What Are the Facial Bones?

The sacrum, one of the facial skulls, is located in front of the middle of the face and below the outer orbit of the eye. There are four protrusions of the sacrum, namely the frontal sphenoid process, the jaw process, the temporal process, and the orbital process. The temporal process of the sacrum follows the condyle of the temporal bone and forms the zygomatic arch.

The sacrum, one of the facial skulls, is located in front of the middle of the face and below the outer orbit of the eye. There are four protrusions of the sacrum, namely the frontal sphenoid process, the jaw process, the temporal process, and the orbital process. The temporal process of the sacrum follows the condyle of the temporal bone and forms the zygomatic arch.

Chinese name

Sacrum

Foreign name

Cheekbones

lie in

Located in front of the middle of the face, outside the orbit

Shape

diamond

Definition

Is an important part of the human face

Pronunciation

quán g

Function

Important bony support in the middle of the face

Zhuyin

Patella anatomy:

1. Bow

The zygomatic arch is located on both sides of the craniofacial bone and has an outward bow shape. The upper edge is sharper and easier to reach. There are four protrusions of the sacrum, namely the frontal sphenoid process, the jaw process, the temporal process, and the orbital process. It affects facial beauty primarily through relationships with the nose, temporal, and cheeks.

2. Patella:

The sacrum and sacral arch are important bony supports in the middle of the face, and are an important part of the facial contour of the human body. There are three main physiological functions. One is protection. These two structures are located at the most prominent parts on both sides of the face. When the external force strikes the face from the side, it plays a protective role on the maxillary sinus and temporal muscle, and then on the outer wall of the skull. The second function is to form the contours of the two sides of the middle of the face. The difference in size and shape greatly affects the contours and appearance of the face, so changing its shape and convexity can obviously change the shape of the face. The third function is to separate the deep temporal muscle from the superficial skin. When we eat, we can notice that the temporal parts on both sides are moving, but we don't notice that the skin at the two zygomatic arches is moving. In fact, the temporal muscles travel under the zygomatic arch. When the palatal arch is lost due to various reasons, you will notice that the skin in front of the external auditory meatus is driven by its deep temporal muscles while eating.

Fracture of the sacrum:

The sacrum and sacral arch are relatively prominent parts of the face, which are prone to fracture due to impact. The sacrum is related to the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones. Among them, the maxillary surface is the largest. Therefore, sacrum fractures are often accompanied by maxilla fractures. The temporal process of the patella and the condyle of the temporal bone connect to form the zygomatic arch, which is thinner and narrower and more prone to fracture. It is mainly caused by external violence. Because the sacrum and sacrum are prominent parts of the face, it is easy to cause fractures due to violence such as collision and trauma.
Fractures of the patella and zygomatic arch can be clearly diagnosed based on the history of injury, clinical features, and X-ray examination. Palpation fractures may have tenderness, collapse and displacement, and there may be steps formed at the zygomatic frontal suture, the zygomatic maxillary suture junction, and the infraorbital margin. If palpation is made from inside the mouth along the vestibular sulcus and upwards and backwards, you can check whether the gap between the sacrum, maxilla, and coracoid process has become smaller. These all help to diagnose the patella fracture. X-ray examination often takes the nasal condyle and zygomatic arch. In the nasal condyle X-ray, not only fractures of the sacrum and sacral arch can be seen, but also the orbit, maxillary sinus and suborbital foramen can be observed for abnormalities. The zygomatic arch position can clearly show the zygomatic arch fracture and displacement.
Fractures of the patella and zygomatic arch can be clearly diagnosed based on the clinical characteristics of the injury history and X-ray examination:
Palpation of the fracture may include tenderness, collapse, displacement, frontal suture, maxillary suture junction, and inferior orbital margin. Steps may be formed. Whether the gaps become smaller all contribute to the diagnosis of patella fractures. X-ray examination often takes the nasal condyle and the sacral arch in the nasal condyle. X-rays not only show the fracture of the sacrum and the sacral arch, but also observe the orbital maxillary sinus and suborbital foramen. The bow position can clearly show the zygomatic arch fracture and displacement.

Generally it can be divided into zygomatic fractures, zygomatic arch fractures, zygomatic and zygomatic arch fractures, and zygomatic maxillary complex fractures, and zygomatic arch fractures can be divided into double-line and triple-line fractures.