What is a Superficial Vein?
Also called subcutaneous vein, is a general term for veins located in the subcutaneous tissue. It is an important part of the small and medium veins. It mainly collects the superficial blood of the skin and mucous membranes, flows into the deep large veins, and returns blood. It is prone to damage and bleeding due to the superficial location. Because of the superficial and sufficient exposure, blood collection, transfusion or infusion are mostly performed from superficial veins.
- Chinese name
- Superficial vein
- Foreign name
- superficial vein
- nickname
- Subcutaneous vein
- Clinical significance
- Used for injection, infusion, blood transfusion, blood collection, etc.
- Department
- Subcutaneous, superficial location
- Also called subcutaneous vein, is a general term for veins located in the subcutaneous tissue. It is an important part of the small and medium veins. It mainly collects the superficial blood of the skin and mucous membranes, flows into the deep large veins, and returns blood. It is prone to damage and bleeding due to the superficial location. Because of the superficial and sufficient exposure, blood collection, transfusion or infusion are mostly performed from superficial veins.
Anatomy of the superficial vein:
- Small veins: Capillaries gradually become veins, and initially only a thin layer of connective tissue is added around the endothelium. When the tube diameter reaches 50 m, sparsely arranged smooth muscles appear between the endothelium and connective tissue. When the tube diameter is larger, the smooth muscle becomes a complete layer, and those with a tube diameter of less than 500 m are microvenous. A vein with a diameter of 0.2 to 1 mm is called a small vein. The inner membrane of the small vein has only the endothelium, the middle membrane has 2 to 4 layers of smooth muscles, a few elastic fibers and collagen fibers, and the outer membrane is thin and consists of connective tissue.
- Middle vein: The diameter of the blood vessel is 1-10mm, and the thickness of the tube wall is about 1/10 of the diameter. Except for the venous trunk, anatomical splanchnic veins and distal veins of the extremities fall into this category. The intima is thin, the endothelial cells are polygonal, and the subendothelial layer is thin or inconspicuous, containing a small amount of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and fibroblasts. Most have no internal elastic membrane, but the lower limb blood vessels have a thin internal elastic membrane. The median membrane is thin, and the smooth muscle bundles are not densely arranged. There are a few connective tissues between the muscle bundles. The outer elastic membrane is thin or absent. The adventitia is quite thick, forming connective tissue, and some blood vessels have more longitudinal smooth muscle bundles, nutritional blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Applied Anatomy of Superficial Vein of Superficial Vein:
- The dorsal digital vein runs along both sides of the finger, and oblique branching branches merge along the way. The veins on the adjacent sides of the finger merge with each other to form a dorsal palm vein, which forms the dorsal vein network on the back of the hand. The dorsal digital veins from the radial side of the finger and the sides of the thumb merge into the dorsal vein network from the outside. It extends proximally into the cephalic vein, and the dorsal digital vein on the ulnar edge of the little finger joins the dorsal venous network from the inside and returns to the proximal end to become the expensive vein. There is often a middle group vein in the forearm superficial vein network near the middle of the forearm. Connected to the cephalic vein. In principle, the dorsal vein of the hand is preferred, and the puncture is gradually selected toward the heart. The dorsal vein arch can also be examined by ultrasound. Applied anatomy of the superficial veins of the upper limbs, including the cephalic veins, guiyang veins, median elbow veins, and other superficial forearm veins. In clinical work, blood collection, blood transfusion or intravenous injection are often performed near the elbow and the farthest part of the forearm. The largest vein is usually the median elbow vein, and in many cases the median elbow vein is often used to insert a catheter into the heart. The distal side of the cephalic vein is superficially anatomically located at the "nose snuff bottle" and is also a common place for catheterization. When a cannula or intubation is to be placed in the vein for a long time, a section of the blood vessel near the "snuff bottle" is ideal Selection of parts.