What Is Mesembrine?

Meningeal melanoma is relatively rare and most are malignant tumors. It grows rapidly, the clinical course progresses rapidly, the degree of malignancy is high, and the prognosis is poor. Tumors are rich in blood flow, easily invade blood vessels and cause intratumoral bleeding and extensive hematogenous spread and metastasis. Patients with primary meningeal melanoma are generally young, mainly young and young, while secondary meningeal melanoma can occur at any age.

Meningeal melanoma

Meningeal melanoma is relatively rare and most are malignant tumors. It grows rapidly, the clinical course progresses rapidly, the degree of malignancy is high, and the prognosis is poor. Tumors are rich in blood flow, easily invade blood vessels and cause intratumoral bleeding and extensive hematogenous spread and metastasis. Patients with primary meningeal melanoma are generally young, mainly young and young, while secondary meningeal melanoma can occur at any age.

Chinese name

Meningeal melanoma

Belong to

Mostly malignant tumors

Features

Faster growth and rapid progression of clinical course

Features

Rich blood flow, easy to invade blood vessels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging features of meningeal melanoma. Methods The clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics and lumbar puncture examination results of 5 meningeal melanoma patients with pathological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.

Results The clinical manifestations of 5 patients were increased intracranial pressure, meningeal irritation, cerebral nerve damage and spinal nerve root pain. One case had retinal elevation above the visual nipple in the left eye with pigmentation, 4 cases had congenital pigmented moles on the skin, and 2 cases were congenital giant pigmented moles. The lumbar puncture pressure in 5 cases were 180mmH2O (1mmH2O = 0.0098kPa), 3 cases were bloody or light yellow cerebrospinal fluid, 4 cases had increased protein, and 3 cases had decreased glucose. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed abnormal enhancement of the pia mater. Pathological examination: 3 cases of malignant melanoma cells were seen through the lumbar puncture; 1 case of axillary lymph node biopsy showed malignant melanoma infiltration; 1 case of autopsy showed diffuse melanoma infiltration at the basement of the brain and subarachnoid space. Two cases were diagnosed with metastatic meningeal melanoma, and 3 cases were probably with primary meningeal melanoma.

It can be concluded that meningeal melanoma is clinically manifested as meningeal and nerve root involvement, often with skin melanoma, lumbar puncture examination often indicates subarachnoid hemorrhage, and lumbar puncture examination of cerebrospinal fluid found melanoma cells can confirm the diagnosis .

The course of melanoma patients is very short, about 70% within 4 months, and some can reach more than 1 year. Depending on the location, shape, size, and number of tumors, their clinical manifestations are also different.

1, increased intracranial pressure symptoms headache is intracranial

(I) Causes of Onset

Malignant melanoma on the body surface occurs in the skin, mucous membranes, retina, etc., and metastases into the skull to become secondary intracranial melanoma. Primary intracranial melanoma also exists, but it is rare.

(Two) pathogenesis

Intracranial melanoma cells are mostly found in the bottom of the brain and in the grooves of the cerebral cortex. Primary intracranial melanoma originates from pia mater melanin vesicles or arachnoid melanocytes, spreads through the meninges and spreads into the brain parenchyma, and takes the form of direct implantation or bloody metastasis. Intracerebral tumors are often multiple and widely distributed in the meninges, arachnoids, cerebral cortex and subcortex. Intracranial metastatic melanoma is distributed with blood flow. Mainly in the brain lesions, meningeal metastases can also occur at the same time. Severe intracranial melanoma can affect all central nervous systems. Highly malignant people can even invade skull and spinal cord tissues. Tumor tissue can also infiltrate and erode the blood vessels on the brain surface causing extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Histopathological examination alone is difficult to determine whether intracranial melanoma is primary or secondary. Because the two are basically the same in tissue morphology. Tumors are gray-black, and vary in shape depending on the tumor site. Tumors in the brain are often nodular, with clear boundaries, and tumors in the meninges or near cortex appear diffuse or carpet-like. If the surrounding skull base often surrounds the peripheral cerebral nerves, causing multiple cerebral nerve damage, those who invade the spinal cord are often accompanied by the symptoms of the corresponding spinal nerve roots. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor cells were fusiform or polygonal, and the nucleus was round or oval, often covered by pigments or squeezed to one side, and rarely had mitosis. There are granular or massive melanin in the cytoplasm. The tumor cells are not arranged in a certain way. They accumulate in the subarachnoid space, or extend outward along the blood vessels. Intracranial melanoma is difficult to distinguish from melanoma type meningioma in terms of histogenesis, morphology, and biological behavior.