How Strong is Copper?

Copper alloy (copper alloy) is an alloy composed of pure copper as a matrix and adding one or several other elements. Pure copper is purple, also known as copper. Pure copper has a density of 8.96 and a melting point of 1083 ° C. It has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. It is mainly used to make electrical equipment such as generators, busbars, cables, switchgears, transformers, and heat-conducting equipment such as heat exchangers, pipes, and flat-plate collectors for solar heating devices. Commonly used copper alloys are divided into three categories: brass, bronze and white copper.

There are three classification methods of copper alloys:

Copper alloys of various compositions have different crystalline characteristics, different casting properties, and different casting process characteristics.

1. Tin bronze: The crystallization is characterized by a large crystallization temperature range and a wide solidification area. In terms of casting properties, the fluidity is poor, it is easy to cause shrinkage, and it is not easy to oxidize. The process is characterized by directional solidification (sequential solidification) of thick-walled parts, and simultaneous solidification of complex thin-walled parts and general thick-walled parts.

2. Aluminum bronze and aluminum brass: The crystallization characteristic is that the crystallization temperature range is small, and it is a layer-by-layer solidification characteristic. In terms of casting properties, it has good fluidity, is easy to form concentrated shrinkage, and is easy to oxidize. The process feature is that the aluminum bronze casting system is bottom-injection and the aluminum brass pouring system is open.

3.

Physical properties

(1) Excellent physical and chemical properties Pure copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and copper alloy also has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Copper and copper alloys are highly resistant to atmospheric and water corrosion. Copper is a diamagnetic substance.

(2) Good processability, good plasticity, easy cold and hot forming; cast copper alloy has good castability.

(3) Has some special mechanical properties such as excellent friction reduction and wear resistance (such as bronze and some brass), high elastic limit and fatigue limit (such as beryllium bronze, etc.).

(4) Beautiful color and luster 2. (Copper)

Pure copper is a rose-red metal, which is purple after a copper oxide film is formed on the surface, so industrial pure copper is often called red copper or electrolytic copper. The density is 8-9g / cm² and the melting point is 1083 ° C. Pure copper has good electrical conductivity and is widely used in the manufacture of wires, cables, brushes, etc .; it has good thermal conductivity, and is often used to make magnetic instruments and meters that must be protected against magnetic interference, such as compasses and aviation instruments; it is extremely plastic and easy to heat Pressing and cold pressing can be made into copper materials such as tubes, rods, wires, strips, strips, plates, foils and so on. There are two types of pure copper products: smelted products and processed products. See Tables 1 and 2 respectively.

Grades, ingredients and uses of smelted copper

Grade	Code	ingredient(%)		use
		Copper is not less than	The sum of impurities is less than
No. 1 copper	Cu-1	99.95	0.05	Applicable to electrolytic copper for molten copper wire ingots, copper ingots, copper rods and casting alloys
No. 2 copper	Cu-2	99.90	0.10	Applicable to electrical copper wire ingots for rolling conductive wires, copper rods and profiles

Group, grade and composition of processed copper

composition	Grade	Code	Chemical composition (%)		Total impurities (%) (weight)	use
Copper + silver	other
Pure copper	No. 1 copper No. 2 copper No. 3 copper	T1 T2 T3	99.95 99.90 99.70		0.05 0.10 0.30	1. For conductive and high-purity alloys, 2. For conductive, 3. General
Oxygen free copper	No. 1 oxygen-free copper No. 2 oxygen-free copper	TU1 TU2			0.03 0.05	Electric vacuum devices and instruments and meters
Phosphorous deoxidized copper	No.1 deoxidized copper No.2 deoxidized copper	TP1 TP2	99.90 99.98	Phosphorus 0.005-0.012 Phosphorus 0.013-0.050	0.10 0.15	For welding
Silver copper	0.1 silver copper	Tag0.1	Copper 99.95	Silver 0.06-0.12	0.30