Who is Schubert?
Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer born in Vienna in 1797 and died there in 1828. Like Beethoven, who was born 27 years ago, but died only a year earlier, he lived between the classical and romantic era. Schubert grew up in a music family. He played viola in a family string quartet and his father and older brother taught him music.
After studying the organ with a parish church organist, Schubert won a scholarship and the opportunity to continue his studies, especially Antonio Salieri, a well -known opponent of Mozart. At the same time, he trained as a teacher and joined his father, also a teacher, and became an assistant at the school his father founded.
His first pieces were in various genres: piano duet, foreplay, chamber music, three string quartets and operetta, which was left unfinished and song. Between 1813 and 1815 its productivity grew and wrote five string quartets, three masses, three symphonies, its first opera, but mostly wrote songs. During this periodHe first created a poem from Goethe to music: "Gretchen am spinnrade" ("Gretchen on a rotating wheel"). It is in this period that his work is attributed to the creation of the foundations of the musical genre known as the German Lied or the artistic song.
He received a break from teaching for a few years and at this time he was introduced to Johann Michael Vogl, whose portrayal of Schubert's songs became extremely popular, but still had to return to the teaching to support until 1818.
In 1819 he set his first widely known piano work, piano sonata in the main and trout quintet and a number of songs. Vogl sponsored and played in the production of Schubert's Opera Die Zwillingsbrüder (The Twin Brothers) in 1820, followed by other works. However, Schubert could not find the publisher for his work.
In 1821 it changed this: the plan of his friends to publish one of his works subscription was successful, andThis was the start of his career in the press. The parties for him named - Schubertiaden - which were presented by his songs and dance music, became popular. His interest, however, was to become known in the opera, and in 1821 and 1822 he left several works unfinished when he watched this goal. His unfinished symphony comes from this time, as well as his contraction of venereal disease.
In 1823 he wrote the piano sonata in a minor and the same year and the cycle of songs "Die Schöne Müllerin" ("Fair Maid of Mill"). But his opera Fierrabras was rejected for production. In 1824, he found him living in poverty and bad health with a lot of song performances, but still overlooked with his operas. The publishing of his works turned to his financial situation.
But after failing to replace Salieri as Kapellmeister in his attempt, when Salieri retired, Schubert gave up both to establish and promote his operas, even though his competition continued. It was on konci of his life that he composed his great symphony in C, Winterreise and String Quintet in C Major. Schubert introduced his only public concert in March 1828 and died of typhoid in November.