What Is the Brachial Artery?

A direct continuation of the brachial artery axillary artery. Along the medial groove of the biceps brachii, it goes down with the median nerve, first from the inner side of the nerve to slightly below the middle of the upper arm, crossing each other, and turning to the outer side of the nerve. To the deep part of the cubital fossa, the radial neck is divided into radial and ulnar arteries. During hemostasis of the forearm, pressing the finger from the inner side of the biceps brachii toward the humerus is an important hemostatic point. In addition to the muscular branches distributed in the flexors and extensors of the upper arm, the branches of the brachial artery include the deep brachial artery and the superior ulna. Artery, ulnar inferior accessory artery. The tissues that nourish their distribution areas, such as trauma or fracture of the upper arm, should pay attention to this artery.

A direct continuation of the brachial artery axillary artery. Along the medial groove of the biceps brachii, it goes down with the median nerve, first from the inner side of the nerve to slightly below the middle of the upper arm, crossing each other, and turning to the outer side of the nerve. To the deep part of the cubital fossa, the radial neck is divided into radial and ulnar arteries. During hemostasis of the forearm, pressing the finger from the inner side of the biceps brachii toward the humerus is an important hemostatic point. In addition to the muscular branches distributed in the flexors and extensors of the upper arm, the branches of the brachial artery include the deep brachial artery and the superior ulna Artery, ulnar inferior accessory artery. The tissues that nourish their distribution areas, such as trauma or fracture of the upper arm, should pay attention to this artery.

Chinese name

Brachial artery

Foreign name

Brachial artery

Category

artery

Location

Medial biceps tendon

Meaning

Brachial artery axillary artery changed its name at the lower edge of the great round muscle

Blood pressure

30 liters of blood transfusion per minute

Main branch

Deep brachial artery

Brachial artery anatomy:

1. Brachial artery:

The brachial artery is the arterial trunk of the arm, and it continues from the axillary artery at the lower edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle. It descends along the medial side of the biceps to the cubital fossa. support. The brachial artery accompanies the vein and median nerve of the same name. The pulsation of the artery can be touched on the inside of the biceps tendon in the elbow socket, so it is often used as an auscultation site to measure blood pressure. If the trauma below the forearm bleeds, you can press the brachial artery backward and outward on the inside of the biceps The humerus performs hemostasis. When using a tourniquet to stop bleeding, it should be performed on the arm 1/3 to avoid injury to the radial nerve.

The brachial artery emanates from the deep brachial artery, humeral nourishing artery, superior ulnar artery and inferior ulnar artery. Distributed in the upper arm muscles, bones and elbow joints. The deep brachial artery emanates from the posterior wall of the initial segment of the brachial artery, with the radial nerve backward and outward, traveling in the radial nerve sulcus, reaching the elbow joint upward and outward, acting as the radial accessory artery. Fracture of the middle humerus is likely to damage the deep humeral artery and radial nerve. The radial and secondary ulnar arteries participate in the formation of the elbow arterial network.

2. Arm:

The arms are located between the shoulders and elbows. The upper boundary is the line connecting the front ends of the axillary and posterolateral walls at the arms; the lower boundary is the circular line passing through the two lateral fingers of the humerus and the proximal side of the lateral epicondyle. The arms are divided into anterior and posterior regions by the two perpendicular lines made by the inner and outer epicondyles of the humerus.

The skin at the front of the arm is thin and mobile. There is a raised biceps brachii in the middle, which is called the medial groove of the biceps brachii and the lateral groove of the biceps brachii on the inside and the outside respectively. In the lower part of the lateral groove of the biceps brachii, there are cephalic veins and lateral forearm cutaneous nerves. In the lower half of the medial sulcus of the biceps brachii, there is the guinea vein and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm. They enter and exit the deep fascia at the midpoint of the arm. The guinea vein joins the humeral vein or continues directly to the axillary vein. The brachial artery, median nerve, and ulnar nerve are located deep in the medial groove. Because the brachial artery occupies the inner side of the humerus on the arm, it is located in the front of the humerus in the middle of the arm, and runs in front of the humerus to the lower arm. Therefore, when using hand pressure to stop bleeding, the upper part of the arm should be pressed outward, the middle part of the arm should be pressed backward and the lower part of the arm should be pressed backward.

The morphological structure of the brachial artery:

The brachial artery is a direct continuation of the axillary artery from the lower edge of the great round muscle. It descends through the medial groove of the biceps brachii to the cubital fossa and is usually divided into radial and ulnar arteries at the radial neck plane. The outer diameter of the brachial artery was 0.49 cm before the deep brachial artery was divided, and 0.42 cm after the deep brachial artery was divided. In the local position, the relationship between the humeral artery and the humerus is: in the proximal part of the arm, the humeral artery is located on the inner side of the humerus, and in the distal part it is located in front of the humerus. When the upper extremity is severely bleeding and the artery needs to be compressed to stop bleeding, the proximal portion needs to be compressed outward, and the distal portion must be compressed directly backward. Or use a tourniquet to stop bleeding at the junction of the upper and middle 1/3 of the arm. The brachial artery runs above the margin of the elbow, and the inner side of the biceps brachii tends to be superficial, which is often the auscultation site for clinical blood pressure measurement. When the supracondylar fracture of the humerus is accompanied by injury of the brachial artery, it is necessary to check whether the pulsation of the radial artery is normal and rule out whether the brachial artery is compressed to prevent Volkmann spasm. The relationship between the brachial artery and the median nerve is: in the upper part of the arm, the median nerve is located outside the artery, and in the middle of the arm, it passes from the anterior to the lower part of the artery to the inside of the artery. The variation of the brachial artery is that the superficial brachial artery is located on the superficial side of the median nerve or there are two arterial trunks in the arm, one on the superficial side of the nerve and one on the deep side of the nerve. If this is the case during surgery, ligating only the superficial arm arteries will not achieve the purpose of the operation. The midpoint of the line extending along the medial groove of the corac and biceps brachii to the inner and outer epicondyle of the humerus is the body surface projection of the brachial artery. The main branches of the brachial artery in the arm are: the deep brachial artery, the superior ulnar secondary artery, the nourishing artery, the inferior ulnar secondary artery, and the muscular branch.