What Is Pepper Nasal Spray?

Pepper spray is a type of self-defense sprayer. At present, the size of lipstick is common in the market. It is almost spray type (the spray is divided into spray type and spray type).

Pepper spray

Pepper spray is a type of self-defense sprayer. At present, the size of lipstick is common in the market. It is almost spray type (the spray is divided into spray type and spray type).

The raw material of pepper spray is a highly irritating liquid such as hot pepper water, which makes the gangsters temporarily lose their eyesight, they ca nt open their eyes at all, the upper respiratory tract is coughing, the whole body is uncomfortable, the gangsters lose the ability to resist, and recover in half an hour normal.

Chinese name

Pepper spray

Features

Irritating

Use

security

Fatal

no

It is usually a tool for girls to defend themselves. When you are experiencing perverts or the like, you can take out the pepper spray and spray it on the other person's face, preferably on your eyes. The other party will be invisible because of the strong stimulation. At this point, you can run away. The name "anti-wolf spray" was originally derived this way, and was used to prevent perverts. However, it can also be used for self-defense in other dangerous situations.

Made of capsaicin extracted from irritating plant solutions such as mustard and pepper, so when the demonstrators are sprayed with pepper spray, they cannot be washed with water, otherwise the water will help the solution to hydrolyze and enhance the stimulation of the face; and if pepper Spraying into the eye is also more likely to cause permanent damage to the cornea. At present, synthetic pepper sprays are available on the market. In addition to being less potent, they can also be washed with water.

Buying anti-wolf pepper spray and buying other things are the same. When you walk into an anti-wolf pepper spray specialty store, you often find that there are at least 30 different brands with different specifications and different names. Ladies usually buy the most beautifully tinned one, or pick the name they like. In fact, you should pay attention to its practicality when buying anti-wolf spray. Anti-wolf sprays should contain at least 15% "active ingredients" and have a Scoville index of at least 2,000,000. "Scoville Spicy" will make your eyes swell and make your face feel burning. When using the anti-wolf spray, you actually want to make sure that it sends a "Don't harass me!" Message while giving you enough time to leave the scene. There are a variety of anti-wolf sprays. Some sprays spray a slender water column like a water gun, some spray a mist at a short distance, and even produce a foam like a toothpaste at a close distance. For the average person, the best option is probably the fog type, because it does not require you to ensure a hit in an emergency. ^[1]

The main target of OC spray is the face of a person. The attacked person will feel its effect after 1 to 5 seconds of contact, and the action time usually lasts 30 to 60 minutes.

The burn-type warfare agent will almost instantly burn the bare skin, and at the same time, the eyes of the infected person will feel burning, swelling and tears. The nose and oral mucosa can also feel burns. Throats can also feel thirsty, burning, and tight. If the respiratory organs feel burning, they can cause swelling of the mucous membranes and only short, shallow breaths. Tear-contaminated personnel may also feel weak, dysfunctional, trembling, and losing balance.

When people are contaminated, their eyes close unconsciously due to pain. Invisible things and suffocation will panic them and lose direction. The pain and discomfort caused by the propellant prevented the gangsters from any further resistance, and they were arrested.

Because the confusion caused by the propellant can also affect the suspect's ability to respond to instructions, when using OC propellants, police officers should be fully aware that criminals may not be able to obey orders because of tear agents, and not intentionally refuse arrest. .

These effects caused by OC propellant are of great help to police missions. But even so, when police officers approach criminals contaminated with OC spray, they must still be very careful and make the correct judgment based on the specific situation of the target.

In the past, pepper spray was made of capsaicin extracted from irritating plant solutions such as mustard and pepper. Therefore, when the protesters were sprayed with pepper spray, they cannot be washed with water, otherwise the water will help the solution to hydrolyze and strengthen the stimulation of the face. ; And if pepper spray into the eye, it is more likely to cause permanent damage to the cornea. At present, synthetic pepper sprays are available on the market. In addition to being less potent, they can also be washed with water.

OC spray is flammable due to the carrier. When using it, be careful to keep a distance from the fire source.

OC with CN and CS

Unlike CN and CS, OC is not easily volatile and can only be effective if it is in direct contact with human skin, mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth). If it gets on the skin, a burning sensation will immediately appear; if you touch it with your eyes, it will cause burning, tearing, swelling, and temporary loss of vision; inhaling it through the nose and mouth will cause the inner mucosa of the respiratory tract to swell, causing a cough and making people Shortness of breath. When the liquid is sprayed on the human face, it strongly stimulates the human peripheral sensory system, causing severe pain in the face, tears, and involuntary closing of eyes, loss of resistance, and it has an excellent uniform effect on alcoholics, drug abusers, and troublemakers.

Traditional chemicals, such as CN and CS, can cause stinging eyes, tears, and breathlessness, but the police should be aware that they do not cause the burning pain and swelling of the mucosa similar to OC tear agents.

Criminals will have a rapid and violent physiological response immediately after being attacked by OC spray, which shows that it has the same effect on people with strong tolerance. In contrast, CN and CS have no effect on people who are intoxicated by alcohol and DU products or people with mental illness. These people can still open their eyes and resist after being exposed to CN and CS tear-repellent agents. Besides OC can produce Or CS has the same physiological response, the pain caused by it is unbearable. It can be seen that the OC spray can play a dual role, not only causing pain to people, but also succumbing to physiological reactions and being unable to resist.

Because the OC spray is a pure natural substance (unless additional ingredients are added), the residue after use can be naturally decomposed, and it is not as difficult to remove as the residue of CN and CS, and it will not cause pollution to the environment, nor will it Will adhere to clothing and objects.

2.CN Tear Agent

The pure CN tear agent is colorless crystal, similar in shape to granular salt or sugar, and has the fragrance of apple blossom. It can be launched into a container or sprayed in the air as a powder. It is reported that this tear agent can cause not only skin rashes, burns and other skin diseases, but also a potential carcinogen.

CN Tear Agents make people cry constantly by stimulating the lacrimal glands above and to the side of the eyes, making it difficult to open their eyes, and stimulating the nose to runny; it also worsens the wounds of bare wounds on the skin; once people inhale this tear agent It will continue to cough violently, making it difficult to control yourself. These reactions occur within 1 to 3 seconds after a person comes into contact with a CN tear-repellent and lasts approximately 30 to 45 minutes.

The highly refined CN suspension is also called Mace tear-repellent. It is compressed into a tank and used. Its effective speed, effect, duration of action, toxicity and potential carcinogenicity are similar to CN-tear-repellent.

The chemical name of CN is -chloroacetophenone (English: Phenacyl chloride) is an organic compound with molecular formula C8H7OCl, which is a derivative of acetophenone. It was studied as a military gas in the First and Second World Wars, but it was not put into use in the end.

Like CS, CN works by strongly stimulating the mucous membranes (including the oral cavity, nasal cavity, bronchi, conjunctiva, etc.); sometimes it can also cause the poisoned person to faint and lose their sense of direction and balance. It can also cause long-term allergic and contact dermatitis, but it is rare. High concentrations of CN poison gas can damage the corneal epithelium and cause bulbar and conjunctival edema. It has also led to multiple deaths from suffocation due to lung damage.

CN and CS have two outstanding performances in riot control, but there has been controversy over who is better and who is safer.

The effect of CN is not as significant as CS, and the sustained effect is not longer than CS, but the police department has been using CN tear agents for 50 years, and it has been proven to be effective in many cases.

There have been many research reports involving CN and CS toxicity safety issues. In recent years, there have been many methods to study the medium lethal dose (LCT50). These methods mainly address the effective range of chemical warfare agents when used in narrow areas, the number of devices used, and the number of times people are exposed to tear agents. It does not involve the problems that CN and CS face when using in open areas, such as the situation where the crowd can quickly escape from the area where the tear agent is spread when the open area is exposed.

Another problem with using CS in buildings is the problem of pollution. It is difficult to remove the environmental pollution caused by CS tear agent, especially in the place full of furniture or facilities. All items and facilities in the tear contamination area must be destroyed.

3.CS

CS tear agent is a chemical tear agent that irritates human eyes, respiratory tract and skin. Its main target is human eyes and skin. The effect is stronger than CN, but the effect is slower. The time from contact with CS tear-repellent to the appearance of reaction is about 3 to 7 seconds, and the duration of action is the same as CN.

CS tear agent is a white crystalline powder with a state similar to talcum powder. It is made of solid particles. It must be put into a container and fired or sprayed in the air as a powder. According to reports, although CS tear agents are not as toxic as CN tear agents, when animals are tested in the laboratory, animals not only develop allergies, but also suffer from skin diseases and even death.

Once released, this tear-producing agent will produce a spicy and peppery smell, which will cause people to continuously runny nose, which makes it difficult to open the eyes due to tingling, and will cause skin burns. The inhalation of CS tear agents by the personnel can cause chest tightness, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. These physiological reactions can cause confusion and disorientation of the brain.

It is worth noting that this type of tear agent produces the best results in humid climates or on wet skin, and that people who come into contact with CS tear agents can overcome the pain caused by these reactions. In addition, CS tearing agents have good storage stability under hot weather conditions.

CS tear gas is a type of chemical weapon. It is widely used in military and police crackdowns and to disperse demonstrations.

The CS here is a transliteration of the US military code. It is called CS because it was first synthesized by American Ben Corson and Roger Stoughton in 1928. CS The scientific name is 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile. Chemical formula: C10H5ClN2.

Until 1956, the British chemical weapons laboratory Chemical Defense Experimental Establishmen developed into a riot control agent (suppression agent) CS. The first use was in Britain to suppress large-scale riots in Cyprus. In 1960, CS was officially adopted by the United States Army and used in suppressing riots.

The chemical name of CS is o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile. The pure product is white flaky crystals with a boiling point of 310-315 ° C. The melting point is 93-95 ° C, and the volatility is very small. It is peppery, hardly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, easily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, and acetone. It is not easy to hydrolyze. It can be accelerated by heating or adding alkali. It can be used by potassium permanganate and hypochlorite. When the oxidant is oxidized, the product is non-toxic and no longer has a stimulating effect.

Poisonous fumes can be caused by thermal dispersion, and the ground and air can be poisoned with explosives or dusters. It can irritate eyes, respiratory tract and skin, and has strong sneezing and tearing effects. The aerosol's stimulation threshold to human eyes is 0.0025mg / m3, and the minimum stimulation concentration is 0.1 to 1.0mg / m3. Skin contact has burning sensation, pain, and blisters and ulcers in severe cases. Field conditions generally do not cause fatal injuries.

Aerosol CS has a strong irritating effect on the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Symptoms such as burning and a lot of tears and runny nose will appear after poisoning. Symptoms will disappear after 5 to 15 minutes of disengagement, but stings will occur where the skin comes in contact. The effects of pain and erythema can be maintained for several hours.

Toxicology proves that animals that have died from exposure to CS show an increase in the number of goblet cells, respiratory and conjunctiva (eye mucosa, eyelids and part of the covering eyeball), respiratory and digestive tract necrosis (cell death), pulmonary edema (lung full Fluid), and adrenal bleeding.

4. Mixed Tear Agent

This tear agent is mixed with CN, CS or OC tear agents, and can act as an irritant or a tear agent and a burn tear agent. The effect, scope of action, speed of action and duration of action of this mixture are similar to several other chemical agents. The effect of the chemical agent itself will not be enhanced by mixing together, the role of the mixed chemical agent comes from the dual reaction it produces. For example, when using a CN / OC mixture, it is not necessary to achieve the accuracy required for the OC propellant alone, and the criminal's facial features will also have various reactions caused by OC while being attacked by CN.

Some mixtures have other chemicals added to their ingredients, such as UV-labeled dyes. If the sprayed criminal escaped the scene and went to the hospital for medical treatment, the medical staff could immediately identify the criminal.

When using mixed tear agents, law enforcement agencies should also consider its strong efficacy, indirect pollution, removal of pollution, toxicity, carcinogenicity, and possible harm to users, etc.

It is legal to carry pepper anti-wolf spray on the keychain unless you buy it with a police logo on it because it is for police use and not for civilian use. In addition, the law does not stipulate that age control is not allowed.