Where Are the Different Brain Regions?

Cerebral cortical function positioning theory, the theory of the relationship between brain function and psychological activity. It was proposed by the neuroanatomist FJ Gall and his student JG Spurzheim in the early 19th century. It is believed that the cerebral cortex is divided into many independent functional areas and is divided into various mental abilities. They proposed in the six-volume "Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System": the mental organs that the brain is; the basic personality and various intellectual characteristics of human beings are determined in advance; there must be different degrees of development in the brain Cortical areas, these areas are responsible for different capabilities, that is, different functions have different management structures.

FJ Gall and his student JG Spurzheimer believe that the shape of the skull is consistent with the outline of the cerebral cortex, so the characteristics of the shape of a part of the skull can be used to determine the development of the cortex, and to judge the individual in a certain aspect. How capable. They listed many independent mental abilities, thinking that they belonged to the functions of different parts of the brain and called these parts the corresponding organs. For example, the brain region at the posterior corner of the parietal bone is a combat organ; the cortical region below the posterior superior skull is a self-respecting organ; the cortical region below the upper and lower posterior upper regions may be cautious organs; This view was called after 1815

French neurologist P. Broca found in 1861 that the brain in the left frontal lobe of the 2nd and 3rd frontal gyrus, the frontal tissue of Cervus fissure, was softened or damaged, and the patient lost the ability to speak. This area was hereinafter referred to as Broca. Three years later, JH Jackson, a British clinical neurologist, noticed a link between loss of speech ability and right-half-dance disease, noting that in addition to the areas of tongue movement identified by Broca, there is a certain brain gyrus management. Fine movements of hands controlled directly by the mind. 1870 German psychiatrist G. Friedrich and E. Hitch

60's RW Sperry, MS

In the surgical treatment of lesions in the cerebral cortical functional area, the functional (cortical (motor area)) localization can determine the boundaries of brain functional areas such as cerebral motor movement in real time, helping doctors to remove the lesion to the maximum extent, while protecting the normal brain around the lesion as much as possible. The organization and avoidance of neurological damage are related to the quality of life of patients after surgery; therefore, the study of the functional location of brain motor areas has a clear medical clinical application background and is of great significance for neurosurgery. How to locate the brain functional area accurately, quickly, non-invasively, and even in the non-wake state during surgery is a basic theoretical problem that has plagued clinical and neuromedical research and needs to be solved urgently. In this thesis, "the clinical application of the functional localization of the cerebral cortical motor area of the human nervous system through the specific analysis of the cerebral motor cortical EEG signals" is the goal of this study. To explore the principle and analysis algorithm of cortical electroencephalography for functional positioning of intraoperative brain motor area, and provide theoretical basis for clinical application of medicine, so as to achieve accurate, rapid and non-invasive functional localization of intraoperative brain motor area. First of all, according to the application of brain (motor area) functional positioning and research status at home and abroad, the problems in the research and application of brain (motor area) functional positioning are pointed out. ^[1]