What Is Involved in Blood Circulation?
Blood flows through the heart and vascular system in a certain direction under the action of a heart pump. Including systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, and interconnected to form a complete circulatory system.
- Chinese name
- blood circulation
- Foreign name
- blood circulation
- Form
- Closed loop
- Constitute
- Systemic and pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation
- Presentation time
- 1628
- proposer
- Harvey
- Blood flows through the heart and vascular system in a certain direction under the action of a heart pump. Including systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, and interconnected to form a complete circulatory system.
Blood circulation types
- (A) Systemic circulation
- When the ventricle contracts, bright red blood (arterial blood) containing more oxygen and nutrients is output from the left ventricle, passes through the aorta and its branches at all levels, and reaches the capillaries of all parts of the body for material exchange and gas in the tissue. After exchange, the blood becomes slightly purple blood (venous blood) containing tissue metabolites and more carbon dioxide, and then passes through the various levels of veins, and finally flows into the superior and inferior vena cava and flows back to the right atrium. The blood circulation in the above path is called systemic circulation, also called large circulation. The main characteristics of the systemic circulation are long distances and a wide range of flow, which nourish all parts of the body with arterial blood, and transport metabolites and carbon dioxide back to the heart.
- (B) Pulmonary circulation
- From the right ventricle, venous blood with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide is passed through the pulmonary artery to the capillary network around the alveoli, where gas is exchanged with the alveoli, that is, the venous blood emits carbon dioxide (exhaled from the lungs), and then sucked Qi takes oxygen from the alveoli, so the dark red venous blood is changed to bright red arterial blood (containing more oxygen and less carbon dioxide), which is injected into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins at all levels. The blood circulation in the above path is called pulmonary circulation, also called small circulation. Pulmonary circulation is characterized by a short distance and passes only through the lungs, mainly to convert venous blood into oxygen-rich arterial blood.
- (Three) coronary circulation
- The coronary circulation is to provide the heart with the nutrients and oxygen it needs and transport waste away. It is a circulation in which blood flows directly from the coronary artery at the base of the aorta to the capillary network inside the myocardium and finally flows back to the right atrium from the vein.
Blood circulation energy
- The flow of blood requires energy. These energy are mainly generated by the heart beat, and in the final analysis, the energy of the heart beat is produced by the mitochondria in the cells, so the mitochondrial content in the cardiac muscle cells is quite large. Mitochondria are places where energy is generated. The activities in mitochondria are mainly the second and third stages of aerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration is divided into three stages:
- The first stage: glucose dehydrogenation, producing reducing hydrogen, pyruvate and a small amount of ATP, this stage is performed in the cytoplasmic matrix.
- The second stage: pyruvate continues to dehydrogenate, and at the same time water molecules are required to participate in the reaction to produce reducing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a small amount of ATP.
- The third stage: The hydrogen and oxygen removed in the first two stages are combined to produce water. This stage produces a large amount of ATP. ATP is also called adenosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate. It is mainly adenine combined with ribose to form adenosine. Adenosine is formed by combining the 5th hydroxyl group in ribose with 3 connected phosphate groups. ATP is removed when it works. One phosphoric acid forms ADP, and this process releases energy.
Physiological function of blood circulation
- The main significance of blood circulation is to ensure the metabolism of the body. Each tissue of the animal body obtains various nutrients, moisture, and oxygen from the blood, and uses these materials to oxidize to generate thermal energy to ensure normal functioning; at the same time, wastes such as carbon dioxide, urea, and uric acid produced by metabolism are discharged to the blood and transported separately It goes to the respiratory organs and excretory organs and is excreted to keep the physical and chemical properties of the tissue relatively constant. In addition, the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands are delivered to various parts of the body through circulation to regulate the physiological functions of the body.