What Is the Anatomy of the Kidney?

The kidney is an organ of vertebrates and part of the urinary system. It is responsible for filtering impurities in the blood, maintaining the balance of body fluids and electrolytes, and finally producing urine that is excreted through the urethra. It also has endocrine functions to regulate blood pressure. In the human body, a normal adult has two kidneys, located behind both sides of the waist. The specific enzymes in the kidney are glycerin kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. These two enzymes are very important enzymes.

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Kidney is

The kidney has a strong ability to regulate water excretion according to the body's needs to maintain a stable body fluid penetration concentration. Nearly 80% of the water filtered from the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and the descending branch of the medullary ridge. The reabsorption of this part of water is related to the reabsorption of solutes. The absorption of sodium from the small lumen surface is passive. It is accompanied by exchange with hydrogen ions, and the absorption of glucose, amino acids and phosphates enters the cells in a diffuse form. Basal membrane has Na +, K + -ATPase, which actively pumps sodium into

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Human body fluids have a certain pH, and this acid-base balance is an important basis for maintaining human life activities.

Under normal dietary conditions, the body produces a large amount of

Kidney: Section 12, porcine kidney, HE staining. The red-stained part is cortex, and the light-stained part is medulla.

(1) Capsule: It consists of dense connective tissue.

(2) Cortex: Three structures can be seen.

Renal corpuscle: spherical, composed of glomeruli and vesicles.

Glomerulus: a ball of arterial capillaries, a slightly thicker ball can be found on the slice

The kidneys are located on both sides of the lumbar spine, one on each side. "Su Wen · The pulse must be subtle" said: "The waist is the place of the kidney."

The main physiological functions of the kidney are: the main Tibetan essence, the main water, and the main Qi. Because the kidney conceals the innate essence, the main reproduction, the source of human life, the kidney is called the "congenital essence." The kidney refines the kidney qi, and the kidney qi is divided into yin and yang. The kidney yin and kidney yang can support, promote, and coordinate the yin and yang of the internal organs. Therefore, the kidney is also known as the "five visceral yin and yang". Kidney possession essence, the main urn, also known as the seal of the origin.

The kidney meets the bones in the body, grows the marrow, and connects the brain. Its bloom is in the ears, the ears and the two yin are in the qiao, the fear is in the mind, and the saliva is in the fluid. The Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot Sun Bladder Meridian belong to the kidney and the bladder, which are superficial and inferior. The kidney is water in the five elements, which is the yin in the yin, and it is in harmony with the natural winter phase.

Chinese medicine's understanding of kidney

1. Menstrual flow is small, or the period is short, and the color is dark. The occurrence and disappearance of menstruation are all signs of strong kidney function. If there are many toxins in the kidney, menstrual blood will decrease.

2. Edema. The kidneys manage the fluids in the body. After the kidneys accumulate toxins, their ability to drain excess fluid is reduced and edema occurs.

3. Acne on the lower jaw. The lower jaw area of the face is under the jurisdiction of the kidney. The kidneys have insufficient detoxification, and excess toxins will appear in the lower jaw area.

4. Easily tired. Toxins in the body consume the energy of the kidneys, and the energy provided by the kidneys is reduced. As a result, body fatigue, fatigue, sleepiness, and weakness of the limbs occur.

Kidney disease often has no obvious symptoms, but once you have the following ten symptoms, be alert and seek medical advice as soon as possible. The ten symptoms include:

(1) Swelling of eyelids and ankles;

(2) high blood pressure;

(3) Pain in the waist and abdomen;

(four)

Kidney deficiency and low back pain are often manifested as low back pain and endless tenderness, hi rubbing according to hi, with weakness in legs and knees, and even worse in case of labor, often recurrent. For those with partial kidney yang deficiency, they will be pale, and their hands and feet are not wet.

Chinese medicine believes that the kidney is the "congenital foundation" and "the root of life". People with kidney deficiency or premature kidney qi may show endocrine disorders,

1. Drink plenty of water: People who drink less water and have less urine excretion are more prone to kidney stones, which can affect kidney function. Drink 8 glasses of water daily, and eat less chocolate, strawberry, kernel, spinach, iced tea, instant coffee, and more vitamin B6 supplements can reduce the formation of calcium oxalate in the urine, thereby reducing the occurrence of kidney stones.

2. Eat more black foods: Black foods such as fungus and mushrooms can ensure the metabolism of the kidneys and reduce the accumulation of excess water in the kidneys. Chestnut also has the effect of nourishing the kidney and strengthening the waist, and eating 6-7 per day can achieve the purpose.

3. Eat more plant protein: eat a light diet, not salty, eat less high-protein, high-fat foods, because high blood lipids can cause renal vascular sclerosis, leading to kidney function damage; and excessive intake of protein foods will increase the burden on the kidneys. Eat less tofu and legumes. Even patients with kidney disease or chronic renal failure can eat legumes appropriately. Because plant protein is beneficial to the kidney, and soy contains phytoestrogens, which can protect the kidney.

4. Do not take drugs indiscriminately: The most common drugs for kidney damage include various painkillers, antibiotics such as gentamicin, kanamycin, and sulfa. Diabetics, the elderly, and people with mild renal dysfunction are more susceptible to drug poisoning.

5. Pay attention to the pattern of urination: keep urination unobstructed. Pay attention to observe the shape of urine, which can reflect kidney function. For example, foamy urine is a manifestation of proteinuria, and nocturia is an early symptom of renal insufficiency. If urethral obstruction occurs and urination is not smooth, it will increase the chance of nephritis and increase the burden on the kidneys.

6. Prevent common diseases that may cause kidney disease: such as upper respiratory infections, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Upper respiratory tract infections, especially pharyngeal inflammation, are often the main cause of kidney disease and one of the factors that cause recurrence of kidney disease. Therefore, active preventive measures should be taken. High blood pressure causes kidney blood vessels to be hardened for a long time, which damages kidney function. Obesity will increase the burden on the kidney and cause kidney function damage. 30% of diabetic patients will develop uremia, so it should be effectively controlled. In addition, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, etc. can cause damage to renal function and should be taken care of.

7. Periodic renal function tests: a family history of kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, and nephritis at an early age are all high-risk groups with chronic renal failure, so if there is such a disease, it should be tested regularly Renal function to early detection and early treatment.