What is the pentose phosphate path?

Pentose phosphate pathway is a sequence of events used to convert the type of glucose into other molecules. To achieve this goal, the path uses several steps and different enzymes. Pentose phosphate pathways include molecules commonly known as NADPH, which donate electrons to other molecules in reducing reactions, and pentose molecules that are used as building blocks for nuclear material. The first phase is irreversible and includes the use of electrons and carbon atom from glucose-6-phosphate. This phase has two reaction steps. The second phase is reversible and converts the product of the first step into alternative sugar molecules.

The path begins with a molecule of glucose-6-phosphate. This molecule is converted into 6-phosphogluconolactone by enzyme glucose-6-phosphate by dehydrogenase and loses two electrons in this process. Electrons are used to change the nicotinamide adenin dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) into its reduced form, Nadph, through the process called oxidation. The second step uses the water molecule (h 2 o) that helps remove carbon from the 6-phosphogluconolactone product of the first step. During this reaction, catalyzed by enzyme 6-phosphoglukonolacton-dehydrogenase, the carbon dioxide molecule (CO _{2 ) is released and other overwhelms are obtained and converted to NADPH.}

The product of the first phase of the pentos phosphate pathway is ribulosis-5-phosphate. This molecule can be changed to several useful substances in the second phase of the road. Ribulosis-5-phosphate can be structurally changed without changing the molecular weight, to ribosis-5-phosphate, which is used in the production of nucleotides and deoxynucleotides that are building blocks of genetic material. It can also be converted to ribulosis-5-phospatdo xylulosis-5-phosphate, which is also used for the production of nucleic material.

These five carbon sugar molecules can be used to produce sugars with six or three carbon atoms called FrukTosis-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This occurs when the cell needs Nadph more than ribosis-5-phosphate needs. These six and three-cells can also be used to re-produce glucose if the cell requires it. The path can also work otherwise, if necessary by turning six and three-leaf sugars converting into ribosis-5-phosphate.

Pentose phosphate pathway is quite active in oily tissues and mammalian red blood cells. It is active in oily tissue, because the gift of Nadph electrons is required to divide energy sources into glucose, so Nadph levels should be maintained. Savic blood cells use the way for a slightly different reason. The NADPH produced maintains a molecule called glutathion in a form that helps prevent oxidized iron hemoglobin. The thsome form of hemoglobin is more effective in tying oxygen than the oxidized form.