount of water, combine the washing solution and the filtrate Boil, add hot bromine test solution to make clear solution, add a little excess bromine test solution to make the solution slightly yellow, boil, remove excess bromine, let cool, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution and ammonia test solution Appropriate until the solution becomes light red, add 2ml of acetate buffer solution (pH3.5) and water to 25ml, check according to law (Appendix H first method), containing no more than 20 parts per million of heavy metals. Take 0.20g of arsenic salt, add 5ml of water to dissolve, add 3ml of nitric acid, place in a water bath, pay attention to evaporation, add a few milliliters of water to the residue, stir well, filter, wash the residue with water, combine the filtrate and washing solution, and evaporate to dryness Then, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid and 23ml of water to dissolve, check according to law (Appendix J first method), should meet the requirements (0.001%).

[Content determination] Take about 0.5g of this product, weigh it accurately, add 30ml of water to dissolve, add 2ml of starch indicator solution, and titrate with iodine titration solution (0.05mol / L) until the solution shows a continuous blue color. 1 ml of iodine titration solution (0.05mol / L) is equivalent to 15. 81mg of Na ₂ S ₂ O _{3 ^[3]}

Drug Name

Common name: sodium thiosulfate injection

English name: Sodium Thiosulfate Injection

Phonetic script (Hanyu Pinyin): Liudiliusunn Zhusheye

The main ingredients and chemical name of this product are: sodium thiosulfate.

Molecular formula: Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ · 5H ₂ O

Molecular weight: 248.19

[Character]

This product is a clear, colorless liquid.

[Pharmacology and Toxicology]

The sulfur provided by this product combines sulfur with CN free in the body or CN that has been bound to methemoglobin through the sulfur transferase in the body, so that it becomes a less toxic thiocyanate, which is detoxified with urine excretion.

Pharmacokinetics

This product is not easily absorbed by the digestive tract. Intravenous injection was quickly distributed to the extracellular fluid of each tissue, T1 / 2 was 15-20 minutes, and then excreted by urine.

[Indications]

Mainly used for cyanide poisoning, but also for arsenic, mercury, lead, bismuth, iodine and other poisoning.

Dosage

Adults often use cyanide poisoning, and slow intravenous injection of 12.5 to 25g. If necessary, repeat half or full after 1 hour. Gastric lavage: Those who are orally poisoned should use the 5% solution of this product for gastric lavage, and keep an appropriate amount of this product in the stomach.

Adverse reactions

Except for temporary changes in osmotic pressure after intravenous injection of this product, no other adverse reactions have been seen.

[Taboo]

Precautions

1. The volume of the vein once is relatively large, and a general intravenous injection should be injected.

2. This product and sodium nitrite have different detoxification mechanisms to treat cyanide poisoning. They should be injected intravenously, and they cannot be mixed and injected at the same time. Following the intravenous injection of sodium nitrite, this product is injected from the original needle immediately.

[Medication for pregnant and lactating women]

[Child medication]

Intravenous injection: 250 500mg / kg each time, once a day.

[Medication for elderly patients]

medicine interactions

[Drug overdose]

Overdose can cause dizziness, nausea, and fatigue.

specification

(1) 10ml: 0.5g (2) 20ml: 1g

Storage

Airtight ^[8]